小型阵列宽带恒定束宽波束形成器仿真研究

关于优化宽带恒定束宽波束形成,是阵列小型化和对低频宽带信号探测的核心问题.为了研究阵元间距小于四分之一波长的线列阵的宽带恒定束宽波束形成器设计,提出了FIR滤波器的适用于小型传感器阵列的时域恒定束宽波束形成方法,分析了频域和时域宽带波束形成的特点,进行了时域宽带恒定束宽波束形成器的设计.根据最小均方准则,求出了频域子带波束形成加权向量,使工作频带内各子带波束主瓣趋近于期望波束,同时控制工作频带内波束旁瓣响应幅度,波束图主瓣形状设计与期望频率响应FIR滤波器的设计问题都转化为二阶锥规划方法,从而实现工作频带内的恒定主瓣束宽.通过仿真证明,改进方法可使密排阵列在2000Hz ～ 4000Hz工作频段范围内具有恒定束宽的方向特性.     

MEMS矢量水听器阵列信号处理研究

MEMS矢量水听器是一种新型的水声传感器,对这种传感器的原理进行了简要介绍。为了验证该MEMS矢量水听器阵列的目标估计性能,进行了矢量阵的深海实验研究,选取了MUSIC算法应用于该MEMS矢量阵。实验结果表明:在复杂海洋环境中,该MEMS矢量阵能够实现对目标的方位估计和水下运动目标的航迹跟踪,从而验证了该MEMS矢量水听器成阵的可行性,为工程化应用奠定了基础。     

圆形基阵指向性的仿真研究

对一种适用于小型水下航行器的圆形基阵进行了研究.通过建立数学模型,对其指向特性进行了仿真,分析了影响基阵指向特性的各个因素.结果表明,与一般阵元相比,采用具有单向性与超指向性的水听器作阵元,不仪可以消除基阵的栅瓣、降低旁瓣、减小波束(主瓣)宽度,并能大大提高指向性指数,从而全面地改善基阵的指向特性;而且随着频率的降低,改善效果更为显著.采用单向性水听器作阵无的基阵在低频条件下工作更能显示其优越性.     

均匀线列阵时域宽带波束形成方法研究

时域宽带恒定束宽波束形成技术一般采用特殊频率响应的FIR滤波器组实现对不同频率的加权.对水下常用的均匀线列阵,利用切比雪夫方法设计了形成宽带恒定束宽波束的权值.通过对切比雪夫方法设计权值特性的分析,推导出实现加权的FIR滤波器组的相位响应关系式.根据推导结果得出设计的FlR滤波器组应为一组斜率不同的线性相位响应FIR滤波器.推导了滤波器组相位响应的计算公式.给出三种特殊频率响应FIR滤波器设计算法.通过仿真结果比较了三种方法设计的用于实现均匀线列阵恒定束宽加权的FIR滤波器组的性能.     

压差矢量水听器阵波束形成的优化

以各向同性噪声作为背景噪声场,对矢量水听器阵波束形成的优化方法进行了系统的研究.在分析各向同性噪声场中声压、振速相关性的基础上,利用最大信噪比准则推导了基阵的最佳增益与噪声场特性和阵列流形之间的关系,提出利用最佳增益权对阵列接收信号进行波束形成处理.通过对矢量水听器阵进行分解,将最佳增益波束形成引入矢量阵信号处理中.以二维压差矢量水听器阵作为接收基阵进行了仿真计算和湖上试验,结果表明,矢量阵的最佳增益波束形成可以获得性能更优的波束和更大的空间处理增益.     

水下目标定向及遗传算法仿真

传统的水声定位需要一个庞大的声压水听器阵,技术复杂,耗费可观。矢量传感器是一种新型的水声传感器,仅用单个的矢量传感器就可以进行水下目标的方位估计。该文分析了矢量传感器声压梯度法和互谱声强法的定向原理,在互谱声强法仿真的基础上,将遗传算法引入水下目标定向中。通过构建适应度函数,根据信号适应度函数进行遗传选择,舍弃不稳定信号,对有用信号进行杂交,从而获得较高的定向精度。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地进行目标方位估计,进一步提高定向精度。     

小孔径圆环阵凹槽超增益波束形成技术研究

在水下目标声纳检测问题的研究中,为了抑制水下噪声信号,提出了小孔径圆环阵凹槽超增益波束形成方法.上述方法针对均匀圆环阵,在保证基阵输出增益最大的前提下,采用凹槽波束优化方法,设计具有抑制特定方向波束响应输出的波束,以抑制该方向强的强干扰对目标方位估计的影响.仿真结果表明,改进方法能有效抑制期望信号方向以外的干扰对目标方位估计的影响;干扰信号越强,波束图输出谱凹槽越深;在小孔径圆环阵的基础上能实现对水下目标低频辐射噪声信号有效检测和方位估计.     

基于最小二乘自适应迭代的宽带波束形成算法

大部分时域恒定束宽宽带波束形成算法的权值拟合运算量较大,导致实用性大大降低.本文给出一种基于最小二来自适应迭代的恒定束宽波束形成器设计方法,同时将RLS迭代算法应用于滤波器组设计中.本文方法易于实现,不受阵形及阵元指向性限制,不受迭代步长影响,且能快速收敛.理论推导及仿真实验验证了本文方法的有效性.     

一种小型矢量阵优化波束方法研究

在小型声纳平台中由于单个矢量水听器所含的振速传感器具有自然指向性,其组成的矢量阵较传统水听器阵有优越性,但单个矢量水听器的自然指向性波束较宽,组成的矢量阵的-3dB束宽和旁瓣级不够理想。该文利用单个矢量传感器的声压、振速信息联合处理形成较好指向性,并用于矢量阵获得良好的阵列效果,同时分析了该方法对线阵和圆阵的影响。仿真结果表明当线阵的阵元间距和圆阵半径都为0．5米时,矢量阵接收低频信号所形成的波束图中-3dB束宽在以25°内,第一旁瓣级低于-60dB,这证明了该文的方法是有效的。     

基于二次型约束的稳健宽带恒定束宽波束形成

针对期望信号导向矢量失配时传统宽带波束形成器性能恶化的问题,提出一种稳健的宽带恒定束宽波束形成算法。首先结合空间响应变化(Spatial response variation, SRV)约束,将算法在信号带宽内不同频点的阵列响应约束简化为对某一参考频点的约束,实现具有恒定束宽特性的宽带波束形成,再通过对权矢量模值施加二次不等式约束,抑制指向误差及传感器参数随机扰动误差,提高算法的稳健性,并通过拉格朗日乘子法,在约束边界上求得最优权矢量的解析解。实验结果表明算法可有效克服信号指向误差引起的波束形成器性能恶化问题,且具有良好的恒定束宽特性及较高的阵列输出性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.