集成化车间作业计划动态关键路径编制算法

针对单件小批生产加工装配式制造的特点,结合车间作业计划与物料需求计划的集成化管控需求,提出了基于生产过程网络图的动态关键路径作业计划编制算法.算法按照零部件加工装配过程中的工艺顺序和装配关系,将计划期内订单的形成过程抽象化为生产过程网络图,并将物料需求计划映射为网络图中的节点,进行生产能力控制和加工装配约束.以生产过程网络图为作业计划编制的对象模型,以订单的交货期为依据,采用倒排的方式,通过动态寻找网络图中的关键路径来确定车间作业计划顺序和资源分配.通过某密封产品生产企业机加车间生产计划编制的实例,证明了该算法能快速有效地在有限生产能力条件下编制高效可行的车间作业计划,保证作业计划与物料需求计划的一致性.     

单件小批生产的网络计划/MRP研究与实现

对单小批类型生产制定合理可行的生产计划及对其进行有效地控制是一类极其复杂的问题，在分析该类企业生产主要特点的基础上，建立由主件网络图及其约束的子项目构成的单件小批项目的结构模型，提出了一种网络计划和MRP相结合的生产计划与控制模式，给出了子项目的MRP分解算法和一个具体实例。     

基于物料清单/工艺清单的网络图绘制方法

网络计划与MRP结合可以有效地解决大型单件小批混合生产模式企业的生产管理问题。其结合的关键是要建立任务活动网络图与物流清单/工艺清单之间的映射关系，针对这一问题，提出了一种基于物料清单/工艺清单的网络图绘制方法，并具体设计与实现了该方法。     

基于敏捷制造的思想的车间生产计划分解算法

根据单件小批生产模式的特点，对车间生产计划分解中所需的产品结构、物料清单、工艺路线和工作中心等相关生产要素进行理论分析和数学建模，并在此基础上提出了基于敏捷制造的车间生产计划分解算法，以实现生产负载均衡、减少等待时间和提高系统资源利用率等综合指标的优化。     

大型机械装备基于项目制造的生产计划模式

针对大型装备面向订单设计(ETO)生产过程的复杂性和不确定性,分析了装备制造企业生产过程计划与控制的特点与要求,提出面向项目制造的分级生产计划管理模型,实现项目计划与生产过程物料管理的集成.通过构建基于装配单元的复杂产品装配网络图,反映复杂产品的完整装配过程,满足装备产品多层次、多阶段生产过程的需求,结合倒排和顺排计划方式的产品总装的项目主计划,为合理预测和安排装配提前期、控制零/部件进装成套性提供计划指导.面向项目制造的生产计划模式实现大型机械装备产品设计、生产准备和产品制造等多个过程的协同管理.以产品项目为对象提高生产过程计划和控制的整体统筹性.     

产品网络计划及其算法的研究

研究了产品网络计划及其特点,以实际应用为背景,提出了从工艺设计到产品网络计划的转换算法,通过分解工艺信息和物料信息,计算提前期和关键路径,完成从工艺设计到生产管理的产品网络计划的转换。另外,在产品网络计划的基础上提出了一个工时能力平衡的模型并设计了一个近似求解算法。设计实现的系统弥补了计算机辅助工艺规划无法和生产直接关联、生产计划管理系统又无法自动生成计划的缺陷,为工艺设计和生产计划建立起通信的桥梁,在实际生产中有着广泛的应用前景。     

基于通用生产结构的物料和过程清单集成模型研究

针对通常MRPⅡ／ERP系统中由于产品结构数据和生产过程数据没有完全集成而造成物料需求、能力需求和计划调度等相关的生产活动被分隔考虑的情况,提出了基于生产计划的PPGBOMP模型,将静态的产品结构数据和动态的生产过程数据统一在此模型中,并引入通用生产结构（GPS）来表征零部件齐套过程跟踪中物料清单和过程清单之间的物料逻辑关系。GPS为不同层次的产品结构、多样性参数及不同取值的产品变型提供了一个通用的表示方法。通过采用参数取值约束的形式来定义分解规则和计划规则,对所有的多样性参数都利用产品所分解的最低层物料编码来进行赋值,从而大大简化了多样性表示中不同变量间的协调问题,并利用多样性参数及其取值的集合实现了产品变量与其操作变量之间的一致性。     

基于消耗链的钢铁集团物料需求计划模型

钢铁生产过程中存在物料组分、重量、物料工序耗损差异等因素,合理、准确地制定面向工序的物料需求计划是个技术难题。以工艺路线及排产量为依据,建立从原材料、半成品到产成品过程中各作业工序与物料消耗关系的消耗链关系模型;以消耗链关系模型为基础,应用投入产出法,给出面向消耗链中各工序的原料需求供应计划量,从而形成面向生产全过程的钢铁生产物料需求计划。该模型为钢铁生产降低在制品库存量并保证生产的连续性提供了技术方法。     

非量产模式下基于约束加优先权值调度技术与算法

根据面向网络协同制造的需要及非量产的特点,对该生产模式进行一种新的调度目标并行分解,提出了"先于完成"时间约束Cfnlt和"先于开始"时间约束Csnlt、目标链接约束Cchina以及目标链Cchina等概念定义.在此基础上分析了协作多目标时的物料资源竞争和设备资源竞争,提出了基于约束的加优先权值调度算法,该算法能有效解决非量产模式下的排程调度问题.     

基于敏捷制造思想的车间生产计划分解算法

根据单件小批生产模式的特点,对车间生产计划分解中所需的产品结构、物料清单、工艺路线和工作中心等相关生产要素进行理论分析和数学建模,并在此基础上提出了基于敏捷制造的车间生产计划分解算法,以实现生产负载均衡、减少等待时间和提高系统资源利用率等综合指标的优化。     

Developing an Integration Framework to Support the Information Flow Between PDM and MRP

Integrating various kinds of business application has attracted much attention in the business to business (B2B) market. The integration of the production planning functions and engineering design functions is an important area which has been addressed recently by some major enterprises. This paper proposes a methodology to support the integration of information flow between the applications of product data management (PDM) and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). A three-level structure including model development, model analysis, and system implementation was developed. An approach applying the concepts of semantic similarity to find the "common" objects used in different business applications was also proposed. These objects were used as a buffer for the information integration. In addition, a set of business rules was developed to govern the information flow between PDM and MRP. The proposed methodology has been implemented by integrating two commercial PDM and MRP software modules.     

MRP与JIT推拉结合生产管理应用研究

物料需求计划(MRP)是一个良好的"推"式生产计划系统,准时生产(JIT)是一个良好的"拉"式作业控制系统,两者结合的生产方式一直是研究的热点,也逐渐被一些企业采用。从MRP与JIT的生产管理特点入手,研究两者的优劣势互补性,设计MRP与JIT推拉结合生产模式和执行方案,并结合汽配行业特点,分析这种新模式的有效性。结果表明:两者结合的生产模式给企业生产计划、库存管理和柔性化生产带来了很大改进,取得了不错的成效。     

Developing a Computer-Aided Environment to Investigate the Influences of Design Schedule Changes on Material Requirement Planning

Recently, the concepts of concurrent engineering have been implemented in many manufacturing areas. However, very few efforts were addressed to linking design procedures and material requirement planning (MRP). In general, an engineering change (EC) might have an influence on the material requirements as well as on the inventory, and hence might affect the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the material status during the EC stage. This concept has formed a new area for concurrent engineering, that is design for MRP (DFMRP). In this paper, a computer-aided environment that integrates a product data management (PDM) module and an MRP module, to support DFMRP has been proposed. The major function of this environment is to investigate the influence of EC schedule changes on MRP. In other words, this environment provides the information about the influence on MRP when the starting time or finishing time of certain EC tasks have been altered. A process model was developed to describe the relations between EC and production management tasks. In addition, an integration module was developed to extract the related information from PDM and MRP, and to analyse the possible influence on MRP based on the process model. The analysed results can be used as reference information for project management in PDM.     

基于MRP和OPT的集成计划与控制系统

根据多品种、中小批量离散型生产企业的特点，分析生产计划与控制模式对企业生产系统柔性的影响，对ＯＰＴ的理论和方法作总体介绍，提出以ＭＲＰ和ＯＰＴ为基础的集成计划与控制系统总体模型──“漏斗模型”，它是获得动态提前期的简便方法，同时，利用该模型得到的工作负荷状态信息，可以方便地确定出“瓶颈”工序。     

Production planning of a flexible manufacturing system in a material requirements planning environment

Early flexible manufacturing system (FMS) production planning models exhibited a variety of planning objectives; typically, these objectives were independent of the overall production environment. More recently, some researchers have proposed hierarchical production planning and scheduling models for FMS. In this article, we examine production planning of FMS in a material requirements planning (MRP) environment. We propose a hierarchical structure that integrates FMS production planning into a closed-loop MRP system. This structure gives rise to the FMS/MRP rough-cut capacity planning (FMRCP) problem, the FMS/MRP grouping and loading (FMGL) problem, and the FMS/MRP detailed scheduling problem.We examine the FMRCP and FMGL problems in detail and present mathematical programming models for each of these problems. In particular, the FMRCP problem is modeled as a generalized assignment problem (GAP), and a GAP-based heuristic procedure is defined for the problem. We define a two-phase heuristic for the FMGL problem and present computational experience with both heuristics. The FMRCP heuristic is shown to solve problems that exhibit a dependent-demand relation within the FMS and with FMS capacity utilization as high as 99 percent. The FMGL heuristic requires very little CPU time and obtains solutions to the test problems that are on average within 1.5 percent of a theoretical lower bound.This FMS/MRP production planning framework, together with the resulting models, constitutes an important step in the integration of FMS technology with MRP production planning. The hierarchical planning mechanism directly provides for system-level MRP planning priorities to induce appropriate production planning and control objectives on the FMS while simultaneously allowing for necessary feedback from the FMS. Moreover, by demonstrating the tractability of the FMRCP and FMGL problems, this research establishes the necessary groundwork upon which to explore systemwide issues pertaining to the coordination of the hierarchical structure.     

基于MRP思想的生产辅助工具需求计划模式研究

以机械加工车间生产辅助工具需求计划为研究对象,依据MRP物料需求计划原理,通过将生产辅助工具绑定到工艺路线的方式,建立了一种生产辅助工具需求计划模式,给出了生产辅助工具需求计划的计算逻辑,使得生产辅助工具的采购、库存和使用更加符合企业生产计划的安排,提高了生产辅助工具的使用效率,在满足生产需要的前提下,降低了生产辅助工具的库存。     

汽车车身冲压生产线生产安排系统的开发

本汽车车身冲压生产线生产安排系统采用一种非线性规划模型对生产安排进行优化,在此基础上将车间的生产安排实现计算机管理,并提供了和MRPⅡ等企业级管理计划衔接的平台。这里详细论述了系统的总体结构及具体实现。