人参皂苷代谢产物CK诱导卵巢癌细胞CAOV3的凋亡机制

目的探讨人参皂苷代谢产物CK对卵巢癌细胞CAOV3的增殖抑制作用,及其诱导细胞凋亡的机制。方法采用MTT比色法测定不同浓度(0、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0μg/ml)CK对卵巢癌细胞CAOV3增殖的抑制作用。流式细胞术检测不同浓度(0、2.5、5.0μg/ml)CK诱导CAOV3细胞凋亡的情况;4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色观察细胞凋亡过程中形态变化;体外Caspase活力测定凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-8和Caspase-9的激活情况;Western blot分析Caspase-3底物多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶[Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,PARP]的断裂情况。结果 CK可明显抑制卵巢癌细胞CAOV3的增殖,CK浓度与其对细胞的增殖抑制作用呈剂量-效应关系,IC50值为3.6μg/ml。随着CK浓度的增加,发生凋亡的细胞数增加,出现典型的凋亡形态特征的细胞逐渐增多。Caspase-3、Caspase-8和Caspase-9均被激活。随着CK浓度的增加,酶活性增加,Caspase-3底物PARP断裂的条带逐渐加深。结论 CK对卵巢癌细胞CAOV3有毒性作用,能够抑制细胞增殖,且CK浓度与这种抑制作用呈剂量-效应关系;CK抑制CAOV3细胞的增殖作用是通过促进细胞凋亡来实现的,且这种细胞凋亡涉及内源及外源型途径。     

重组靶向毒素IL-6(23)-PE40_(KDEL)在毕赤酵母中的表达及其活性

目的利用毕赤酵母表达系统表达IL-6(23)-PE40KDEL重组靶向毒素,并检测其杀伤肿瘤细胞的活性。方法采用PCR技术,将目的基因IL-6(23)-PE40KDEL插入到pPIC9载体中SnaBⅠ与NotⅠ位点,电转化至巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115中,筛选Mut-型重组酵母;甲醇诱导表达,体外细胞试验检测其细胞毒性。结果获得12株Mut-重组酵母,其中8株具有细胞毒性,表达产物占上清液蛋白的9%～12.7%;15"l以上的表达产物在体外对SP2/0、HL-60、HepG2、BGC-832和HCT-116细胞具有高度杀伤活性,对CK、HeLa和NIH/3T3细胞无明显影响。结论IL-6(23)-PE40KDEL重组靶向毒素在毕赤酵母GS115中获得表达,并具有选择杀伤肿瘤细胞的活性。     

阿苯达唑对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、凋亡及Bcl-2表达的影响

目的观察阿苯达唑(Albendazole,ABZ)对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、凋亡及其对Bcl-2表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法用不同终浓度的ABZ(0.5、1.0、2.0及4.0 mg/ml)处理SW480细胞24、48、72 h,设对照组(ABZ浓度为0 mg/ml),CCK-8法检测ABZ对SW480细胞增殖活力的影响,并计算增殖抑制率及IC50。用不同终浓度的ABZ(1.0、2.0 mg/ml)处理SW480细胞,设对照组(ABZ浓度为0 mg/ml),流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR及Western blot检测Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,0.5、1.0、2.0及4.0 mg/ml ABZ处理组A值均明显降低(P﹤0.05),随着作用浓度的增加及作用时间的延长,抑制作用逐渐增强,且呈时间-剂量依赖性,2.0 mg/ml ABZ处理组24、48、72 h的IC50值分别为3.18、1.96和1.03 mg/ml;与对照组比较,1.0、2.0 mg/mlABZ处理组细胞凋亡率均明显增加(P﹤0.05),Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达均明显降低(P﹤0.05)。结论 ABZ能抑制结肠癌SW480细胞的增殖,并显著促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调Bcl-2表达有关。     

丹皮酚对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制

目的探讨丹皮酚对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的促凋亡作用及其可能的机制。方法用25、50、100、200、400μg/ml丹皮酚处理SKOV3细胞,设未经丹皮酚处理的细胞为对照组,24 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;用50、100、200μg/ml丹皮酚处理SKOV3细胞,设未经丹皮酚处理的细胞为对照组,24 h后,采用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)、Hoechst染色法检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot法检测caspase3及survivin蛋白的表达情况。结果与对照组相比,各浓度丹皮酚对SKOV3细胞的增殖均有明显的抑制作用,呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05),IC50值为200.06μg/ml;100、200μg/ml浓度组中SKOV3细胞凋亡率分别为(35.33±1.32)%、(39.56±1.27)%,与对照组[(9.01±1.21)%]相比明显增加(P<0.05);丹皮酚100、200μg/ml浓度组中发生凋亡的细胞数量较对照组多;丹皮酚处理后细胞凋亡相关蛋白survivin表达降低,而caspase3表达增加,高浓度组与低浓度组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丹皮酚能显著抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其调控凋亡相关蛋白survivin、caspase3表达变化有关。     

PML(NLS~-)干扰对HL-60细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨缺失核定位信号的PML,即PML(NLS-)干扰对急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞HL-60增殖与凋亡的影响。方法将靶向PML(NLS-)基因的3组干扰质粒pGpu6-PML(NLS-)shRNA和阴性对照质粒pGpu6-NCshRNA分别转染HL-60细胞,转染后48 h,G418筛选阳性克隆,分别命名为Si-1、Si-2、Si-3和NC组,并设空白对照组。采用RT-PCR法和Western blot法检测各组细胞中PML(NLS-)基因mRNA的转录水平和蛋白的表达水平;MTT法检测细胞的增殖活力;流式细胞术分析细胞的细胞周期及凋亡情况。结果 Si-1和Si-2组HL-60细胞PML(NLS-)基因mRNA的转录水平和蛋白的表达水平与空白对照组相比明显减低(P<0.05),有干扰效果;Si-1组HL-60细胞的增殖水平与空白对照组相比明显降低(P<0.05),以转染后48 h降低最为显著(P<0.01);抑制PML(NLS-)表达可引起HL-60细胞S期比例增高,G1和G2期比例下降(P<0.05);Si-1组细胞凋亡率明显高于NC组和空白对照组(P<0.05)。结论干扰PML(NLS-)的表达可促进HL-60细胞的凋亡,抑制其增殖。     

白介素-17对骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨白介素-17(interleukin-17,IL-17)对骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI8226增殖和凋亡的影响及骨髓瘤细胞株IL-17R的表达。方法体外培养RPMI8226细胞,取对数生长期的细胞,分别加入浓度为25、50、100、200、500 ng/ml的rh IL-17(另设不加rh IL-17的对照组),共同培养72 h后,采用MTT法检测IL-17对RPMI8226细胞增殖的影响;TUNEL法检测IL-17对RPMI8226细胞凋亡的影响。将BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为试验组和对照组,分别经腹部皮下注射含100 ng/ml IL-17和不含IL-17的RPMI8226细胞(5×106个),观察肿瘤生长情况。应用流式细胞术检测RPMI8226细胞IL-17R的表达。结果不同浓度的IL-17与对照组相比,均可促进RPMI8226细胞的增殖(P﹤0.05),抑制细胞凋亡(P﹤0.05)。经IL-17处理的RPMI8226细胞荷瘤小鼠与对照组相比,成瘤时间缩短(P﹤0.05),肿瘤体积增大(P﹤0.05)。RPMI8226细胞显著表达IL-17R。结论 IL-17在体内外均可促进RPMI8226细胞增殖,抑制其凋亡;RPMI8226细胞显著表达IL-17R。     

双氢青蒿素对前列腺癌PC-3细胞生长及Survivin表达的影响

目的观察双氢青蒿素(DHA)对前列腺癌PC-3细胞生长及Survivin表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法PC-3细胞经不同浓度的DHA处理后,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率;将PC-3细胞注入裸鼠右侧腋窝下,建立裸鼠种植瘤模型,将20只模型鼠随机分为空白对照组、DMSO对照组、DHA高剂量组(200μmol/kg体重)和低剂量组(100μmol/kg体重),经13d干预后,计算抑瘤率;光镜及电镜观察肿瘤组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学法检测Survivin的表达,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。结果DHA可显著抑制PC-3细胞的增殖,并具有时间、浓度依赖性;DHA对裸鼠种植瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率达60%以上;光镜及电镜观察到DHA两剂量组肿瘤组织中散在凋亡细胞及凋亡小体;DHA两剂量组细胞Survivin表达减弱,凋亡率明显升高。结论DHA可明显抑制PC-3细胞生长,其机制与下调Survivin的表达并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

重组靶向毒素hIL6(T22)-PE38在大肠杆菌中的表达及其细胞毒性

目的 在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化重组靶向毒素hIL6(T22)-PE38,并检测其细胞毒性。方法以PHis-hIL6(T22)-PE38质粒为模板,PCR扩增hIL6(T22)-PE38基因,插入表达载体pET-28a(+)的NcoⅠ和XhoⅠ多克隆位点,构建重组表达质粒,分别转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)、Rosettablue(DE3)和BL21(DE3)pLysS中,IPTG诱导表达,并对表达条件进行优化。表达产物经亲和层析纯化后,检测其细胞毒性。结果重组表达质粒pET-28a-hIL6(T22)-PE38经双酶切和测序证明构建正确。表达的重组毒素相对分子质量约56 000,在大肠杆菌Rosettablue(DE3)中表达量最高。最适诱导表达条件为:1 mmol/L IPTG 28℃诱导4 h。重组毒素能选择性地杀伤人骨髓瘤细胞U266和鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0,体外对U266和SP2/0细胞的IC50分别为0.5～1.0和1.0～1.5μg/ml。结论重组靶向毒素hIL6(T22)-PE38在大肠杆菌中成功获得可溶性表达,纯化的蛋白可明显选择性杀伤U266和SP2/0细胞。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3在白藜芦醇抑制脑胶质瘤C6细胞增殖中的作用

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(insulin like growth factor binding protein-3,IGFBP-3)在白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)抑制脑胶质瘤C6细胞增殖中的作用。方法将脑胶质细胞和脑胶质瘤C6细胞分为脑胶质细胞组、Res+脑胶质细胞组、脑胶质瘤C6细胞组及Res+脑胶质瘤C6细胞组,采用MTT和Western blot法分别检测Res对各组细胞增殖及细胞中IGFBP-3和ERK蛋白表达水平的影响。将脑胶质瘤C6细胞分为空白对照组、Res组、si RNA-IGFBP-3组和Res+si RNA-IGFBP-3组,采用MTT法、流式细胞术、Transwell试验及Western blot法分别检测Res联合si RNA-IGFBP-3对脑胶质瘤C6细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭能力及细胞中IGFBP-3和ERK蛋白表达水平的影响。结果各组细胞培养48 h后,Res+脑胶质细胞组与脑胶质细胞组的细胞增殖抑制率及细胞中IGFBP-3和ERK蛋白的表达水平均无明显变化(P0.05);Res+脑胶质瘤C6细胞组与脑胶质瘤C6细胞组比较,细胞增殖抑制率和细胞中ERK蛋白的表达水平均明显降低(P0.05),而IGFBP-3蛋白的表达水平明显升高(P0.05)。与空白对照组比较,Res组细胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率、IGFBP-3蛋白表达水平明显升高(P0.05),侵袭能力、ERK蛋白表达水平明显降低(P0.05);而si RNA-IGFBP-3组和Res+si RNA-IGFBP-3组细胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率、IGFBP-3蛋白表达水平明显降低(P0.05),侵袭能力、ERK蛋白表达水平明显升高(P0.05)。结论 Res可能是通过增强IGFBP-3的表达来抑制ERK信号通路的活性,进而发挥促进脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用。     

ZD 1839联合顺铂对人食管癌细胞HE-2增殖的影响

目的分析ZD1839联合顺铂用药对人食管细胞HE-2增殖的影响。方法在ZD1839和顺铂单独用药和联合用药情况下,采用MTT法检测不同浓度、不同作用时间的ZD1839与顺铂对人食管癌细胞HE-2增殖的抑制率;取各自48 h IC50值的半量为ZD1839与顺铂的药物浓度,流式细胞仪检测HE-2细胞凋亡及细胞周期的变化。结果ZD1839和顺铂均可抑制HE-2细胞的增殖,抑制效果呈剂量和用药时间依赖性(P均0.05);顺铂将细胞生长阻滞在S期,而ZD1839将细胞生长阻滞在G_0/G_1期,ZD1839联合顺铂用药,将细胞生长阻滞在G_0/G_1和S期;ZD1839联合顺铂用药的细胞增殖抑制率及细胞凋亡率均明显高于单独用药(P均0.01)。结论 ZD1839对食管癌细胞HE-2的增殖有抑制作用,且该抑制作用呈剂量和用药时间依赖性。同时,ZD1839可增强顺铂抑制食管癌细胞HE-2增殖的效应。     

Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein Directly Interacts with and Activates Toll-like Receptor 2 to Induce the Secretion of Interleukin-8 from Neutrophils and ATRA-Induced Differentiated HL-60 Cells

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils and monocytes is regulated by pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins, whereas HP-NAP-induced cytokine secretion by monocytes is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). However, it is unclear whether TLR2 participates in HP-NAP-induced cytokine secretion by neutrophils. Here, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiated HL-60 cells were first employed as a neutrophil model to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil responses to HP-NAP. HP-NAP-induced ROS production in ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells is mediated by the PTX-sensitive heterotrimeric G protein-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is consistent with the findings reported for human neutrophils. Next, whether TLR2 participated in HP-NAP-induced secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was investigated in neutrophils and ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells. In both cells, TLR2 participated in HP-NAP-induced IL-8 secretion but not HP-NAP-induced ROS production. Interestingly, PTX-sensitive G proteins also contributed to the HP-NAP-induced secretion of IL-8 from neutrophils and the differentiated HL-60 cells. Our ELISA-based binding assay further revealed the competitive binding of Pam₃CSK₄, a TLR2 agonist, and HP-NAP to TLR2, which suggests the presence of specific and direct interactions between HP-NAP and TLR2. Thus, HP-NAP directly interacts with and activates TLR2 to induce IL-8 secretion in neutrophils and ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells.     

T315 Decreases Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Viability through a Combination of Apoptosis Induction and Autophagic Cell Death

T315, an integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, has been shown to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer, stomach cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Here we demonstrate that T315 decreases cell viability of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (HL-60 and THP-1) and primary leukemia cells from AML patients in a dose-responsive manner. Normal human bone marrow cells are less sensitive than leukemia cells to T315. T315 down regulates protein kinase B (Akt) and p-Akt and induces caspase activation, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, apoptosis and autophagy through an ILK-independent manner. Interestingly, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors rescues cells from apoptosis and concomitant PARP cleavage, which implicates a key role of autophagic cell death in T315-mediated cytotoxicity. T315 also demonstrates efficacy in vivo, suppressing the growth of THP-1 xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice when administered intraperitoneally. This study shows that autophagic cell death and apoptosis cooperatively contribute to the anticancer activity of T315 in AML cells. In conclusion, the complementary roles of apoptotic and autophagic cell death should be considered in the future assessment of the translational value of T315 in AML therapy.     

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of trans-platinum(II) and trans-platinum(IV) complexes with 4-hydroxymethylpyridine

The synthesis and chemical characterization of two new trans platinum complexes, trans-[PtCl(2)NH(3)(4-hydroxymethylpyridine)] (1) and trans-[PtCl(4)NH(3)(4-hydroxymethylpyridine)] (2) are described. Their ability to interact with 5'-GMP by themselves and in the presence of reducing agents in the case of trans-[PtCl(4)NH(3)(4-hydroxymethylpyridine)] were tested. Circular dichroism, electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, and atomic force microscopy studies showed that the interaction of complex 1 with DNA is stronger than that of complex 2. Cytotoxicity tests against HL-60 tumor cells also showed higher activity for trans-[PtCl(2)NH(3)(4-hydroxymethylpyridine)] than for trans-[PtCl(4)NH(3)(4-hydroxymethylpyridine)]. Complex 1 presents similar behavior to cisplatin, but with a lower IC(50) at 24 h. Complex 1 also showed high apoptosis induction.     

破骨细胞抑制因子生物活性定量测定方法的建立

目的以破骨细胞为模型,建立抑制破骨细胞功能药物的生物活性定量测定方法。方法将小鼠RAW264.7和SP2/0细胞在含地塞米松和1,25(OH)2VitD3的破骨细胞诱导分化液中混合培养,通过TRAP染色鉴定破骨细胞的成熟。加入不同浓度的rhOPG-Fc,检测其对RAW264.7细胞增殖、分化和成熟破骨细胞活性的抑制作用,计算药物的IC50,并定量计算活性单位。结果rhOPG-Fc对RAW264.7细胞增殖抑制的IC50为0.02mg/L,其生物活性为50U/mg;对RAW264.7细胞分化抑制的IC50为0.02mg/L,其生物活性为50U/mg;对成熟破骨细胞活性抑制的IC50为0.18mg/L,其生物活性为5.5U/mg。结论以破骨细胞抑制因子为候选药物所建立的细胞学模型,可方便快速地定量测定破骨细胞抑制类药物的生物活性,且能协助判断药物的作用机理。     

Induction of differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells by novel nonphosphorus alkyl ether lipids

We synthesized a new series of nonphosphorus alkyl ether glycerolipids, in which the 2-acetyl group of platelet-activating factor was replaced by a pyrimidin-2-yl group and the 3-phosphocholine portion by anω-(substituted ammonio)ethoxyethyl side-chain including ω-thiazolio-, imidazolio-and pyridinio groups with or without a carboxyl substituent, respectively (compound I–XI). Their effects on cell proliferation and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were examined. Incubation of HL-60 cells with these cationic and zwitterionic alkyl ether lipids inhibited proliferation of HL-60 cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10 to 500 ng/mL. The cells were induced by the lipids to differentiate into morphologically and functionally mature granulocytes. Among the compounds we tested, 1-octadecyl-2-pyrimidinyl-3-[3-(5-carboxylatepenty)imidazolioethoxyethyl]glycerol (compound I) was the most effective in inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells. Compound I showed on a molar basis, an inhibitory effect on the leukemic cells over 50 times greater than did 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)ethyl 2-pyridinioethyl phosphate, the antileukemic alkyl ether phospholipid. Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl Ether Lipids, Tokyo, Japan, May 1989.     

Kaempferol and Its Glycoside Derivatives as Modulators of Etoposide Activity in HL-60 Cells

Kaempferol is a polyphenol found in a variety of plants. Kaempferol exerts antitumor properties by affecting proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. We investigated whether kaempferol and its glycoside derivatives—kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (P2), kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (P5) and kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (P7), isolated from aerial parts of Lens culinaris Medik.—affect the antitumor activity of etoposide in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. We analyzed the effect of kaempferol and its derivatives on cytotoxicity, DNA damage, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and free radicals induced by etoposide. We demonstrated that kaempferol increases the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to etoposide but does not affect apoptosis induced by this drug. Kaempferol also reduces the level of free radicals generated by etoposide. Unlike kaempferol, some of its derivatives reduce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells (P2 and P7) and increase the level of free radicals (P2 and P5) induced by etoposide. Our results indicate that kaempferol and its glycoside derivatives can modulate the activity of etoposide in HL-60 cells and affect its antitumor efficacy in this way. Kaempferol derivatives may have the opposite effect on the action of etoposide in HL-60 cells compared to kaempferol.     

吴茱萸碱对人结肠癌lovo细胞生长的抑制作用

目的探讨吴茱萸碱(Evodiamine,Evo)在体内外对人结肠癌lovo细胞生长的抑制作用及其机制。方法采用MTT法检测Evo对人结肠癌lovo细胞、人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞以及人肺癌A549细胞生长的影响;流式细胞术分析Evo对lovo细胞细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响;采用Evo治疗lovo细胞荷瘤裸鼠,并绘制肿瘤生长曲线;Westernblot法检测Evo对lovo细胞和肿瘤组织中Bcl-2及procaspase-3表达的影响。结果 Evo能抑制lovo细胞生长(P<0.01),促进MDA-MB-231细胞增殖(P<0.01),对A549细胞无明显作用(P>0.05);可将lovo细胞阻滞于S期(P<0.01),并呈时间依赖性诱导其凋亡(P<0.01);能抑制lovo细胞荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.05);Westernblot检测结果显示,Evo在体内外均可降低lovo细胞Bcl-2及procas-pase-3的表达。结论 Evo可通过抑制Bcl-2表达,激活caspase-3,诱导凋亡,从而抑制lovo细胞的生长。