镍内电极多层陶瓷电容器介质材料的研究

通过（ＢａＯ＋ＣａＯ）／（ＴｉＯ２＋ＺｒＯ２）略大于１的Ｂａ－ＴｉＯ３系材料进行受主离子Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋和Ｚｎ＾２＋掺杂试验,使瓷料在还原性气氛中与镍电极共烧,获得介电常数为１５０００、绝缘电阻率达到１０＾１２Ω．ｃｍ的抗还原陶瓷。     

立方A^4＋M^5＋2O7型化合物与新型负热膨胀材料

概述了立方Ａ＾４＋Ｍ＾５＋２Ｏ７型化合物的结构特点，讨论了ＡＶ２－ｘＰｘＯ７型（Ａ＝Ｚｒ或Ｈｆ；ｘ＝０．１～１．２）及其部分取代的Ａ＾４＋１－ｙＢ＾４＋ｙＶ２－ｘＰｘＯ７型（Ｂ＝Ｔｉ，Ｃｅ，Ｔｈ，Ｕ，Ｍｏ，Ｐｔ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｇｅ或Ｓｉ；ｙ＝０．１～０．４）和Ａ＾４＋１－ｙＣ＾１＋ｙＤ＾３＋ｙＶ２－ｘＰｘＯ７型（Ｃ为碱金属元素，Ｄ为稀土金属元素）材料的负热膨胀性能。     

Ag—MgF2金属陶瓷薄膜氧化的XPS研究

报道了对Ａｇ－ＭｇＦ２金属陶瓷薄膜在具空中退火时氧化现象的ＸＰＳ分析结果。在低真空中（ｐ〈３０ｐａ）,当退火温度为８００℃时,ＭｇＩｓ光电子结合能为１３０５．４０ｅＶ,属于ＭｇＦ２结构,当退火温度达到１１００℃时,Ｍｇ１ｓ光电子结合能国１３０３．７５ｅＶ,属于ＭｇＯ结构。从Ａｇ－ＭｇＦ２体系转变为Ａｇ－ＭｇＯ体系Ｍｇ１ｓ光电子结合能向低能一侧位移了１．６５ｅＶ。     

纳米ZrO2的电子顺磁共振特性及其表面效应

用ＢＥＴ（氮吸附法），ＴＥ几ＸＲＤ技术测定了纳米ＺｒＯ２粉的比表面积、粒径、晶粒尺寸以及相结构随煅烧温度的变化、纳米ＺｒＯ２粉具有Ｆｓ－ｃｅｎｔｅｒ和Ｚｒ＾３＋两种电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）信号，Ｚｒ＾３＋是一个与体相相关的信号，而Ｆｓ－ｃｅｎｔｅｒ信号强度减弱，而Ｚｒ＾３＋信号强度增强，变化的临界尺寸为１６ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１，当比表面积小于１６ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１时，Ｆｓ－ｃｅｎｔｅｒ信号消失，而Ｚｒ＾３     

三价铈离子在氯硅酸镁钙中的晶体学格位研究

首次合成了发射蓝紫光的Ｃｅ＾３＋激活的氯硅酸镁钙ＣａｇＭｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２：Ｃｅ＾３＋新荧光粉,利用Ｃｅ＾３＋的光谱结果和Ｖａｎ Ｕｉｔｅｒｔ经验公式,结合对ＣａｇＭｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２晶体的结构研究,判断出ＣａｇＭｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２：Ｃｅ＾３＋中存在两种性质稍有差异的Ｃｅ＾３＋发光中心,这两种发光中心均占据其质中八配位的钙格位。     

Ca0.5Zr2（PO4）3掺杂CaO的缺陷模型

研究了在Ｃａ０．５Ｚｒ２（ＰＯ４）３组成中引入ＣａＯ后的缺陷反应。少量的Ｃａ＾２＋离子进入空隙Ｍ１位增大了ｃ轴尺寸，ａ轴略有减小。Ｃａ＾２＋离子超过１．５个后，进入Ｍ１１位，造成ａ增大而ｃ值略有降低。     

液膜分离富集和测定锤液中的微量铅

用二环己基－１８－王冠－６（ＤＣ－１８－Ｃ－６）、表面活性剂ＳＰＡＮ８０、中性油ＳＩＯＯＮ－１和溶剂三氯甲烷乳状液膜体系，研究了Ｐｂ＾２＋的迁移行为。在适宜条件下，８ｍｉｎ内Ｐｂ＾２＋的迁移率达９９．４％以上，相同条件下，许多金属离子（如Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｌｉ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｓｒ＾２＋、Ｂａ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、ＡＬ＾３＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｏ＾２＋等）均不被迁移，     

MSnO3和MSn0.5Zr0.5O3（M=Sr,Ba）的水热合成

本文利用水热合成方法对ＭＳｎＯ３和ＭＳｎ０．５Ｚｒ０．５（Ｍ＝Ｓｒ，Ｂａ）的合成进行了研究，并采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥ几ＩＣＰ等进行产物进行了表征，结果表明：在Ｍ（ＯＨ）２．ＳｎＯ２（呈ＳｎＯ２＋ＺｒＯ２）－ＫＯＨ体系中，当ＫＯＨ／Ｓｎ和ＫＯＨ（Ｓｎ＋Ｚｒ）≥３０时，２６０℃下晶化５－７天，可获得ＭＳｎＯ３和ＭＳｎ０．５Ｏ３纯相，在Ｍ（ＯＨ）３－（ＳｎＯ２＋ＺｒＯ３）－ＫＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中，可通过控制介质     

H3PO4／H2SO4体系中不锈钢表面膜的XPS分析

采用ＸＰＳ方法研究了两种不锈钢在磷酸体系中的钝化膜。结果表明：不锈钢在不同磷酸介质中形成的钝化膜都由二层所构成，外层为不溶性磷酸盐膜，内层为金属稳定性氧化物。钝化膜内存在Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ的富集和Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ的贫化；同一个介质中不锈钢内任一合金元素的相对量愈高，在钝化膜中也愈高；对同一钢种，介质的组成会影响钝化膜的组成、介质中的ＳＯ＾２－４，Ｆ＾－，Ｃｌ＾－，Ｍｇ＾２＋和Ｃａ＾２＋等，或吸附在钝化膜表面，或     

新型透明导电薄膜In2O3：Mo

ＭｏＯ３的饱和蒸气压较高，可以直接用热反应蒸发法制备Ｉｎ２Ｏ３：Ｍｏ（ＩＭＯ）透明导电薄膜。ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ测试结果证明，ＩＭＯ薄膜中的Ｍｏ是以Ｍｏ＾６＋离子形式取代了Ｉｎ２Ｏ３晶格中的Ｉｎ＾３＋离子而存在的，没有形成新的化合物，也没有改变Ｉｎ２Ｏ３的体心立方晶格结构。在不进行退火、放电等工艺处理的情况下，用常规的反应蒸发法，在约３５０℃，１．２ｍｍ厚的载玻片上制备的ＩＭＯ薄膜在可见光区域的平均透射     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.