异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应增容聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸生物降解阻隔膜的结构与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸(PBAT/PLA)共混物的增容剂,通过熔融共混法制备了PBAT/PLA/IPDI共混粒子并吹制得到薄膜。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热分析、拉伸试验、热重分析和水蒸气透过率测试等研究了不同含量IPDI对共混薄膜形态结构、结晶性能、力学性能、热性能和阻隔性能的影响。结果表明,IPDI的异氰酸酯基团能与PBAT和PLA发生化学反应,分散相尺寸变小,两相界面变得模糊,有效改善了共混物的相容性。随着IPDI含量的增加,共混物中PBAT的结晶度升高,薄膜的拉伸强度逐渐增大,水蒸气阻隔性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当IPDI质量分数为0.5%时,PBAT/PLA/IPDI薄膜的横纵向拉伸强度相较于纯PBAT/PLA薄膜分别提升了74.2%和28.6%,断裂伸长率维持在790%和244%,水蒸气透过率降低了38.2%,表现出良好的力学和水蒸气阻隔等综合性能。     

以二异氰酸酯为增容剂的聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯/聚乳酸共混材料的制备与性能

在聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯(PPC)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混体系中加入2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)作为增容剂,通过熔融共混的方法使TDI与PFC及PLA的端羟基反应形成扩链产物,制备了一系列共混物.共混物的DSC曲线及扫描电镜图表明,形成的扩链产物使该二元共混体系相容性得到明显改善,共混材料的力学性能和热性能都得到显著提高....     

投料方式对聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混物热性能及流变性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了一次性投料和分段投料的环氧基扩链剂Joncryl ADR○R4368/聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)化学共混物,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、熔体流动速率(MFR)、流变仪等研究了不同投料方式的PLA/PBS化学共混物结晶行为、热稳定性能及流变性能。FT-IR结果表明ADR与PLA/PBS发生了扩链反应;DSC结果表明,ADR的加入能使PLA/PBS化学共混物的冷结晶温度(Tc)向着高温方向移动,且当ADR含量为1.0phr时,一次性投料的Tc提高了11.93℃;随着ADR的增加,PLA/PBS化学共混物由β晶型向更稳定的α晶型转变,且一次性投料能产生更多稳定的α晶型。TG结果表明,ADR加入后,PLA/PBS化学共混物的热稳定性有提高的趋势,且与PLA/PBS物理共混物相比,PLA/PBS化学共混物的热分解温度提高了8.6℃。动态应变扫描结果表明,PLA/PBS化学共混物的储能模量(G’)随着应变(γ)的增加而减小,出现"Payne效应",当ADR含量一定时,一次性投料的剪切应变临界值γc高于分段投料的γc。动态频率扫描结果表明,ADR的加入能够增加分子链间的缠结作用,当ADR含量一定时,一次性投料的分子链间能产生更多的交联与支化结构。     

投料方式对聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混物热性能及流变性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了一次性投料和分段投料的环氧基扩链剂Joncryl ADR○R4368/聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)化学共混物,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、熔体流动速率(MFR)、流变仪等研究了不同投料方式的PLA/PBS化学共混物结晶行为、热稳定性能及流变性能。FT-IR结果表明ADR与PLA/PBS发生了扩链反应;DSC结果表明,ADR的加入能使PLA/PBS化学共混物的冷结晶温度(Tc)向着高温方向移动,且当ADR含量为1.0phr时,一次性投料的Tc提高了11.93℃;随着ADR的增加,PLA/PBS化学共混物由β晶型向更稳定的α晶型转变,且一次性投料能产生更多稳定的α晶型。TG结果表明,ADR加入后,PLA/PBS化学共混物的热稳定性有提高的趋势,且与PLA/PBS物理共混物相比,PLA/PBS化学共混物的热分解温度提高了8.6℃。动态应变扫描结果表明,PLA/PBS化学共混物的储能模量(G’)随着应变(γ)的增加而减小,出现"Payne效应",当ADR含量一定时,一次性投料的剪切应变临界值γc高于分段投料的γc。动态频率扫描结果表明,ADR的加入能够增加分子链间的缠结作用,当ADR含量一定时,一次性投料的分子链间能产生更多的交联与支化结构。     

PCL/PLLA共混体系的微相分离结构调控及力学性能和气体水蒸气阻隔性能

采用熔融共混法制备了不同聚乳酸(PLLA)组分的聚己内酯/聚乳酸(PCL/PLLA)非均相共混薄膜,研究了其力学性能、气体和水蒸气阻隔性能,并探讨了共混物相结构与各阻隔性能之间的关系。结果表明,不同PLLA共混比例的PCL/PLLA共混膜形成了具有不同相分离结构的非均相体系。当PLLA共混比例高于50%时,共混薄膜体系的相分离结构和相容性得到改善,共混膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量大幅度增加,同时保持了较高的断裂伸长率,而气体和水蒸气透过性却明显降低。相比于纯PCL,PCL/PLLA(75)共混膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别达到68.1 MPa和1136.4 MPa,较PCL分别增加了166%和289%;5℃时,PCL/PLLA(75)共混膜的O_2和CO_2透过系数分别降低了70%和87%;此外,在室温条件下,PCL/PLLA(75)共混膜的水蒸气透过系数降低了31%。     

PCL/PPC共混膜性能研究

目的提高聚己内酯(PCL)薄膜对氧气及水蒸汽的阻隔性。方法利用双螺杆挤出机,对PCL与聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)进行共混挤出制备薄膜材料,并对PCL/PPC共混膜的相容、热学、阻隔及力学等性能进行测量。结果当PPC含量较少或较多时,PCL与PPC具有一定的相容性,而在中间含量时出现了相分离;PCL/PPC薄膜对氧气的透过系数和水蒸气的透过率随着PPC含量的增加而降低;PPC的加入提高了PCL的强度及模量,在共混比例较小时,共混膜有相对较好的抗撕裂性能。结论添加适量的PPC能使PCL表现出更好的氧气和水蒸汽阻隔性及较好的力学性能。     

PP/POE共混物的热行为与晶态结构

采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备了不同组成的聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-辛烯弹性体(POE)共混物,利用差示扫描量热仪、偏光显微镜和广角X射线衍射系统研究了共混物的热行为与晶态结构。结果表明PP与POE之间具有一定的相容性,POE的异相成核作用提高了共混物中PP的结晶温度和结晶速率,有效地诱导β晶型PP的形成,增大了共混物中α晶型和β晶型PP的晶面表观厚度。另一方面,由于POE与PP之间存在较强的相互作用,POE大分子链使PP分子链的扩散和堆积受阻,从而导致PP/POE共混物总结晶度的降低。     

退火对聚乳酸/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混物结晶行为的影响

以丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)和聚乳酸(PLA)为基体制备共混体系,研究了不同配比的共混物在结晶和非晶状态下力学性能的差异,以及不同的PLA/ACM配比、退火温度和退火时间对共混物结晶行为的影响。结果表明,在淬火和退火条件下,ACM的加入都会使PLA/ACM共混体系的拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率上升,但退火条件下,共混物的结晶减弱了ACM对共混物力学性能的影响。ACM含量低时促进共混物中PLA的结晶。纯PLA在退火温度为110℃、退火时间为15 min时,形成稳定的α晶型,ACM的加入,使PLA产生α'晶型。随着退火时间的延长和退火温度的升高,共混物的结晶度提高,且升高退火温度对结晶度的影响更明显。     

PLA/PCL共混膜的制备及性能研究

目的研究PCL含量对PLA/PCL共混包装膜性能的影响,以改善PLA的韧性。方法将不同质量比的PLA和PCL树脂均匀混合,而后熔融挤出吹膜制得PLA/PCL共混膜。对制得的共混膜进行力学性能测试,获得拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,再通过扫描电镜分析观察其微观断面,采用DSC测试分析其熔融结晶行为,通过氧气透过性能和透湿性能的测试获得其阻隔性能。结果通过扫描电镜与红外光谱发现,PLA与PCL为两相结构,界面不相容;力学性能显示当PCL的质量少于20%时,对PLA的增韧效果不明显;当PCL的质量为50%时,PLA的断裂伸长率从2.9%提高到290%;DSC结果发现,PCL的加入有助于降低PLA的玻璃化转变温度,提高结晶度;阻隔性能结果表明,随着PCL质量比的增大,共混膜的氧气透过系数和透湿系数下降,阻隔性得到提高。结论 PCL的加入能提高PLA的韧性,当PCL与PLA质量比为3∶7时,共混膜具有最佳的性能。     

聚碳酸亚丙酯与聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯共混型全生物降解材料的结构与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)和聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBv)的共混物,采用DSC、电子拉伸机、扫描电镜等手段系统研究了共混物配比对体系热性能、力学性能、界面形貌的影响。采用套管上吹法将共混物吹塑成膜。DSC结果显示共混物为部分相容体系。扫描电镜照片显示PHBv分散相均匀分散在PPC基体中。共混物薄膜的力学性能较PPC有大幅增强。纯PPC吹膜性能不稳定,力学性能和耐热性能差,而PPC/PHBv共混物吹膜性能稳定,可以获得力学性能和耐热性能较好的膜材料,在包装、生物医用材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中添加成分的研究现状

简要介绍了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的基本结构和组成,重点阐述了各种添加成分的加入方法和加入量对材料组织和性能的影响。     

Mechanism of arsenate coprecipitation at the solid/liquid interface of ferrihydrite: A perspective review

Arsenate (As(V)) is a toxic element in acid mine drainage and has to be removed during the neutralization process. Coprecipitation with ferrihydrite is the main mechanism for As(V) removal from acid mine drainage. To improve treatment efficiency, a quantitative understanding of the coprecipitation mechanism is required. Coprecipitation can incorporate more As(V) into ferrihydrite than adsorption. The results of XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and XANES (X-ray Adsorption Near Edge Structure) analysis confirmed that the formation of poorly crystalline ferric arsenate increased when the initial As/Fe molar ratio increased in the coprecipitation with ferrihydrite. EXAFS (Extended X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure) analysis at the iron K-edge showed that the proportion of octahedral structures in ferrihydrite increased when the initial As/Fe molar ratio increased. Moreover, EXAFS analysis at the arsenic K-edge, assuming three kinds of surface complexes for the AsFe bond, revealed that the coordination number for AsFe with an atomic distance of 2.85 × 10⁻¹⁰ m increased and that for As-Fe with an atomic distance of 3.24 × 10⁻¹⁰ m decreased as the initial As/Fe molar ratio increased. Thus, for more efficient wastewater treatment, active control of coprecipitation phenomena according to mechanistic details is essential.     

Electronic structure of YBa2Cu3O7 and YBa2Cu3O6—charge-self-consistent band structure calculations

Charge self-consistent LCAO band structure (CSCBS) calculations are reported for orthorhombic YBa₂Cu₃O₇ and tetragonal YBa₂Cu₃O₆ assuming ordered vacancy models. The effective atomic charges are used to study the charge transfer. In YBa₂Cu(1)₁Cu(2)₂O₇, the two types of copper atoms have their energy bands almost overlapping with effective valency of each copper as 7/3 (or effective valency of each oxygen as approximately — 13/7), so that electron hopping can take place without any loss or gain of energy while in YBa₂Cu(1)₁Cu(2)₂O₆, Cu(1)₁ is monovalent and Cu(2)₂ are divalent with significant difference in their bands. Therefore, YBa₂Cu₃O₇ should conduct much better compared to YBa₂Cu₃O₆. This corroborates the experimental observations that YBa₂Cu₃O₇ is a (super)conductor while YBa₂Cu₃O₆ is not. The calculated effective charges and DOS support the above view.     

Recent progress in the design and fabrication of multifunctional structures based on metamaterials

Metamaterials, with unconventional properties realized through various ingenious designs of micro-architectures, have become a recent research hotspot in the fields of electromagnetics, acoustics, mechanics, and physics. Since the integration of mechanical features and specific functions is still a challenge, the application of metamaterials has so far been limited. The research in relevant areas has shown a clear trend of incorporating the multifunctional design into a single integrated structure. Here, we review the latest advances in the design and fabrication of multifunctional structures based on metamaterials, covering three main aspects, i.e., the direct design of mechanical metamaterials and their multifunctional structures, the intelligent multifunctional structures with shape-shifting capabilities, the metamaterials-based design to achieve both the load bearing capability and other specific functions. We emphasize the important roles that the mechanics-driven designs play, as well as the mechanisms and other key aspects behind the multifunctional structures. The structure-level innovations could not only improve multifunctional features, but also pave the way to function fusion structures that allow the incorporation of ‘conflicting’ functions into a single structure.     

粘弹性阻尼器控制的框架结构弹塑性地震响应分析

针对框架结构，采用粘弹性阻尼器来控制其地震响应，提出了粘弹性阻尼器的等效刚度矩阵和等效附加粘弹性力向量的概念，推导了子结构平面内的粘弹性阻尼器的有限元计算公式，在此基础上，提出了结构等效附加粘弹性力荷载的概念，采用拟外荷载法对安装了粘弹性阻尼器的框架结构的弹塑性地震响应进行了计算分析，开发了计算受粘弹性阻尼器控制的框架结构的动力特性、受控框架结构的地震弹性响应、受控框架结构的地震弹塑性响应的计算机程序。应用所开发的计算程序对一框架结构在粘弹性阻尼器控制下的地震响应进行了计算，计算表明，粘弹性阻尼器可以有效地控制框架结构的地震响应、采用拟外荷载法可以有效地求解受控结构的运动方程。     

从结构鉴定看照相有机物的发展

本文回顾了近二十几年来感光材料生产技术发展和进步的历程中，在研究开发新型照相有机物方面所取得的重大进展，通过对国外先进彩色胶片中新颖有机物的剖析和结构研究，阐述了当今世界上照相有机物的最新发展动态。     

Microstructure Characteristics of Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) that use pure Mg or Mg alloy as anode and materials allowing Mg ions to insert/extract as cathode have many advantages such as high energy density, environmental friendliness, low cost, and safety of handling. RMBs are regarded as a promising candidate for portable power sources and heavy load energy devices. However, there are still some technological issues impeding their commercial application. The most important issue is the absence of applicable cathode materials because of the high charge density, strong polarization effect, and very slow insertion/extraction speed of Mg²⁺ ions. In recent years, the research reports on the cathode materials of RMBs have increased significantly. Here, an extensive number of research papers are reviewed in terms of the microstructure characteristics of cathode materials for RMBs. The status and issues of cathode materials are analyzed and discussed in detail. The future development directions and perspectives are prospected for providing an understanding of the related research activities on RMBs.     

六方硼碳氮制备方法研究进展

B-C-N 材料的提出是由于氮化硼和碳材料具有特殊的优异性能,通过对不同结构 B-C-N 材料的研究发现,组成结构的差异导致其物理化学性能发生很大变化。其中,h-BCN 由于其禁带宽度和半导体特性可调而尤为引人关注。h-BCN 有平面和层状两种结构,基于目前两种结构的 h-BCN 制备方法的最新研究进展,简述了材料的结构、生长机理、性质和应用前景,分析了反应原料、温度和时间对 h-BCN 形成的影响,最后介绍了 h-BCN 亟待解决的问题和发展方向。     

闪锌矿结构YB的半金属性的第一性原理研究

采用广义梯度近似加优化的贝克-琼森势作为交换关联势进行第一性原理计算,研究闪锌矿结构YB化合物的电子结构和半金属性。结果表明闪锌矿结构YB是一个典型的半金属铁磁体,其半金属隙为2.7meV,体系的总磁矩为每分子2.00μB。体系的总磁矩主要源于B原子的p轨道电子,B原子的p轨道电子和Y原子的d轨道电子杂化是形成半金属性质的主要原因。稳定的铁磁相、晶格常数压缩稳定性以及负的结合能,都预示着闪锌矿结构YB是具有潜在应用前景的半金属铁磁体。