Direct observation and measurement of fiber architecture in short fiber-polymer composite foam through micro-CT imaging |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Gill Foundation Composites Center, Department of Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0241, USA;2. Micro Photonics Inc., P.O. Box 3129, Allenton, PA 18106, USA;1. Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department and Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany;2. University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Selzhammerstrasse 23, 4600 Wels, Austria;3. Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;4. Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany;1. The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States;2. Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States;3. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States;1. Research Center for Applied Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China;2. Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;3. Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, UK;1. The University of Tokyo, Department of Systems Innovation, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;2. KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 B-3001, Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | A non-destructive X-ray imaging technique was used to determine internal structure in a polymer foam reinforced with short fibers. The technique, known as micro-CT (for computerized tomography), was used to measure the fiber length distribution (FLD) and fiber orientation distribution (FOD), two parameters that are critical to the behavior of short-fiber-reinforced composites. Phenolic foam reinforced with short glass fibers was used as an exemplar to demonstrate the potential of this technique, exploiting the large difference in density between the two components. Direct 2D and 3D images were generated in which individual fibers were clearly resolved, along with portions of the foam structure. The images were analyzed using computer software to obtain quantitative FLD and FOD data. A distinct preferred orientation of fibers was revealed that was attributed to shear flow during foam expansion. For quantitative analysis of microstructure in short fiber composites, the micro-CT technique affords numerous advantages over the conventional approach of parallel dissection followed by image analysis of polished surfaces, and may be useful for determining FLD and FOD in polymer composites with dense matrices. |
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