Differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells is accompanied by a modification of magnesium homeostasis

The concentrations of ammonia in the plasma of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddaerti exposed to cyanide for 1-6 days were significantly greater than the respective values of the controls. This was due to an increase in the production of NH3 in the muscle and an increase in the retention of NH3 and/or NH4+ in the blood of the cyanide-exposed fish when compared to controls. Cyanide exposure significantly increased the specific activity of muscle AMP deaminase. Since adenylosuccinate synthetase and lyase were also present in the muscle, exposure to cyanide might increase the production of NH3 from the catabolism of purine nucleotides. B. boddaerti exposed to cyanide excreted significantly less ammonia than the control fish. Results indicate changes in the permeability of the epithelial surfaces of the cyanide-exposed fish to NH3 and/or NH4+. Since the tissues and organs needed time to activate the inducible cyanide detoxification mechanisms, the increase in the production of NH3 might be an important defensive mechanism for B. boddaerti during the early phase of cyanide exposure.