淬速对Ni-Mn-Ga快淬合金相变的影响

采用快淬技术制备了Ni-Mn-Ga薄带合金,研究了不同淬速对Ni-Mn-Ga快淬合金相变过程的影响.结果表明,快淬合金具有典型的热弹性马氏体相变过程,但合金的马氏体相变开始温度Ms比铸态合金的有所降低,并随淬速的升高,快淬合金的Ms逐渐降低.Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变的热力学分析表明:快淬合金晶粒愈细小,Ms愈低;快淬工艺不改变合金的晶体结构;在不同淬速的快淬合金中有以(400)晶面为择优取向的织构存在.     

Ni43Co7Mn41Sn9高温形状记忆合金薄带的结构和相变

采用单辊快淬法制备了名义成分为Ni₄₃Co₇Mn₄₁Sn₉的高温形状记忆合金薄带,并对其微观组织结构和马氏体相变进行了研究.结果表明,薄带发生一步热弹性马氏体相变,经高温热处理后马氏体相变温度达到160℃.制备态薄带的晶粒为微米级,大小不一,介于2—18μm之间,与块体母合金相比晶粒明显细化,且大部分晶粒沿垂直薄带表面方向生长.室温下,薄带（消除内应力后）为正方结构的非调制马氏体,马氏体变体内部由孪晶亚结构组成.热处理后薄带的相变温度有所下降,但随着热处理温度的升高基本保持不变.     

激冷Ti-47Ni合金薄带的组织、相变和形状记忆行为

为了开发微机电系统用快响应微执行器材料,采用熔体快淬法制备了激冷Ti-47Ni(原子分数,%)形状记忆合金薄带,利用CLSM、XRD、DSC和弯曲实验研究了铜辊速率和退火工艺对Ti-47Ni合金薄带显微组织、相组成、相变行为和形状记忆行为的影响。结果表明,不同辊速制备的铸态和300~800℃退火态Ti-47Ni合金薄带的显微组织均呈纵横排列的柱状,辊速越高合金薄带的晶粒越细,退火工艺对合金薄带显微组织影响不大。Ti-47Ni合金薄带的组成相为马氏体(B19'相,单斜结构)+母相(B2相,Cs Cl型结构),冷却/加热时发生B2→B19'/B19'→B2一阶段马氏体相变,正、逆马氏体相变温度分别约为54和81℃,相变热滞约为27℃。随辊速增加,合金薄带马氏体相变温度降低,形状记忆恢复率提高。随退火温度升高,合金薄带相变行为变化不大,形状记忆恢复率在93%~98%之间变化。铸态和退火态Ti-47Ni合金薄带皆具有优异的形状记忆效应。     

激冷富钛Ti-Ni合金薄带的组织、相变和形状记忆行为

用熔体快淬法制备了激冷Ti-x Ni(x=45,46,48,49,49.5%,原子分数)形状记忆合金薄带,用SEM、XRD、示差扫描热分析仪和弯曲试验研究了合金薄带的显微组织、相组成、相变行为和形状记忆行为。结果表明:铸态及450℃、500℃退火态激冷富钛Ti-Ni合金薄带的组织形态呈树枝状,亚结构为孪晶,Ni含量和中温退火对合金薄带显微组织影响不大;合金薄带的组成相为马氏体M(B19')+母相A(B2),冷却/加热时发生A→M/M→A一阶段马氏体相变;随Ni含量增加,激冷富钛Ti-Ni合金薄带的马氏体相变温度(T_M)缓慢升高,当Ni含量超过49%后,TM温度急剧下降;Ti-46Ni、Ti-48Ni和Ti-49Ni合金薄带具有较高的相变温度,Ti-45Ni、Ti-46Ni和Ti-48Ni合金薄带具有较小的相变热滞;铸态和中温退火态激冷富钛Ti-Ni合金薄带皆具有优异的形状记忆效应。     

快速凝固Ni61Al24Mn15高温形状记忆合金薄带的相变和结构

快速凝固工艺制备的Ni61Al24Mn15合金薄带具有细晶粒组织。明显改善了合金的变形性能,合金薄带在拉伸和弯曲两种状态下形状记忆回复率都达到了 70％以上,且热弹性马氏体相变温度都高于150℃,高温区形状记忆效应的产生与合金薄带中面心立言和密排六方结构志氏体体心立方结构母相之间热弹性马氏体相变有关。     

哈斯勒合金Ni_(46)Cu_4Mn_(38)Sn_(12)的相变应变与磁感生应变

通过结构、磁性以及应变测量,研究哈斯勒合金Ni46Cu4Mn38Sn12在马氏体相变过程中的相变应变与磁感生应变。结果表明:样品在马氏体相变过程中表现出一个接近0.12%的相变应变,几乎是目前研究所报道的三元哈斯勒合金Ni-Mn-Sn相变应变的3倍;此外,在等温条件下,通过外加磁场的诱导,获得了该样品在反马氏体相变起始温度点(284 K)的一个大的磁感生应变,这种行为可归结为马氏体与奥氏体相之间界面的磁弹耦合。     

磁性形状记忆合金Ni54Mn21Ga24.75Sm0.25的马氏体相变研究

本文通过内耗和交流磁化率，研究了多晶合金Ni54Mn21Ga25的马氏体相变特征，分析了稀土元素Sm对合金中间马氏体相变影响。研究结果表明，添加Sm使合金Ni54Mn21Ga24的马氏体相变温度提高到室温以上，并且降低了合金的温度滞后，在低磁场下Sm对合金磁感生应变影响不大。     

定向凝固Ni_(47)Mn_(32)Ga_(21)多晶合金的结构、相变及磁特性

采用定向凝固方法制备了Ni47Mn32Ga21多晶合金,通过XRD谱和金相照片研究合金的结构,通过对合金磁化强度与温度关系、电阻与温度关系、磁化曲线和磁感生应变曲线的测量分析,研究了合金的相变、磁化特性及磁感生应变特性。结果表明:Ni47Mn32Ga21合金在室温(298K)时为四方结构马氏体相,晶格参数a=b=0.593 8 nm,c=0.553 1 nm。合金的马氏体相变起始温度Ms和终止温度Mf分别为309 K和295 K,逆马氏体相变起始温度As与终止温度Af分别为306 K和319 K,居里温度TC为365 K。室温无压力下,Ni47Mn32Ga21合金有较好的双向可恢复磁感生应变,其饱和磁感生应变值达到-700×10-6。     

辊速对激冷贫镍Ti-Ni形状记忆合金薄带组织和相变的影响

为了开发快响应执行器用Ti-Ni形状记忆合金薄带,采用单辊甩带激冷法制备了Ti-(47,48,49) Ni形状记忆合金薄带,用共聚焦激光显微镜、XRD和示差扫描热分析仪,研究了辊速对贫镍Ti-Ni形状记忆合金薄带显微组织、相组成和相变行为的影响。结果表明,铸态Ti-47Ni、Ti-48Ni、Ti-49Ni形状记忆合金薄带的组织形态呈纵横排列的柱状,辊速越高合金薄带的晶粒越细。3种合金薄带的组成相皆为马氏体M(B19')+母相A(B2),冷却/加热时发生A→M/M→A一阶段马氏体相变。辊速对合金薄带相变类型影响不大,但影响马氏体相变温度和热滞。随辊速增加,Ti-47Ni、Ti-48Ni、Ti-49Ni形状记忆合金薄带马氏体相变温度降低,Ti-49Ni合金薄带马氏体相变热滞减小,Ti-47Ni和Ti-48Ni合金薄带马氏体相变热滞先增大后减小。     

预变形对Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变的影响

研究了形变对Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变及其组织形态的影响，并应用马氏体相变热力学和动力学探讨了适当塑性变形后马氏体相变滞后得以大幅度提高的微观本质。结果表明，随着应变量的增加，马氏体相变温度几乎保持不变，而其逆相变温度则迅速升高，塑性应变导致储存在界面处的弹性应变能的释放是塑性变形提高合金相变滞后的主导因素。     

TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄带研究进展

TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄带凭借其窄相变滞后、优异的形状记忆效应与超弹性、良好的热循环稳定性成为一种很有前途的微驱动器材料。本文全面阐述了国内外在TiNiCu薄带研究方面的最新进展,主要包括晶化行为、显微组织、马氏体相变行为、形状记忆效应与超弹性,重点介绍了热处理工艺-显微组织-性能之间的内在联系,探讨了TiNiCu薄带今后的研究重点     

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in melt-spun and annealed Ni42.7Mn40.8Co5.2Sn11.3 ribbons

The Ni_42.7Mn_40.8Co_5.2Sn_11.3 ribbons were prepared by melt spinning. After heat treatment, the martensitic transformation temperature and Curie temperature of austenite of the annealed ribbons increased remarkably. Inverse and direct magnetocaloric properties were investigated in the melt-spun and annealed ribbons. The effective refrigerant capacities for these ribbons were discussed in this paper.     

Direct measurement of large reversible magnetic-field-induced strain in Ni–Co–Mn–In metamagnetic shape memory alloys

Direct measurements of reversible magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS) on a single crystalline Ni₄₅Co₅Mn_36.5In_13.5 metamagnetic shape memory alloy were attained via magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation under different stress levels and at various temperatures. This was achieved using a custom-designed micro-magneto-thermo-mechanical testing system capable of applying constant stress while measuring strain and magnetization simultaneously on the samples, which can fit into conventional superconducting magnets. MFIS levels are reported as a function of temperature, magnetic field and external bias stress. It was necessary to apply an external bias stress in these materials to detect a notable MFIS because a magnetic field does not favor a specific martensite variant resulting in no shape change even though magnetic field leads to reversible martensitic transformation. Fully recoverable transformation strains up to 3.10% were detected under repeated field applications in the presence of different compressive stress levels up to 125 MPa. The bias stress opposes the field-induced martensite-to-austenite phase transformation and causes the critical field for the transformation to increase at a given temperature in accordance with the Clausius Clapeyron relationship. The effect of the bias stress on the kinetic arrest of austenite is also explored.     

Structure and magnetocaloric effect in melt-spun La(Fe,Si)13 and MnFePGe compounds

The magnetocaloric properties of melt-spun La(Fe,Si) 13 and MnFePGe compounds were investigated. Very large value of magnetic entropy change |ΔS|=31 and 35.4J·(kg·K)-1 under 5 T were obtained at 201 K in LaFe11.8Si1.2 melt-spun ribbons and at around 317 K in Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.76Ge0.24 melt-spun ribbons, respectively. The large magnetocaloric effect results from a more homogenous element distribution related to the very high cooling rate during melt-spinning. The excellent MCE properties, the low materials cost and the accelerated aging regime make the melt-spun-type La(Fe,Si)13 and MnFePGe materials an excellent candidate for magnetic refrigerant applications.     

Some studies on hot extrusion of rapidly solidified Mg alloys

Rapidly solidified magnesium alloys show great potential for application in automotive and aerospace industries. In this study, Mg-Al-Zn alloys (AZ91) were rapidly solidified by a melt-spinning process to form ribbons. Pulverized ribbons were cold-compacted and then hot-extruded to form rods. During extrusion, a specially designed die with constant strain rate profile was used and found to be advantageous. By properly establishing the complete process, extruded rods of rapidly solidified AZ91 alloys exhibiting good combination of room temperature strength and ductility were produced. Microstructural investigations were carried out on melt-spun ribbons and extruded rods. Effects of extrusion die shape, extrusion ratio, and extrusion temperature on mechanical properties of the extruded rods were also investigated.     

Structural, thermal and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-B-P-Cu melt-spun ribbons: Application of non-isothermal kinetics and the amorphous random anisotropy model

The microstructural variation of Fe-Si-B-P-Cu melt-spun ribbons was analyzed on the basis of non-isothermal kinetics and the amorphous random anisotropy model. The magnitude of latent heat of the crystallization process obtained from DSC curves increases with the increase of quenching wheel speed. The apparent activation energies of the nucleation and growth of α-Fe nanocrystallites increase as the quenching wheel speed increases. Thermal analysis implies that the size of the local short-medium order (cluster) in melt-spun ribbons reduces with the increase of quenching wheel speed. Meanwhile, magnetic measurements display that the coercivity of the stress-released ribbons decreases with the increasing quenching wheel speed. This confirms the thermal analysis results on the basis of the amorphous random anisotropy model. Combing thermal analysis with magnetic measurements, it is believed that the cluster size of the melt-spun ribbons decreases with the increase of the cooling rate during melt-spinning process. Nanocrystalline alloy with desirable microstructure and soft magnetic properties is anticipated to be obtained from an amorphous alloy prepared at an appropriate cooling rate by adjusting the quenching wheel speed.     

Martensitic transformation behavior in Ni–Al and Ni–Al–Re melt-spun ribbons

The martensitic transformation behavior was investigated in rapidly solidified (melt-spun) Ni–(34–37)at%Al and Ni–(32–34)at%Al–2at%Re ribbons. The addition of Re increased the temperature for the formation of Ni₅Al₃, hence the martensitic transformations were observed at higher temperatures than those of binary Ni–Al alloys.     

Suppression of γ phase in Ni38Co12Mn41Sn9 alloy by melt spinning and its effect on martensitic transformation and magnetic properties

Microstructure, martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of melt-spun Ni₃₈Co₁₂Mn₄₁Sn₉ ribbon were investigated and compared with its bulk counterpart. The formation of second phase (γ phase) was prevented by melt spinning. Ni₃₈Co₁₂Mn₄₁Sn₉ ribbon underwent a thermoelastic martensitic transformation at a little higher temperature than the master alloy. Due to the disappearance of γ phase, the magnetic properties of as-spun ribbon in the plane was close to its bulk counterpart. A magnetic-field-induced reverse martensitic transformation was verified in this ribbon under a relatively low magnetic field of 1.5 T. In addition, the kinetic arrest behavior was also observed even though there still existed a forward martensitic transformation when applying a magnetic field of 8 T.