提高手持探针式加速度计谐振频率的研究

本文研究了手持探针式加速度计的谐振频率,分析了手持探针加速度计的力学模型,找出了影响谐振频率的各个因素。结果表明,接触刚度对谐振频率有最为显著的影响。提高接触刚度可采用线接触探针触头和提高探针触头弹性模量,减小等效质量对谐振频率也有明显效果。     

试验机夹具的施力不均匀对弹性模量测定结果的影响

本文介绍采用微机控制电子万能试验机的引伸计系统绘制力与变形弹性回归曲线,测定材料的弹性模量.通过对四个方向分别安装引抻计进行弹性模量测定的曲线和结果的分析,说明了万能试验机夹具的施力不均匀对测定结果的影响,提出了解决偏心影响的途径,对提高弹性模量测试精确度具有一定意义.     

股骨松质骨拉伸实验研究

本文报道了对急性外伤致死的正常国人新鲜尸体股骨下端松质骨拉伸实验的结果.得出了拉伸破坏载荷、强度极限、弹性模量等,对股骨下端松质骨的拉伸力学实验方法等进行分析讨论.     

股骨松质骨扭转实验研究

本文报道了急性外伤致死的正常国人新鲜尸体股骨上端松质骨扭转实验的结果.得出了扭矩、扭转剪切强度极限、剪切弹性模量等,对股骨上端松质骨的扭转力学实验方法等进行分析计论.     

人工骨梯度微孔结构的力学有限元优化分析

人工骨的梯度微孔结构关系到人工骨植入人体后能否代替缺损骨承受外力,及其对细胞流动、长入和沉积的影响.使用ANSYS Workbench对建立的三维人工骨梯度微孔结构进行应力应变分析,分析了各个模型的最大等效应力、最大等效应变和弹性模量,及其随加载力的变化规律;研究在相同加载力的作用下,各个模型的最大等效应力、最大等效应变随孔隙率的变化.最后,在满足力学性能的基础上,以孔隙率为指标对人工骨梯度微孔结构进行优化,为后续的激光烧结成型技术奠定了基础.     

弹性模量仪器化压入测试方法比较分析

文中以弹性模量仪器化压入测试方法的力学模型、传感器性能指标对测试结果的影响、数据处理方法对测试结果的影响为切入点,对三种仪器化压入测试方法进行分析比较.纯能量方法建立的力学模型准确地解释了仪器化压入过程,对测试传感器性能参数和数据处理方法的敏感程度较低,具有一定的鲁棒性.     

考虑弹性模量变化的线接触滚子副微观热弹流润滑分析

作为金属材料重要的性能参数,弹性模量会随着温度变化而变化.然而,在热弹流润滑研究分析中一直把弹性模量取成常数,计算结果必定存在误差.以无限长线接触滚子副为研究对象,将固体弹性模量随温度的变化关系引入热弹性流体动压润滑理论,结合热弹性力学理论和热力转换原理,同时考虑随机粗糙度的影响,给出了热弹流润滑数值计算方法.计算中增加了弹性模量场的求解,设置了弹性模量场的收敛精度,通过算例进行了计算,分析了考虑弹性模量变化前后载荷变化对油膜压力和膜厚的影响.研究内容可以为弹流润滑分析和材料特性研究提供理论基础.     

铝蜂窝复合材料客车底板性能研究及应用

铝蜂窝复合材料作为一种新型材料,具有轻质高强的结构。对铝蜂窝复合材料的平拉性能、压缩性能、剥离强度等基本力学特性进行试验研究,试验结果表明:铝蜂窝客车底板具有比其他客车底板材料更好的力学性能。基于模态分析理论,对系统的模态参数和物理参数进行分析;并将铝蜂窝的动弹性模量和三点弯曲法的静弹性模量进行对比分析,结果表明:动弹性模量普遍大于静弹性模量,可以用动弹性模量作为铝蜂窝复合材料的一种考核指标。并对铝蜂窝复合材料客车底板进行结构设计,说明铝蜂窝客车底板安装的可行性。     

辊弯成型力能参数研究

通过对辊弯成型变形能量解析,按照外力做功和内力做功相等的原理,建立了辊弯成型力矩和成型力的理论计算公式.分析了板厚、弯曲半径和弯曲角三个因素对成型力矩和成型力的影响趋势.随着板厚h值的增大成型力矩M成指数形式增大,成型力F的值随着显著增大,而在弯曲半径R增大时成型力M以指数形式下降和成型力F显著减小,弯曲角增大时成型力增大和成型力矩线性增大.     

两颗粒弹塑性正碰撞的耗散模型

为了快速地得到颗粒碰撞后的运动状态,从而实现颗粒碰撞阻尼系统的整体仿真研究,建立颗粒在单个碰撞周期中的分段力学模型.该模型将颗粒的单个碰撞周期分为三个阶段,通过三个阶段的力学分析得出颗粒在关键节点的运动状态,最终得到颗粒碰撞后的反弹速度、碰撞过程中的恢复系数和能量损耗的解析表达式.随后采用有限元方法对两颗粒的弹塑性碰撞过程进行模拟,有限元分析结果与分段力学模型的结果吻合较好,证明了分段力学模型的正确性.最后应用此分段力学模型对颗粒的碰撞速度、颗粒材料参数包括屈服点、弹性模量、密度和颗粒大小对耗能效果的影响进行定量的分析计算.计算结果表明,材料的屈服点和弹性模量之比越小,碰撞耗能效果越好;同时,质量密度越大的材料,耗能效果也越好;在设计颗粒阻尼器时可以以此为原则选用碰撞伙伴的材质.以上研究结果可以用于颗粒碰撞阻尼系统的阻尼特性分析和整体仿真研究.     

Evaluating local elasticity of the metal nano-films quantitatively based on referencing approach of atomic force acoustic microscopy

Traditional technique such nanoindenter(NI) can’t measure the local elastic modulus at nano-scale(lateral). Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) is a dynamic method, which can quantitatively determine indentation modulus by measuring the contact resonance spectra for high order modes of the cantilever. But there are few reports on the effect of experimental factors, such length of cantilever, contact stiffness on measured value. For three different samples, including copper(Cu) film with 110 nm thickness, zinc(Zn) film of 90 nm thickness and glass slides, are prepared and tested, using referencing approach in which measurements are performed on the test and reference samples (it’s elastic modulus is known), and their contact resonance spectra are measured used the AFAM system experimentally. According to the vibration theory, from the lowest two contact resonance frequencies, the tip-sample contact stiffness is calculated, and then the values for the elastic properties of test sample, such as the indentation modulus, are determined. Using AFAM system, the measured indentation modulus of copper nano-film, zinc nano-film and glass slides are 113.53 GPa, 87.92 GPa and 57.04 GPa, which are agreement with literature values MCu=105-130 GPa, MZn=88.44 GPa and MGlass=50-90 GPa. Furthermore, the sensitivity of contact resonance frequency to contact stiffness is analyzed theoretically. The results show that for the cantilevers with the length 160μm, 225μm and 520μm respectively, when contact stiffness increases from 400 N/m to 600 N/m, the increments of first contact resonance frequency are 126 kHz, 93 kHz and 0.6 kHz, which show that the sensitivity of the contact resonance frequency to the contact stiffness reduces with the length of cantilever increasing. The novel method presented can characterize elastic modulus of near surface for nano-film and bulk material, and local elasticity of near surface can be evaluated by optimizing the experimental parameters using the AFAM system.     

弹性悬臂梁摩擦力测量机构的设计

摩擦力的测量始终是摩擦磨损试验机的重要组成部分之一。在自行开发的模拟缸套 /活塞环摩擦学性能的试验机中 ,采用弹性悬臂梁配合力传感器进行摩擦力的测量。推导了弹性悬臂梁测量摩擦力的公式 ,并用有限元软件分析了弹性悬臂梁的变形 ,确定了合适的截面形状。经试验验证 ,设计的摩擦试验机能够基本真实地反映缸套 /活塞环摩擦副的运动和摩擦学规律 ,具有较强的可信度。     

Quantitative elastic modulus measurement by magnetic force modulation microscopy

It is experimentally demonstrated that magnetic force modulation microscopy (MFMM) is a technique allowing quantitative elastic modulus measurements. A model of the cantilever–tip–sample interaction taking into account the lateral contact stiffness (i.e., the friction effects at the level of the tip–sample contact), the position of the magnetic force applied to the cantilever with respect to the tip position, as well as the inclination of the cantilever arm with respect to the sample surface is presented. The model shows that MFMM is much less sensitive to lateral force than the other modulation techniques and thus, in contrast to the latter, that the contrast of the stiffness images can be interpreted as a true elasticity contrast and not as a mixture of friction and elasticity. Thanks to the study of the normal contact stiffness versus normal load that allows the characterization of contact between tip and sample, it is possible to perform quantitative elastic modulus measurements with a dynamic modulation method.     

Large Deformation Analysis and Synthesis of Elastic Closed-loop Mechanism Made of a Certain Spring Wire Described by Free Curves

Recently novel mechanisms with compact size and without many mechanical elements such as bearing are strongly required for medical devices such as surgical operation devices. This paper describes analy...     

Probing elastic modulus and depth of bottom-supported inclusions in model tissues using piezoelectric cantilevers

We have experimentally investigated the depth sensitivity limit of a piezoelectric cantilever tissue elastic modulus sensor and simultaneously determined the elastic modulus and the depth of a tumor directly. Using model tissues consisting of bottom-supported modeling clay inclusions of various depths in a gelatin matrix, we empirically determined that the depth sensitivity limit of a piezoelectric cantilever sensor was twice the linear dimension of the indentation area (or the cantilever width). Knowing the depth sensitivity limit of the individual cantilever sensor as input and treating a model tissue that has the gelatin matrix on top and the modeling clay inclusion at the bottom as two springs in series, we showed that the elastic moduli and depths of the hard inclusions could be simultaneously determined with the elastic modulus profiles measured by two cantilevers with different widths as input.     

Iterative control approach to high-speed force-distance curve measurement using AFM: time-dependent response of PDMS example

Force-distance curve measurements using atomic force microscope (AFM) has been widely used in a broad range of areas. However, currently force-curve measurements are hampered the its low speed of AFM. In this article, a novel inversion-based iterative control technique is proposed to dramatically increase the speed of force-curve measurements. Experimental results are presented to show that by using the proposed control technique, the speed of force-curve measurements can be increased by over 80 times--with no loss of spatial resolution--on a commercial AFM platform and with a standard cantilever. High-speed force curve measurements using this control technique are utilized to quantitatively study the time-dependent elastic modulus of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The force-curves employ a broad spectrum of push-in (load) rates, spanning two-order differences. The elastic modulus measured at low-speed compares well with the value obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test, and the value of the elastic modulus increases as the push-in rate increases, signifying that a faster external deformation rate transitions the viscoelastic response of PDMS from that of a rubbery material toward a glassy one.     

Measurement of CFRP elastic modulus based on FBG reflectance spectrum analysis

Based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflectance spectrum analysis, one novel method to measure the elastic modulus of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is proposed. Basic theory of the novel method is that CFRP uniform cantilever beam produces linear gradient strain which leads to FBG reflectance spectrum broadening under external loadings. Calculation model of the basic theory is put forward and validated by finite element method (FEM) simulation. In order to obtain actual data about the relationship between elastic modulus and FBG reflectance spectrum, experiment of CFRP uniform cantilever beam under external loadings is implemented. The experiment spectrum corresponding to external weight 20 g is chosen as the specimen to explain data processing procedure by self-adaptive method. 3 dB bandwidth and center wavelength of FBG are selected as the reference indexes in the procedure. Elastic modulus of CFRP which is used in the experiment is extracted and its value is 6.617 GPa. To validate the correctness of the elastic modulus, contrastive analyses between transmission matrix theory calculation and experiment spectrums with external weights 5 g and 10 g are also carried out. Absolute errors of 3 dB bandwidth and center wavelength in the comparison are all less than 5 pm which prove the feasibility and correctness of this novel elastic modulus measurement method.     

基于能量法的双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数分析

针对双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电两类能量通过压电效应耦合强弱的问题,将能量法应用到双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数的分析中。开展了双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数的理论分析,并建立了其与双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置尺寸参数和材料特性之间的关系,对双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数与其尺寸参数和材料特性的关系模型进行了实验验证和数值模拟。研究结果表明,实验值与理论解有较好的一致性,且都在压电片厚度为0.25 mm时开路电压最大,验证了该理论模型的可靠性。此外,随着压电梁厚度比的不断增大,其机电耦合系数单调递增;同时,较大的弹性模量比有利于压电梁机电耦合系数的提高,且相对于钢弹性基片,铍青铜弹性基片更有利于压电梁机电耦合系数的提高。     

Influence of Poisson's ratio variation on lateral spring constant of atomic force microscopy cantilevers

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to measure the surface morphologies and the mechanical properties of nanostructures. The force acting on the AFM cantilever can be obtained by multiplying the spring constant of AFM cantilever and the corresponding deformation. To improve the accuracy of force experiments, the spring constant of AFM cantilever must be calibrated carefully. Many methods, such as theoretical equations, the finite element method, and the use of reference cantilever, were reported to obtain the spring constant of AFM cantilevers. For the cantilever made of single crystal, the Poisson's ratio varies with different cantilever-crystal angles. In this paper, the influences of Poisson's ratio variation on the lateral spring constant and axial spring constant of rectangular and V-shaped AFM cantilevers, with different tilt angles and normal forces, were investigated by the finite element analysis. When the cantilever's tilt angle is 20 degrees and the Poisson's ratio varies from 0.02 to 0.4, the finite element results show that the lateral spring constants decrease 11.75% for the rectangular cantilever with 1muN landing force and decrease 18.60% for the V-shaped cantilever with 50nN landing force, respectively. The influence of Poisson's ratio variation on axial spring constant is less than 3% for both rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers. As the tilt angle increases, the axial spring constants for rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers decrease substantially. The results obtained can be used to improve the accuracy of the lateral force measurement when using atomic force microscopy.     

An interferometric platform for studying AFM probe deflection

This paper describes an interferometric platform for measuring the full-field deflection of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes and generic cantilevers during quasi-static loading. The platform consists of a scanning white light interferometer (SWLI), holders for the cantilevers, a translation stage, a rotation (tip-tilt) stage, and an adapter plate to connect these items to the SWLI table. Visualization of cantilever bending behavior is demonstrated for snap-in against a rigid surface, cantilever-on-cantilever tests, and a damaged AFM probe. A new approach to normal force calculation using a polynomial fit to the cantilever deflection profile is also presented and verified experimentally. The method requires only the coefficient for the third order (cubic) term from the fit to the deflection profile, the elastic modulus, and the area moment of inertia for the cantilever under test.