数字滤波器的Matlab设计与应用

数字滤波在数字信号处理中占有极其重要的地位,并且被广泛应用。研究了在Matlab环境下FIR数字滤波器的设计方法以及FIR滤波器在信号去噪方面的应用。Matlab因其强大的数据处理功能被广泛应用于工程计算,其丰富的工具箱为工程计算提供了便利,利用Matlab信号处理工具箱可以快速有效地设计各种数字滤波器,设计简单方便。     

基于高速采样的实时DDC架构技术

近年来,随着混合域示波器技术的发展,示波器既要实现传统示波器的功能,又要实现频域、调制域功能,这样在数字域信号处理中需要实现实时数字下变频（DDC）功能,实时DDC技术是实现示波器向频域和调制域功能扩展的基础,可以实现示波器的增值应用,大大扩大示波器的应用领域。本文根据高速信号采样的特点,给出了实时DDC技术架构,该架构由数字正交混频、FIR1-FIR3滤波器、HB1-HB10滤波器组成,对于20GSa/s采样数据流而言,最高支持1.25GSa/s I/Q数据流输出,最低305 kSa/s I/Q数据流输出,可满足绝大多数应用场景。对数字正交混频、FIR1滤波器、FIR2滤波器、FIR3滤波器、HB滤波器进行详细设计分析,给出了实现架构,对于FIR和HB滤波器,还给出了最佳滤波器阶数及其幅频响应曲线。对于数字正交混频、FIR1-FIR3滤波器,由于其数字速率超过了FPGA正常工作时钟范围,通过多路并行处理的手段实现信号处理。最后使用矢量信号分析软件对DDC的13种I/Q速率下的EVM性能进行了评估,分别评估了载波频率1.5GHz和3GHz的EVM性能,通过评估,EVM值大部分集中在0.5%以下,可满足使用需求。     

罗兰C前端数字带通滤波器设计与实现

分析了罗兰C信号的特征,并根据信号特征决定选用FIR滤波器,利用MATLAB工具设计了满足滤波要求的高阶数字带通滤波器。详细研究了分布式算法的原理和分布式算法在FPGA上实现FIR数字滤波器的方法。最终采用改进的分布式算法在FPGA上实现了127阶FIR数字带通滤波器。利用实际采集的信号进行仿真和现场测试,结果均显示由该方法设计的滤波器性能良好,方法简单易行,相对于传统的乘累加结构不仅能节省硬件资源,而且可以改善数据处理速度,具有一定的推广价值。     

基于MA型分布式算法的高阶FIR滤波器设计及其FPGA实现

针对利用现有分布式算法在FPGA上实现高阶FIR滤波器时,存在资源消耗量过大和运行速度慢等问题,提出一种新型高阶FIR滤波器的FPGA实现方法。首先综合采用多相分解结构、流水线等技术对高阶FIR滤波器进行降阶处理,然后采用提出的基于二输入开关和加法器对的分布式算法结构(MA型DA结构)实现降阶后的FIR滤波器。利用ISE10.1在Xilinx Xc2vp30 7ff896 FPGA开发板上实现了一系列8阶到256阶的串行和并行结构FIR滤波器。实验结果表明,该方法有效地减少了系统的资源消耗,提高了系统的时序性能。     

基于FPGA的数字射频存储器的研究

在电子对抗技术中,数字射频存储器(DRFM)是其中的核心部分;文中设计中给出了一种基于FPGA控制的数字射频存储器的实现方法,首先通过正交下变频组件将1.8GHz～2.2GHz的射频信号转变为两路正交的中频信号,经过相位量化处理后进行存储;信号还原的过程与之正好相反,由FPGA控制DDS芯片产生30kHz的多普勒频移信号,然后与FPGA产生的两路正交信号进行混频,最后再将信号上变频为1.8GHz～2.2GHz的射频信号后输出;此时的信号已经叠加了多普勒频移信息.     

基于FPGA流水线分布式算法的FIR滤波器的实现

提出了一种采用现场可编程门阵列器件(FPGA)并利用窗函数法实现线性FIR数字滤波器的设计方案,并以一个十六阶低通FIR数字滤波器电路的实现为例说明了利用Xilinx公司的Virtex-E系列芯片的设计过程。对于在FPGA中实现FIR滤波器的关键———乘加运算,给出了将乘加运算转化为查找表的分布式算法。设计的电路通过软件进行了验证并进行了硬件仿真,结果表明:电路工作正确可靠,能满足设计要求。     

基于DSP Builder的FIR滤波器设计与实现

针对FIR数字滤波器的基本原理和结构特点,利用DSP Builder软件设计了32阶低通FIR滤波器,对该滤波器的性能进行了仿真,并将设计下载到FPGA中进行了硬件测试,测试结果表明:采用该方法设计FIR滤波器简单易行,可缩短设计进程,设计出的滤波器的性能稳定可靠,达到了预期目标.     

基于多平台的FIR数字带通滤波器设计及验证

研究有限长单位脉冲响应滤波技术,是超声回波信号处理中滤除噪声的关键问题。有限长单位脉冲响应滤波技术与无限长单位脉冲响应滤波技术相比,只在原点上存在极点具有全局稳定性。分别在多平台下建立FIR数字带通滤波模型,仿真得到滤波前后的波形,由波形对比判定方法的带通滤波效果。再将在Matlab设计中得到的数据文件导入FPGA中,经VHDL编程获得两种环境下的时域仿真图,判定上述环境下的滤波效果。根据参数设置要求在带通滤波器中测试多种频率下的脉冲波形,进行试验验证。表明Matlab和FPGA多平台开发下的FIR数字带通滤波器具有很好的滤波效果。     

信号FIR数字滤波后相位延迟的消除

针对信号处理中采用FIR数字滤波器对信号进行滤波后将产生相位延迟的现象,从FIR数字滤波器的相位特性出发,分析并推导了产生这种延迟现象的原因,得到了FIR数字滤波器的阶数和相位延迟的关系。采用基于波形匹配的数据扩展的方法对原始的信号进行端点延拓,再对延拓后的信号进行FIR滤波,可以很好地消除这种相位延迟的现象。Matlab仿真结果证明运用该方法滤波后的信号相位与原始信号相位一致,相位延迟被消除了。通过对信号的Simulink仿真实验及分析,也证实该方法可以有效消除FIR数字滤波器产生的相位延迟。     

利用改进DA算法FIR滤波器的仿真与实现

针对传统乘法运算在FPGA中占用大量硬件资源的弊端,根据FIR滤波器的线性特性,对串行、并行和改进的分布式算法进行研究,利用改进分布式算法在FPGA上对FIR滤波器进行设计,通过查表法完成FIR滤波器的设计,用改进分布式算法设计了16阶FIR滤波器,并在Quartus II 7.0下进行仿真,仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,该方法能够有效减少硬件资源的使用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。