镍基粉末高温合金的组织、性能与成型和热处理工艺关系的研究

分析了镍基粉末高温合金的成型、热处理等冶金工艺及央杂缺陷的性质等与合金组织和性能的关系，描述了粉末高温合金的热处理工艺，提出了今后我们粉末高温合金组织性能研究工作的重点。     

一种提高DD3单晶高温合金蠕变性能的热处理工艺

根据DD3单晶高温合金的热分析和相分析结果,制定了新的热处理工艺.该优化工艺提高了合金的固溶处理温度,并增加了一级时效制度.研究了优化工艺热处理后DD3合金的蠕变及拉伸性能,对比分析了优化工艺和标准工艺处理后的组织、元素分布和力学性能.结果表明,优化后的热处理工艺改善了合金组织和元素的分布,显著提高了合金的蠕变性能.     

热等静压对DD3单晶高温合金组织与性能的影响

选用两种热等静压工艺对DD3合金进行热等静压实验,研究了热等静压对DD3单晶高温合金组织与性能的影响.观察、分析了热等静压及完全热处理后组织,测试了经热等静压并热处理后合金的持久、蠕变及拉伸性能.结果表明:热等静压工艺可部分或完全消除DD3合金的铸造疏松或缩孔,但导致合金γ'强化相的回溶和不规则长大,热处理后γ'相粗大且立方化和规则性差,合金的中、高温持久和蠕变性能有所降低,对900℃拉伸性能无明显影响.     

Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-W-Si高温钛合金的蠕变性能

为大幅度拓展Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-W-Si高温钛合金的工程应用,优化了Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-W-Si高温钛合金的热处理工艺,研究了该钛合金的蠕变性能,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了蠕变实验前后合金的微观组织特征及断口形貌。研究表明,经合理热处理工艺后,该合金在550和600℃均体现出优异的蠕变性能。蠕变实验后,合金的微观组织发生了明显的变化:在颈缩区呈明显的纤维状,而在均匀塑性变形区,由于回复再结晶,合金的显微组织呈现细小的晶粒。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的热处理工艺研究

研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金的热处理工艺。采用差热分析法和金相测试法确定合金的初熔温度在1280℃左右;利用光学金相显微镜观察了合金在不同固溶处理后的微观组织,测试了合金的持久性能。结果表明,合金的最佳热处理工艺为1245℃/2h,AC+1275℃/4h,AC+1100℃/2h,AC+850℃/24h,AC。采用该工艺处理后的单晶高温合金具有优异的持久性能,在980℃、235MPa的条件下持久寿命达159.35h。     

ATI 718 Plus高温合金微观组织与性能研究进展

ATI 718Plus(以下简称718Plus)是一种基于IN718高温合金改进的时效强化型镍基变形高温合金,已广泛应用于航空发动机的热端零部件.合金最初以锻造态引入,随着航空航天领域对大型复杂零部件需求的提高,锻造态合金已不能满足实际要求,因此在锻造态合金的基础上通过提高Nb含量开发出了铸造718Plus合金,并对其微观组织、焊接性能和拉伸性能开展了研究.锻造态和铸造态合金的化学成分与成型工艺的差异导致其微观组织及性能不同,因此阐明两种合金微观组织与使役性能之间的内在联系具有重要意义.本文综述了近年来锻造态和铸造态718Plus合金的微观组织调控及性能研究进展,包括:元素含量与分布状态对合金微观组织的影响,热处理制度对γ'相及η相分布状态的影响,热变形工艺与合金微观组织的关系,并得到最优热加工参数,总结了服役环境对合金蠕变、疲劳、焊接及抗氧化性能的作用机制,最后分析了合金研究过程中存在的问题及发展趋势.     

超超临界发电机组螺栓用镍基高温合金混晶组织均匀细化工艺

目的 消除典型镍基合金锻件中存在的严重混晶组织,从而提高锻件的力学性能.方法 提出"低温 δ相时效+高温连续降温退火"双级热处理工艺,研究该热处理工艺对混晶组织演变及高温性能的影响,揭示锻造混晶组织的均匀细化机制.结果 利用该工艺可以在提升再结晶形核速率的同时降低再结晶晶粒的生长速率,从而获得平均晶粒尺寸为5.82μm的均匀细小的晶粒组织(达到ASTM12级),并可保证合理的δ相残余含量.同时,晶粒组织的均匀细化使得合金的强度以及塑性等力学性能均较传统DA工艺得到较大的提升,其中650℃屈服强度较DA工艺提升了13.4％.结论 连续降温再结晶热处理工艺可以有效改善镍基高温合金锻件中的混晶状态,并显著提升合金的强度和塑性.     

Ti2AlNb合金构件全流程模拟及组织性能预测

金属构件的塑性加工不仅需要控制其形状尺寸,还要调控其微观组织和力学性能,以获得满足服役要求的产品。构件成形结束后,常需要通过热处理工艺调控其组织和性能,但由于成形过程中的变形参数影响其热处理前的微观组织,因此,也影响到其热处理过程的组织演变,进而影响构件的服役性能,导致热处理调控更加复杂。本文基于机器学习的方法,考虑变形参数对热处理的影响,建立了Ti₂AlNb合金构件高温成形过程微观组织和力学性能的预测模型,并与有限元模拟软件结合,建立了Ti₂AlNb合金构件成形-热处理的全流程模拟方法。本文通过该方法对Ti₂AlNb管材高温压制-时效处理工艺进行了全流程的模拟,模拟结果表明变形和热处理参数均会对成形构件的组织和力学性能产生影响。进而通过成形和热处理实验对模拟结果进行了验证,模拟结果与实验结果的一致性较好。说明通过该方法,可以实现构件成形-热处理全流程的模拟和组织-性能预测,可用于指导加工工艺的制定。     

熔体过热处理技术及其在镍基高温合金中的应用研究进展

镍基高温合金是先进航空发动机高温叶片不可或缺的关键核心材料,目前通过合金化来提高其承温能力已趋于极限。研究表明,材料熔体结构对合金凝固过程、凝固组织、性能以及成形质量具有重要的影响。熔体结构的变化能够直接导致熔体特性发生改变,进而对性能产生影响,然而在实际合金的制备过程中,熔体结构的作用通常被忽略。熔体过热处理技术通过利用合金熔体的遗传效应,将高温熔体的结构保留到低温熔体,从而大幅提高合金性能。系统介绍了熔体过热的原理、主要处理技术以及如何通过X射线衍射和物性参数测量来确定熔体过热处理参数,重点介绍了熔体过热处理技术在优化高温合金凝固组织和提升性能方面的应用,最后提出了熔体过热处理技术发展的方向和面临的挑战。     

非真空熔铸Cu-Cr-Zr合金研究进展

Cu-Cr-Zr合金经适当的形变及热处理后可获得高的强度、良好的导电及热稳定性.Cu-Cr-Zr合金作为一种高强、高导功能材料被广泛应用,其研究及推广也取得了重要成果.综述了Cu-Cr-Zr合金在非真空条件下的熔铸工艺及铸造缺陷,阐述了Cu-Cr-Zr合金的形变热处理工艺及其对合金性能的影响,讨论了合金元素Cr、Zr对合金组织性能的影响和Cu-Cr-Zr合金的合金化设计.     

热处理工艺对Inconel718合金多层夹芯板结构的微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用LBW+SPF组合技术制造Inconel718合金多层夹芯板结构.为了增强多层夹芯板结构使用时的安全性,研究其热处理技术.结果表明:Inconel718合金在焊接过程产生了Nb含量较高的Laves沉淀相;超塑成形后焊缝中的Nb元素的偏析问题得了缓解;经980℃固溶30min处理后,焊缝中的δ相完全回溶母体γ相,焊缝...     

镍基粉末高温合金冶金工艺的研究与发展

叙述和分析了镍基粉末高温合金冶金工艺三十多年来在制粉末处理工艺，成型工艺，热处理工艺等方面的研究成果和存在的问题，总结了粉末高温合金冶金工艺今后的主要发展方向。     

航天用镍基高温合金及其激光增材制造研究现状

新型航天器用镍基高温合金部件呈现出复杂化、薄壁化、复合化、一体化的发展趋势,使得传统的铸造或锻造加工技术无法胜任。基于逐层堆积的激光增材制造(LAM)技术是实现这类复杂部件制备的理想解决方案,能够进一步赋予高温合金更高的价值,极大地推动航天装备的发展。首先介绍了航天领域常用的镍基高温合金种类,然后以研究最多的IN 718和IN 625合金为例,总结了镍基高温合金增材制造的研究现状:归纳了镍基高温合金增材制造工艺优化方法,表明增材制造综合加工图和实验设计方法是两种行之有效的方法;指出了增材制造镍基高温合金材料的微观组织特点,讨论了增材制造后续热处理对材料微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,表明增材制造技术极快速冷却的特点引起镍基高温合金材料内部存在普遍的局部微观偏析现象,导致常规热处理工艺不再是最优工艺;并通过5个典型的增材制造镍基高温合金航天构件案例展示了增材制造技术的优势。在此基础上,针对镍基高温合金增材制造过程中存在的关键科学问题和技术难题,展望了增材制造镍基高温合金未来的研究方向。     

Effects of carburization on recrystallization behavior of a single crystal superalloy

The samples of single crystal superalloy DD6 were grit blasted and heat treated in the solution and aging treatment at vacuum atmosphere, then the effects of carburization on recrystallization of single crystal superalloy DD6 were investigated. The results showed that carbon was introduced into the grit blasted samples during carburization, producing a homogenous distribution of MC-type carbides in the form of submicron dispersed precipitates within the grit blasted region. These MC-type carbides hold back the recrystallized grain boundaries. As temperature increases, MC-type carbides dissolve and secondary M₆C-type carbides precipitate. The interaction between these M₆C-type carbides and recrystallized grain boundaries further hinders recrystallization. Thus the average depth of the recrystallization region and number of recrystallized grains observed in carburized grit blasted samples are less than those in the samples which underwent grit blasting process alone. Carburization can significantly reduce recrystallization in single crystal superalloy DD6 during solution heat treatment.     

Behavior of Cold Spray Coating in Real Incineration Environment

In the present research work, efforts are made to study the performance of the uncoated and cold spray NiCrAlY-coated superalloy in medical waste incinerator environment. The study was conducted in the secondary chamber of medical waste incinerator. The high-temperature performance of uncoated and coated superalloy was assessed by measuring the penetration of corrosion species and drop off scale thickness. The development of Al₂O₃ in the top oxide scale and dense structure of the coating is found to be responsible for the better performance of coated superalloy against erosion–corrosion. Cold spray NiCrAlY-coated heat exchanger tubes were estimated to have degradation rate about 35 mils/year.     

Susceptibility to Hot Cracking and Weldment Heat Treatment of Haynes 230 Superalloy

This study investigates the susceptibility of hot cracking and weldment heat treatment of Haynes 230 superalloy. The Varestriant test was conducted to evaluate this susceptibility. Welding was performed by gas tungsten arc welding （GTAW） and plasma arc welding （PAW） with stress relief heat treatment and solid solution heat treatment. A tensile test is then performed to measure the changes in the mechanical properties of the heattreated material. The results indicate that the number of thermal cycles does not affect the susceptibility of Haynes 230 superalloy to hot cracking. However, it does increase the strain. In weldment of heat treatment, stress relief annealing increases the yield strength and tensile strength of the welded parts. The section of the tensile specimens shows fibrous fractures on the welded parts, regardless of whether they are heat-treated.     

电子束焊接热冲击对GH4133A的微裂纹损伤研究

电子束焊接是一个复杂的强瞬态的热冲击过程,包括发生在表层的热过程和发生在一定深度的应力波与材料的交互作用。本文基于电子束焊接热冲击效应分析了高温合金电子束焊接接头影响区的微裂纹形成原因,研究了微裂纹损伤对GH4133A电子束接头高温力学性能的影响。结果表明,热冲击是高温合金电子束焊接热影响区的微裂纹损伤的主要原因,热冲击损伤效应导致接头力学性能的劣化。     

Analysis of laser beam weldability of Inconel 738 superalloy

The susceptibility of pre-weld heat treated laser beam welded IN 738 superalloy to heat affected zone (HAZ) cracking was studied. A pre-weld heat treatment that produced the minimal grain boundary liquation resulted in a higher level of cracking compared to those with more intergranular liquation. This deviation from the general expectation of influence of intergranular liquation extent on HAZ microfissuring is attributable to the reduction in the ability of the base alloy to accommodate welding tensile stress that accompanied a pre-weld heat treatment condition designed to minimize intergranular liquation. Furthermore, in contrast to what has been generally reported in other nickel-based superalloys, a decrease in laser welding speed resulted in increased HAZ cracking in the IN 738, which can be attributed to exacerbated process instability at lower welding speeds.     

Microstructural evolution and defect formation in a powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy processed by selective laser melting

In this study,the selective laser melting(SLM)technology has been employed to manufacture a nickelbased superalloy which was conventionally prepared through powder metallurgy(PM)route.The microstructural features and defects were systematically investigated both prior to and after heat treatment and compared with the PM counterpart.Both solidification cracking and liquation cracking were observed in the SLM specimen in which the grain misorientation and low melting point(γ+γ')eutectic played a vital role in their formation mechanism.Columnar grains oriented along building direction were ubiquitous,corresponding to strong<001>fiber texture.Solidification cell structures and melt pools are pervasive and noγ'precipitates were detected at about 10 nm scale before heat treatment.After supersolvus solution and two-step aging treatments,high volume fractionγ'precipitates emerged and their sizes and morphologies were comparable to those in PM alloy.<001>texture is relieved and columnar grains tend to become more equiaxed due to static recrystallization process and grain boundary migration events.Significant annealing twins formed in SLM alloy and are clarified as a consequence of recrystallization.Our results provide fundamental understandings for the SLM PM nickel-based superalloy both before and after heat treatment and demonstrate the potential to fabricate this group of alloys using SLM technology.