Reinforcing hydroxyapatite/thermosetting epoxy composite with 3-D carbon fiber fabric through RTM processing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Itajubá, Ave BPS 1303, Itajubá, 37500-903 MG, Brazil;2. Faculty of Engineering Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ave. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha 333, Guaratinguetá, 12516-410 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Paulista State University, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, 14801-907 Araraquara, SP, Brazil;1. Drexel University, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;2. U.S. Army Research Lab, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21005, United States;1. Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 Yikuang Street, P.O. Box 3011, Harbin 150080, People’s Republic of China;2. Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, P.O. Box 301, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China;3. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, P.O. Box 410, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China;1. Airbus Group Innovations, Composite Technologies, 81663 Munich, Germany;2. Université de Toulouse, Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France;3. Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France |
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| Abstract: | Bioactive ceramic/polymer composites have been developed in the orthopaedic field in recent years. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) carbon fiber fabric is used to reinforce hydroxyapatite (HA)/thermosetting epoxy composite and epoxy resin through resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. It is found that the 3-D carbon fiber fabric can be impregnated with epoxy and HA-containing epoxy resin, and HA is distributed gradually along the depth direction in fiber-reinforced HA/epoxy composite, although HA is dispersed evenly in epoxy resin by surface modification of silane coupling agent. The impact toughness and flexural strength of fiber-reinforced epoxy and fiber-reinforced HA/epoxy composites are much higher than those of epoxy and HA/epoxy composite. The impact toughness of both fiber-reinforced composites decreases while the flexural strength and the flexural modulus increase with fiber volume ratio. The impact toughness of the fiber-reinforced HA/epoxy composite is higher, while the flexural strength and modulus are lower than those of the fiber-reinforced epoxy composite at the same fiber volume ratio. The flexural strength of the both composites is higher than, and their flexural modulus is close to, those of the human cortical bone. The in vitro cytotoxicity test with L929 fibroblasts shows that the addition of HA diminished the toxicity of epoxy resin. |
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