江苏防汛抢险应急管理建设规划研究

针对长江中下游汛情重、危害大和防御难等现状,以人工智能与智能软件为核心技术,研究科学数据支持下的防汛应急的自动知识推理与处置方案的自动生成与主动推荐.结合国内外学者对自然灾害应急管理的研究,对江苏防汛抢险应急管理能力的现状进行分析,在实现汛情语义数据管理的基础上,实现监测数据实时更新、汛情预测和自动预警.重点研究救援路径规划和救援物资调度等问题,提出了防汛抢险智能决策机制,实现抢险方案自动生成与主动推荐.通过建立江苏防汛抢险应急管理平台,推动长江中下游沿线基层综合减灾技术水平提升和能力建设,重点形成长江防汛的科学规范工作新思路.     

基于数字孪生技术的长江崩岸预警平台设计

受三峡水库运行影响，长江中下游河床冲刷加剧。为提高长江崩岸监测预警水平，建立了基于数字孪生技术的长江崩岸预警平台，并以长江中游荆江崩岸预警系统为例进行实例分析。提出了三级尺度的数字孪生崩岸数据模型与按时间顺序组织的数据切片模型方案，使崩岸各类数据通过构建统一的数据模型聚焦于崩岸物理实体，结合优化崩岸地形组织的算法与模型，驱动平台可视化、分析、预测等各功能高效实现，使静态的崩岸现象有变化过程的属性，提高了崩岸预测的信息化与智能化程度，有助于实现对长江崩岸险情的深度分析与预警抢险的高效决策。     

省级山洪灾害预警监测系统的开发

山洪灾害监测预警系统建设是山洪灾害防御的一项重要非工程措施,研究了国内县级山洪灾害预警监测平台系统的特点,分析了雨水情监测系统与预警信息发布系统的缺陷,结合现状和需求,首次提出了建设省级山洪灾害预警监测平台系统思路,并且以广东省山洪灾害预警监测系统的开发为例,采用J2EE体系三层架构解决方案,全面引入WEB模板技术和框架技术,阐述相关功能模块的开发和应用。系统的成功开发,实现了广东全省的统一指挥调度和中央、省、市、县、镇、村6级指挥系统应急联动与互联互通。     

气象预警纳入防汛应急响应启动条件的思考与建议——以浙江省为例

应急管理部、中国气象局联合印发的《关于强化气象预警和应急响应联动工作的意见》对提升基层政府防范应对暴雨、台风、强对流天气的能力具有十分重要的现实意义。通过对浙江省2022年8—9月39个县（市、区）48次暴雨红色预警、4个县（市、区）5次防汛应急响应的跟踪分析,发现《关于强化气象预警和应急响应联动工作的意见》在执行过程中存在响应频繁、时效性低、范围不精准的问题,从修订暴雨预警阈值、优化响应措施、细化响应范围方面提出了建议。     

智能预警技术在水利安全管控方面的应用

水利生产经营单位应根据自身实际情况,开展重大危险源监控、职业病危害防治、应急管理、安全风险管控和隐患自查自报、安全生产预测预警等信息系统的建设。智能预警技术是基于智能视频监控技术基础上,融合多元传感技术和人工智能技术发展而来的灾害预测预警预防技术。智慧综合管理体系缘起油气田安保防恐,智能预警技术成果和实践经验应用于林业、边防、海防等行业领域。根据水利自身的安全需求,从灾害预测预警的角度出发,研究多个水利管理系统集中在"一张网、一幅图、一平台、一中心"四位一体的智慧综合管理体系中,探索"泛在互联、可视监管、智能决策、综合控制"的系统化解决方案。     

黄浦江水源水质监控与预警系统研究及应用

在水源水质监测现状分析的基础上,构建了黄浦江水源在线水质监控与预警系统,讨论了预警平台系统的功能模块,选取了包含常规指标、有机指标和生物指标的在线监测指标,并对预警方法和三级联动监测体系进行了研究,最后阐述了监控与预警系统平台的开发及实现。     

长江三峡地区环境监测信息资源整合研究

针对三峡地区环境监测信息化的现状，剖析了存在的问题及信息资源整合的必要性，并就环境监测数据资源整合的目标、策略和效能进行了评估。提出了信息系统整合、数据中心建立、综合决策分析、监测数据共享、统一评判、时空表达、应急处置综合业务平台，以及公众服务平台的整体设计框架。基于此框架研究了数据收集、处理、统计分析、发布、预警、应急、展示等主要内容和组织关系结构设置途径。     

基于Internet/Intranet的电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统

为提高电网事故分析的水平及继电保护和故障录波器等设备的管理水平，提出了基于Internet/Intranet 的电网继电保护及故障信息管理系统。该方案采用标准的保护通信协议及基于消息队列的传输平台，采用Web的发布形式。最后对继电保护信息系统中的常规应用和高级应用如定值核对、故障测距等提出了应用展望。     

基础信息的标准化和规范化在智能电网建设中的作用与意义

电力系统的发展面临着许多挑战,智能电网被认为是有效的解决方案。开放的信息系统和共享的信息模式是智能电网的基础。分析了电网信息系统的现状和存在的问题,提出了智能电网信息系统的框架,强调了基础信息的数字化、标准化、规范化的重要性;基于变电站的特殊地位,以其为例设计了基础信息平台框架,该平台能够实现信息协议标准化、格式规范化、时标同步化、管理一体化,并可通过级联扩展成全网信息系统而基本结构不变。     

遵义市观音水库工程数字孪生平台凸优化调度算法研究

为保障水利水电工程运行安全，实现供水调度、大坝安全、库区管理、发电运行等业务功能，基于数理统计和数据挖掘等技术方法构建水文水资源预测预报、安全监测数据异常识别、工程安全预测预警、输水管线分析等数学模型。重点对观音水库工程信息化数字孪生平台凸优化调度算法进行了研究，形成水库数字孪生系统架构凸优化调度决策方案，对于建成具有预报、预警、预案、预演功能的工程信息化系统，为观音水库运行安全，充分发挥工程综合效益提供重要支撑。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.