Design of tubular reactors in recycle systems

The article presents an approach to design tubular reactors in recycle systems, based on non-linear analysis. A pseudo-homogeneous plug-flow reactor model is used. It is assumed that the separation unit delivers product and recycle streams with fixed composition. The stand-alone reactor has a unique stable steady state. The coupled reactor–separation–recycle system shows four types of conversion versus plant Damköhler number bifurcation diagrams. A feasible steady state exists only if the reactor volume exceeds a critical value. For isothermal reactor, the steady state is unique and stable. For non-isothermal reactor, one or two steady states are possible. In the second situation the low-conversion state is unstable. In some parameter regions, the unique state is unstable. The design should ensure state unicity and stability, which are favoured by large heat-transfer capacity, low coolant temperature and high reactor-inlet temperature. A case study demonstrates that these phenomena can be easily found in real plants.