微波化学法原油破乳脱水工艺的优化

对原油乳状液分别采用热化学法及微波热化学法进行了破乳脱水实验。对于本实验所用含水量为78%的1#原油乳状液,采用热化学方法时,破乳剂的用量为100 mg/L,加热温度为65℃,加热9 min后,可脱水约为96.2%;而采用微波化学法时,破乳剂的用量为50 mg/L,辐射时间为10 s,沉降时间为2 min,可脱水约为94.9%。提出了原油乳状液脱水的工艺为对原油乳状液采用二次脱水处理,首先采用微波化学法,再对一次脱水后的上层原油乳状液采用加热法。对1#原油乳状液,一次微波辐射脱水后,上层油的含水量在18%左右;对上层油进行加热二次脱水后,原油的含水率小于0.3%,可得到合格原油。     

正交设计在微波辐射原油脱水中的应用研究

研究了微波辐射对原油乳状液脱水的机理及其3个主要影响因素,用正交实验设计法考察微波辐射对原油乳状液脱水的最佳实验条件,以达到较好的脱水效果。采用MSP-100D微波消解系统对水质量分数为50％的大庆原油乳化液进行微波辐射实验。通过极差和方差分析可知,在影响大庆原油乳化液脱水率的3个因素中系统压力值影响最大,微波辐射功率其次,微波辐照时间影响最小。在微波辐射功率为400W,辐照时间为10min,系统压力值为0．3MPa,水质量分数为50％的大庆原油乳化液的平均脱水率高迭93．9896。实验结果表明．微波辐射原油脱水具有效率高,时间短,无污染和节约能源等优点,有良好的工业化应用前景。     

原油破乳剂的应用研究进展

随着我国石油资源的广泛应用,对于石油的生产和加工技术要求也在不断提升。在石油的生产加工过程中,对原油乳状液进行破乳脱水是其中重要的步骤,随着石油各种开采技术的不断成熟和石油资源的广泛应用,导致原油乳状液的稳定性逐渐增强,使原油破乳脱水工作面临着较大的困难,因此需要研究人员不断地进行深入探究,并且研发出最适合于生产需要的破乳剂,促进石油生产和加工工作的稳定发展。     

微波用于高粘原油脱水的研究

文章分析了微波破乳的机理,并以脱水率为考查依据,采用正交设计的方法对影响稠油微波脱水的主要因素,即原油含水量、微波辐射时间、微波功率进行了系统研究。结果表明,原油含水量为影响稠油微波脱水的主要因素,含水量越高,脱水率越大。另外,微波辐射时间与辐射功率对脱水率也存在着一定的影响。对于实验所用的稠油,当微波辐射功率为420 W,辐射时间为120 s,原油含水量为80%时,稠油脱水率最高,达到93.88%。     

氯化钠存在下微波辐射高稠原油脱水研究

采用SH9402微波反应系统对含水质量分数50%的大庆稠油进行了微波辐射脱水研究。考察了微波辐射时间、压力、功率以及氯化钠对原油脱水率的影响。在微波辐射时间4 min,压力0.2MPa,功率350 W,氯化钠质量分数为3%的条件下,脱水率达到了96.67%。该方法改善了工艺条件,拓宽了微波辐射原油脱水的应用范围。     

集输管道腐蚀产物对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

原油乳状液的稳定性对后续油水分离工作的影响较大,为了研究集输管道腐蚀产物对原油乳状液稳定性的影响,室内采用模拟铁腐蚀产物,评价了其对原油乳状液脱水率的影响,并在此基础之上,考察了静电聚结脱水措施对原油乳状液破乳脱水的处理效果.结果表明:随着油水乳状液中硫化亚铁、碳酸亚铁和氢氧化铁质量分数的增大,加入破乳剂的原油乳状液脱...     

高含水原油的热化学破乳方法

针对高含水原油破乳中广泛采用的热化学法,试验研究了加热温度、加入破乳剂量对破乳效果和破乳速率的影响.试验结果表明,对一定量的原油乳状液,破乳剂用量均在一个最佳值;温度会影响破乳剂的最佳值,随温度升高,原油乳状液破乳时所使用的破乳剂用量的最佳值降低;同时,加入的破乳剂量对乳状液脱水速率也有一定的影响.     

塔河原油破乳影响因素分析

考察了实验温度、原油的乳化程度、地层水的矿化度、加药方式、原油新鲜程度以及含酸量等对塔河原油破乳的影响。结果表明,实验温度、地层水矿化度和加药方式对原油破乳脱水率影响不大;当原油乳状液的含水率在20%时,脱水率最低,此时乳状液最稳定;原油的新鲜程度和含酸量均对原油乳状液的破乳脱水有一定影响,并从温度、溶剂的选择、加药方式等方面,针对性地给出了塔河油田原油破乳脱水的建议,为更好地开展塔河油田的破乳脱水工作提供了基础。     

微波辐射对TBP-磷酸体系乳状液的破乳研究

乳化萃取法净化湿法磷酸过程中会产生较为稳定的TBP-磷酸乳状液,本文采取微波辐射法对该体系乳状液进行破乳实验,研究了微波作用时间、微波功率、乳状液升温速率及处理量对破乳率的影响。结果显示:微波辐射加速了乳状液的分相,在微波功率为500~700W,升温速率ν为0.2~0.4℃·s-1时,微波破乳可达到96.5%的破乳率。     

原油破乳剂的研究应用与发展方向探析

对原油乳状液进行破乳脱水是石油生产和加工过程中一个重要的步骤,目前由于石油的不断开发和各种新型采油技术被应用于石油的开采之中,导致了原油乳状液的稳定性越来越强,原油破乳脱水工作面临的困难也越来越大,因此需要研究人员通过不断的研究探索,开发出更适合生产需要的破乳剂,促进石油的生产和加工工业的发展。本文从原油破乳剂的破乳机理出发,介绍了原油破乳剂的研究现状,并对其发展方向进行了探讨。     

分子氧化及光电催化氧化对石油Pickering乳液的破乳研究进展

石油开采、集输、加工过程中会面临复杂的工况条件,原油中的天然表面活性剂与人工添加乳化剂以及纳微米固体颗粒共同形成石油Pickering乳液,使得油水体系呈稳定的水包油（O/W）、油包水（W/O）或多重乳化状态。油水乳状液作为注水采油的主要产物,其高效破乳是石油工业链条中的普遍需求。目前对于石油Pickering的破乳仍然借鉴普通油水乳液的方法,而对于成因复杂的油水乳状液,以去除成膜乳化剂为目标的氧化破乳法比传统破乳法的效果更佳。为此,本文基于高效的氧化破乳机制,介绍了石油Pickering乳液的特点及危害,与非氧化反应类型的传统化学破乳法进行对比,综述了分子氧化、光催化氧化、电化学氧化三类技术对于不同来源及特征的油水乳状液的破乳进展。通过对每种方法的机理过程、应用实例、优缺点等方面详细分析,总结了分子氧化、光催化氧化、电化学氧化在石油Pickering乳液破乳中的局限性,并对今后如何实现石油Pickering乳液精准破乳提出展望。     

反相乳液聚合研究进展

反相乳液聚合与溶液聚合相比具有聚合速率高等优点 ,广泛应用于制备聚苯胺、增稠剂 ,以及造纸、石油开采等行业。着重介绍反相乳液聚合的胶束成核和液滴均相成核机理 ,阐述其动力学方程和数学模型。还介绍了反相乳液聚合的应用     

Studies on petroleum sulphonates: Correlation between their chemical structure and the oil—Water emulsion stability characteristics

The average molecular weight distribution, emulsion stability of oil—water emulsion, the chemical structure of the hydrocarbon portions of petroleum sulphonates, and surface active properties have been determined with a view to establishing a correlation between the chemical structure of petroleum sulphonates and their emulsion stability characteristics. It has been found that the emulsion stability of oil—water emulsions imparted by sodium petroleum sulphonates depends on: (i) average molecular weight of sodium petroleum sulphonates; (ii) their molecular weight distribution; (iii) oil—water interfacial tension; (iv) hydrophile—lipophile balance values. The structural parameters which predominantly effect the emulsion stability are the ratio of the percentage distribution of carbon atoms in paraffin side chains to the percentage distribution of carbon atoms, the aromatic rings (C_P/C_A), the relative proportions of long chain mono-aromatics and the orientation of the sulphonate group relative to the paraffin alkyl chains in the molecules.     

油气田开发建设与环境影响

油气田的开发建设一直是我国石油行业中的重中之重。随着我国石油行业的快速发展,各项领域对石油与天然气的需求也越来越大。但是,随着石油与天然气的大力开采,对环境产生了不良的影响。对此,通过对油气田的开发、油气田开发建设对环境的影响以及环境的保护对策等方面进行了简略的说明,希望对我国以后油气田开发建设有一定的指导作用。     

石油磺酸盐对原油界面性质及其乳状液稳定性的影响

The influence of petroleum sulphonate （TRS） on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension （IFT） and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution. The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.     

Influence of Coagulant Salt Addition on the Treatment of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions by Centrifugation,Ultrafiltration, and Vacuum Evaporation

Abstract

Droplet size is a key factor in the treatment of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions, because of its influence on emulsion properties. The addition of a coagulant salt generally causes emulsion destabilization, increasing the droplet size, and enhancing coalescence between oil droplets, which helps its further treatment. The influence of CaCl₂ addition on droplet size distribution of a commercial O/W emulsion used in machining processes was studied in order to facilitate oil removal and to improve its further treatment by centrifugation, ultrafiltration (UF) and vacuum evaporation. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) was observed at a CaCl₂ concentration of 0.05 M. The quality of the final aqueous effluent, expressed as its chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, was compared for all treatments. The highest COD values were obtained for centrifugation, while the COD of the UF permeate was approximately constant for all UF trials. The best effluent quality was obtained by vacuum evaporation. A combination of these techniques should be appropriate for most industrial treatments of O/W emulsions, depending on the subsequent use of the resulting aqueous effluent.     

石油醚W/O乳状液及其液膜稳定性

以破乳率为衡量标准,借助显微镜直接观察,探讨了乳状液含水量、表面活性剂用量、乳化时间、乳化强度等因素对石油醚W/O型乳状液体系稳定性的影响。在实验范围内,乳状液含水量的提高及表面活性剂用量的增加,有利于乳状液的稳定;存在较优的乳化时间20min和乳化强度4000rmin-1。选取脂肪烃、芳香烃、混合烃共6种不同油相制备乳状液,对比其稳定性的差异。此外,还初步考察了石油醚W/O/W液膜溶胀和泄漏问题,结果表明该乳状液膜泄漏率低于3.5%,表观溶胀率约为20%。     

三氧化硫制备石油磺酸盐工艺及组成分析方法综述

在我国石油工业,一次、二次采油对原油的采取率仅约40％。由于石油是不可再生资源,所以为了不造成浪费就不得不进行三次采油,而石油磺酸盐则是三次采油过程中常用的驱油剂,其制备工艺因选择的磺化剂不同而不同,作者则主要对以三氧化硫磺化制备石油磺酸盐的工艺和现在常用石油磺酸盐组成分析方法进行了综述与简要分析。     

聚合物-表面活性剂对油/水界面剪切粘度的影响

利用正交实验设计研究了聚合物A、石油磺酸盐B、表面活性剂C三种因素共存时对原油模拟油/水界面剪切粘度的影响。单因素实验表明,表面活性剂C使原油模拟油/水界面粘度降低,而聚合物A的存在则使油/水界面剪切粘度上升。而三种因素共存时,在实验条件下,表面活性剂C对油/水界面剪切粘度有一定的影响,聚合物A和石油磺酸盐B看不出有较大影响。因此,在聚合物-表面活性剂复合驱体系中,界面剪切粘度的变化主要取决于体系中表面活性剂的变化。     

E3 Analysis for Crude and Vacuum Distillation System

Crude oil blending is a very common practice in petroleum refineries, where the main focus is to minimize the total purchase cost of crude oils under specified blending oil properties. Crude oil blending actually has significant impacts on energy consumption from heating furnaces during crude oil processing. Conceivably, furnace energy consumption from burning fuels such as natural gas, fuel oil, or propane causes huge amounts of CO₂ emissions. In this paper, a methodology framework for crude oil blending and processing with simultaneous consideration of energy, emission, and economic profit (E3) is developed. It includes four stages of work: steady‐state modeling, heating energy consumption calculation, emission model development, and economic evaluation. With Aspen HYSYS simulation, the developed methodology provides a quantitative support for refinery to identify an optimal E3 operating strategy. A case study is implemented to demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology.