液混式膨化硝铵炸药生产安全性研究

文章研究了液混式膨化硝铵炸药生产工艺的安全性。将86％-94％的氧化剂硝酸铵与可燃剂复合油相于100-125℃在液态状态下进行混合,得到悬浮状混合分散体系,再采用连续真空喷雾干燥工艺,脱除体系中的水分,制得了高性能粉状膨化硝铵炸药。该文讨论了液混式膨化硝铵炸药产品的组分相容性、机械感度、热感度和静电感度,分析了液混式工艺生产过程中的安全性,这对指导膨化硝铵炸药生产线的技术改造和安全生产,具有重要的现实意义。     

液混式膨化硝铵炸药生产技术研究

文章研究液混式生产工艺制备膨化硝铵炸药。将86%-94%的氧化剂硝酸铵与可燃剂复合油相于100-120℃,在液态状态下进行混合,得到悬浮状混合分散体系,再采用连续真空干燥工艺,脱除体系中的水分,制得了高性能膨化硝铵炸药。论文讨论了年产2万吨液混式膨化硝铵炸药生产线的工艺流程、设备设计和生产过程控制,这对指导生产线建设和生产过程产品质量控制具有重要的现实意义。     

粉状乳化炸药废药回收技术的研究

文章分析了粉状乳化炸药不合格品几种常用返工方法存在的局限性和制约因素,提出了高温条件下,机械搅拌迫使粉状乳化炸药破乳的新技术,再运用分液的原理将密度不同、互不相溶的硝酸铵过饱和溶液与复合油相分离开来,最后将分离得到的硝酸铵过饱和溶液作为工业炸药原材料使用。试验表明,该技术安全可靠,且用分离的液态硝酸铵生产的产品性能符合产品标准。     

改进型岩石粉状铵油炸药生产技术的研究

文章分析了"利用复合改性剂对硝酸铵进行改性的同时,用硝酸铵水溶液对木粉进行浸泡、烘干处理,用复合油相代替普通岩石粉状铵油炸药中的柴油,采用二段轮碾工艺生产改进型岩石粉状铵油炸药"的生产技术.试验结果表明,运用该技术生产的岩石粉状铵油炸药,其各项性能指标均达到或优于2号岩石铵梯炸药标准水平.比之2号岩石铵梯炸药,其原料成本大大降低;更主要的是由于该产品不含梯恩梯,利于环境保护,社会效益显著.     

爆炸复合现场混装炸药工艺参数研究

针对以成品炸药改性加工制备爆炸焊接专用炸药的复杂工艺,提出并成功开发了一种"多孔粉状铵油冷混"新工艺,仅采用多孔粒状硝酸铵、密度调节剂和柴油3个组分,在国内外首次实现了金属板材爆炸复合加工专用炸药的现场混装,结合配套新型现场混装炸药车的研制,解决了粉状物料在混装车料仓中容易蓬料成拱、不易输送的工艺问题,实现了炸药配方及成套工艺技术的工业化应用。     

十八胺在粉状硝铵炸药中的应用

在4号岩石粉状铵梯油炸药生产技术的基础上,利用复合改性剂以及适量的十八胺对硝酸铵进行改性处理,提高炸药的分散度,改善炸药爆炸性能,减少或消除炸药中的有毒物质梯思梯,利于环境保护,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

稳定铵梯油炸药质量的探讨

为了改善工业粉状铵梯炸药生产过程中硝酸铵吸湿结块、有毒粉尘飞扬和环境污染等状况,四川省民爆器材归口部门自1987年起有计划地从长沙矿冶研究院引进了“岩石粉状铵梯油炸药”技术。铵梯油炸药的组成与2号岩石铵梯炸药相比,减少TNT 36％～54％,生产工艺也有较大变化,要保证铵梯油炸药的各项性能指标达到2号岩石粉状铵梯炸药的标准难度较大。我省多数厂开始一年     

提高连续膨化硝铵炸药密度与流散性的探讨

在膨化硝铵炸药生产线硝酸铵溶解罐中引入1.5%~4.3%的重质燃料油,实现重质燃料油与硝酸铵溶液的液—液混合,可提高膨化硝酸铵密度0.04 g/cm3,增加膨化硝酸铵感度4 cm;在膨化工序中引入粉状硝酸铵,与膨化硝酸铵比例按6∶4加入,可进一步提高产品密度0.08g/cm3;加入矿物粉添加剂5%,烷胺类盐0.2%~0.6%,能够有效提高膨化炸药产品流散性。     

用DSC法研究混入煤粉的铵油炸药相容性

为了研究混入煤粉的铵油炸药的相容性以及煤粉与铵油炸药之间的相互作用,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了铵油炸药、混入煤粉的铵油炸药、硝酸铵和混入煤粉的硝酸铵的热分解特性。用Kissinger方程求解了铵油炸药和混入煤粉的铵油炸药的表观活化能(E_a),考察了煤粉与铵油炸药的化学相容性。研究结果表明:在常压氮气氛围的环境中,铵油炸药和硝酸铵的DSC曲线中的热分解均为吸热峰;当煤粉和硝酸铵混合后,煤粉与硝酸铵会在硝酸铵的热分解温度之前发生化学反应,随着煤粉含量的提高,硝酸铵的热分解逐渐转变为放热峰,说明煤粉能极大地降低硝酸铵的热稳定性;使用DSC法研究混入煤粉的铵油炸药相容性等级为4级,煤粉与铵油炸药的相容性差。     

文摘

<正>1防水粒状炸药组成日本专利,JP2002 60293,2002年2月26日,共6页(日文)这种防水炸药由多孔粒状硝酸铵和微球(microbalcon)组成。多孔粒状硝酸铵用粉状硝酸铵和聚合物包覆,并在包覆后固化。这种炸药具有和铵油炸药(ANFO)一样的处理特性。2使用直接稀释技术制备超细颗粒炸药的研究《火炸药学报》,2001,24(4),46-47(中文)介绍了使用直接稀释制备超细颗粒炸药方法的基本原理。试验了超细太安(PETN)和黑索今     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.