多数据库系统的数据模式集成与查询处理

在分析了多数据库系统数据模式体系结构的基础上 ,讨论了多数据库查询处理问题 :查询分解、查询转换和查询优化。给出了全局查询分解算法和全局查询优化算法     

一种适合多数据库系统的查询表示方法

1 引言随着分布计算和网络技术的不断发展,传统的数据库技术已越来越不能满足数据共享和互操作的需要。同时,已有的数据库系统又不可能全部丢弃.因而研制能同时访问和处理来自多个数据库中数据的多数据库系统已成为必然趋势。多数据库系统是解决已存的、异构的、分布的多个局部数据库系统之间数据共享和集成的问题。由于多数据库系统具有异构性、分布性和局部自治性的特点,使得多数据库查询处理与传统数据库查询处理有很大的不同。多数据库系统呈现给用户的是全局模式,用户使用全局查询语言提交对多数据库的查询,而所需的数据又必须从各局部数据库获得,所以必须将全局查询转换成与局部数据库对应的局部查询。在全局查询转换为局部查询的过程中,需要     

多数据库系统中基于XIDM的模式映射方法研究

建立多数据库系统中多种模式间的映射是多数据库解决模式异构性的关键，而选用一种适用于这些映射的集成数据模型又是模式映射的基础。为了集成数据库、文件系统、Web文档等多种异构系统中的数据，提出了一种基于XML的集成数据模型（XIDM)作为多数据库系统的公共数据模型，基于XIDM模型，给出了全局模式与输出模式、输出模式与局部模式之间的模式映射方法，并对全局映射和局部映射在多数据库原型系统Panorama中的实现进行了示例，最后从数据模型的集成能力和模式映射的可操作性方面对基于XIDM的模式映射方法进行了性能比较和分析。     

多数据库系统查询优化算法的研究

介绍了自行研制的panorama多数据库系统的查询优化的实现方法．提出了一种在分布式对象管理体系结构环境下的多数据库系统的动态查询优化技术．在查询优化的执行过程中．使用了基于多元线性回归模型的统计决策机制．由于多数据库的查询优化和模式集成的实现方式也有一定的关系．所以对多数据库系统的模式集成也作了一些描述。     

多数据库系统中的查询处理

在多数据库系统中,为实现局部系统的互操作,通常需要建立局部系统的集成视图u多数据库系统的用户针对集成视图表达全局查询请求后,多数据库系统的查询处理器经多级转换和处理后将全局查请求等价地转换为优化的针对局部模式的一组局邮子查询,主局部系统取得的部分查询结果经组装后取得最终的查询结果。     

多XML数据源的语义集成与查询处理

提出一种多XML数据源的语义集成和查询处理的途径,通过一定步骤将各个局部DTD模式集成为全局模式,同时生成全局模式到局部模式的映射。在查询处理中,查询被表示成查询树的形式,引入了补查询和连接子等概念,给出了查询分解和执行的具体算法,并首次提出并分析了XML集成环境下产生不确定查询结果的情况。     

多数据库系统中的模式映射方法

多数据库系统一般具有四级模式结构，全局用户只能访问全局模式，而最终的数据必须从各局部数据库系统中获得，因此必须建立多数据库系统的模式映射，它表示了局部模式通过输出模式集成为全局模式的相应转换。本文给出了一种多数据库系统中的模式映射方法，并使用 模式映射树来存储和表达这种模式映射。     

基于并行及异构数据库联合系统

用PowerBuilder开发异构数据库的联合使用是一种好方法，然而它不支持数据库服务器间的并行工作。本文提出了在PowerBuilder应用程序与数据库接口之间通过构造“并行桥”的策略解决这一问题的思想，并由此设计实现了一个“异构数据库联合使用系统”。该系统将分布在网络不同节点上的ORACLE、SYBAS及MSSQLSERVER数据库服务器中的局部库集成为一个全局库并提供全局事务管理和并行查询处理的异构数据库系统。     

探讨异构多数据库系统的集成技术

异构多数据库集成系统是数据库领域的研究热点和难点课题。该文首先对异构多数据库系统的集成进行设计,并进一步探讨了系统集成技术的实现,涉及到模式消解技术、查询处理技术以及事务处理技术。     

联邦数据库GD—MDBS的总体设计与模式集成

ＧＤ－ＭＤＢＳ是一个改进的基于泛关系的紧耦合型的联邦数据库系统。其主要特点是：１．基于泛关系理论，屏蔽各成员数据库模式的差异，提供一个与实现无关的、逻辑上的数据库全局模式；２．提供Ｆ－ＳＱＬ联邦数据查询语言；３．采用三级客户机／服务器结构。本文主要讨论ＧＤ－ＭＤＢＳ的总体结构和模式集成。     

An Object Algebra Approach to Multidatabase Query Decomposition in Donají

This paper presents an approach to query decomposition in a multidatabase environment. The unique aspect of this approach is that it is based on performing transformations over an object algebra that can be used as the basis for a global query language. In the paper, we first present our multidatabase environment and semantic framework, where a global conceptual schema based on the Object Data Management Group standard encompasses the information from heterogeneous data sources that include relational databases as well as object-oriented databases and flat file sources. The meta-data about the global schema is enhanced with information about virtual classes as well as virtual relationships and inheritance hierarchies that exist between multiple sources. The AQUA object algebra is used as the formal foundation for manipulation of the query expression over the multidatabase. AQUA is enhanced with distribution operators for dealing with data distribution issues. During query decomposition we perform an extensive analysis of traversals for path expressions that involve virtual relationships and hierarchies for access to several heterogeneous sources. The distribution operators defined in algebraic terms enhance the global algebra expression with semantic information about the structure, distribution, and localization of the data sources relevant to the solution of the query. By using an object algebra as the basis for query processing, we are able to define algebraic transformations and exploit rewriting techniques during the decomposition phase. Our use of an object algebra also provides a formal and uniform representation for dealing with an object-oriented approach to multidatabase query processing. As part of our query processing discussion, we include an overview of a global object identification approach for relating semantically equivalent objects from diverse data sources, illustrating how knowledge about global object identity is used in the decomposition and assembly processes.     

基于ODMG—93标准的面向对象视图集成机制

模式集成多数据库系统中需要解决的关键问题之一，己存在的大多数面向多数据库系统都采用了面向对象视图机制来建立集成模式。为了满足基于ＣＯＲＢＡ的ＣＩＭＳ信息集成平台呆订成的需要，本文提出了一种基于数据库管理组ＯＤＭＧ的ＯＤＭＧ－９３标准的视图集成机制并通过一个完整的例子说明了这种视图机制在模式集成中的应用。     

基于模式集成语义的查询处理

在采用面向对象模型作为公共数据模型的多数据库系统中，基于模式集成语义的查询处理不仅要实现针对集成模式查询到针对输出模式查询的转换，而且要从语义上尽可能减少回答用户查询所需数据，保证对象引用的正确性.为了达到这个目标,提出了一些新的概念及基于模式集成语义的查询处理规则和路径表达式的查询处理方法.     

MDBI中基于语义的多数据库模式集成方法

模式集成或转换是多数数据库集成研究中的一个非常重要的领域,同时也是多数据库集成过程中比较难以解决的一个问题,针对ＭＤＢＩ多数据库集成器的特点,本文主要介绍其模式集成方面的初步实现方法,首先给出ＭＤＢＩ模式集成的功能构成,然后描述了一个模式集成的大致过程;最后提出一种计算模式相似性的公式。     

Query optimization in multidatabase systems considering schemaconflicts

In a multidatabase system, the participating databases are autonomous. The schemas of these databases may be different in various ways, while the same information is represented. A global query issued against the global database needs to be translated to a proper form before it can be executed in a local database. Since data requested by a query (or a part of a query) is sometimes available in multiple sites, the site (database) that processes the query with the least cost is the desired query processing site. The authors study the effect of differences in schemas on the cost of query processing in a multidatabase environment. They first classify schema conflicts to different types. For each type of conflict, they show how much more or less complex a translated query can become in comparison with the originally user-issued global query. Based on this observation, they propose an analytical method that considers the conflicts between local databases and finds the database(s) that renders the least execution cost in processing a global query. This research introduces a new level of query optimization (termed the schema-level optimization) in multidatabase environments. The results provide a new dimension of enhancement for the capability of a query optimizer in multidatabase systems     

Multidatabase Query Optimization

A multidatabase system (MDBS) allows the users to simultaneously access heterogeneous,and autonomous databases using an integrated schema and a single global query language. The query optimization problem in MDBSs is quite different from the query optimization problem in distributed homogeneous databases due to schema heterogeneity and autonomy of local database systems. In this work, we consider the optimization of query distribution in case of data replication and the optimization of intersite joins, that is, the join of the results returned by the local sitesin response to the global subqueries. The algorithms presented for the optimization of intersite joins try to maximize the parallelism in execution and take the federated nature of the problem into account. It has also been shown through a comparativeperformance study that the proposed intersite join optimization algorithms are efficient.The approach presented can easily be generalized to any operation required for intersite query processing. The query optimization scheme presentedin this paper is being implemented within the scopeof a multidatabase system which is based on OMG‘sobject management architecture.     

Object-oriented query language access to relational databases: A semantic framework for query translation

This research investigates and approach to query processing in a multidatabase system that uses an objectoriented model to capture the semantics of other data models. The object-oriented model is used to construct a global schema, defining an integrated view of the different schemas in the environment. The model is also used as a self-describing model to build a meta-database for storing information about the global schema. A unique aspect of this work is that the object-oriented model is used to describe the different data models of the multidatabase environment, thereby extending the meta database with semantic information about the local schemas. With the global and local schemas all represented in an object-oriented form, structural mappings between the global schema and each local schema are then easily supported. An object algebra then provides a query language for expressing global queries, using the structural mappings to translate object algebra queries into SQL queries over local relational schema. The advantage of using an object algebra is that the object-oriented database can be viewed as a blackboard for temporary storage of local data and for establishing relationships between different databases. The object algebra can be used to directly retrieve temporarily-stored data from the object-oriented database or to transparently retrieve data from local sources using the translation process described in this paper.     

多数据库环境下的模式集成及查询分解

在不同数据库表模式间定义了一种结构冲突,并通过元数据的方法,描述了具有结构冲突的表模式间的模式集成。讨论了将集成后的表模式上的查询转换到原表模式上的查询分解方法。