新型SBS水乳型纸塑复膜胶粘剂制备及其稳定性

采用SBS热塑性弹性体为胶粘剂主要原料,松香为增粘剂,环己烷为溶剂,OP-10为乳化剂,制备出一种新型以O/W型乳状液形态存在的环境友好型纸塑复合胶粘剂.考察了乳化时间、乳化速率、表面活性剂用量、SBS浓度以及含水量等参数对SBS乳状液稳定性的影响,并获得了优化工艺参数条件.制备的水乳胶粘接强度足够大,满足纸塑复膜的应用要求,还初步考察了聚合物PVA对此种SBS乳状液稳定性的影响,并借助显微镜直接观察了PVA的加入所引起水乳胶粒度的变化.     

纳米TiO_2溶胶W/O型乳液的稳定性及其微胶囊化研究

在W/O/W复相乳液体系中,TiO2溶胶W/O型乳状液的稳定性对所制备的微胶囊形貌影响很大。以破乳率为衡量标准,借助显微镜观察,探讨了内水相含量、Span-80用量、乳化速率和乳化时间等参数对W/O型乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,当TiO2溶胶含量为50%(v)、Span-80体积分数为5%时,乳状液的稳定性较好,存在较优的乳化速率8000~10000 r·min-1,和乳化时间8~10 min。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液为外水相、戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,在稳定的W/O型乳状液基础上所制备的微胶囊粒径均匀,分散性好。热分析表明,微胶囊中TiO2的含量约为35%。     

驱油剂对W/O乳状液稳定性影响研究

利用TURBISCAN稳定性分析仪测得的TSI值监测了驱油剂对W/O乳状液稳定性的影响,实验结果表明,随着表面活性剂和聚合物浓度的增加,TSI值均降低,乳状液稳定性增加;随着碱浓度的增大,TSI值先降低后增大,体系稳定性先增强后变弱,当碱浓度为900mg/L时,乳状液稳定性最好。     

陶瓷膜乳化法制备O/W乳状液

膜乳化法是获得高质量单分散稳定乳状液的一种简单有效方法,以氧化铝陶瓷微滤膜为乳化媒介,大豆油为分散相,含有乳化剂的去离子水为连续相,直接制备O/W乳液.比较了膜乳化法与机械搅拌法的乳化效果;考察了乳化剂浓度、膜两侧压差和磁力搅拌转速对乳化效果的影响.结果表明:乳化剂浓度2%、膜面压差0.12MPa、搅拌转速450r/min为最佳乳化条件.     

乳状液膜提取青霉素及其溶胀的研究

采用W／O型乳状液膜提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察膜相添加剂、表面活性剂、载体、解析剂Na2CO3浓度、搅拌速度对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响。以span80为表面活性剂、三辛胺为流动载体、液体石蜡为膜相添加剂、煤油为膜溶剂组成的乳状液膜体系。结果表明：青霉素提取率随表面活性剂和载体浓度的增加而明显增加。但表面活性剂浓度增加使液膜易产生再乳化,而再乳化和搅拌是夹带溶胀产生的主要原因;水的渗透(渗透溶胀)随载体和内相NaCO3浓度升高而增加。液膜溶胀是影响液膜技术工业化应用的关键因素之一。适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,增加青霉素的提取率。在本研究中,青霉素的提取率最高可达91．5％,液膜溶胀率为16％。     

玉米油W1/O/W2型多重乳状液稳定性的研究

高脂食品严重危害着人类健康,这引起人们对低脂食品的的不断追求,因此脂肪替代品的开发越来越受到人们重视。本试验以玉米油和生物高聚物为主要原料通过两步乳化法制备W1/O/W2多重乳状液作为脂肪替代品(FS),以离心稳定性为衡量标准,用显微镜直接观察,探讨了初复乳乳化工艺、各相相对体积比对玉米油W1/O/W2型多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响。结果表明:1.影响玉米油多重乳状液稳定性的主要因素有:复乳的乳化工艺,内水相与油相体积之比等。2.两步乳化工艺中第二步乳化工艺对复乳稳定性影响较大,其规律是随着乳化强度的提高,粒径减小,稳定性呈上升趋势,适宜的乳化条件为7200 r.min.1,13 min,而第一步乳化工艺对复乳稳定性几乎没有影响。3.内水相与油相、初乳与外水相均是影响复乳稳定性的主要因素,前者主要是依靠改变初乳黏度来影响复乳稳定性,后者主要是乳滴间范德华力与电排斥力共同作用的结果,适宜的体积比分别为1:4和1:1。     

稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性的研究

以大庆黑帝庙稠油为研究对象，依据稠油乳化降粘原理及O／W型乳状液的形成机制，考察了表面活性剂类型及添加量，碱的添加量，温度、油／水比、振荡方式等因素对稠油O／W型乳状液稳定性的影响。为筛选降粘剂复合配方及选择降低粘工艺提供了必要的基础数据。     

稠油乳化黏度测量曲线与乳液特性的关系

稠油化学驱过程中降黏剂浓度对稠油乳化影响明显,通过测量不同浓度降黏剂的稠油乳状液黏度-时间曲线,以黏度、降黏率为指标分析了黏度曲线与乳液特性的关系。结果表明,当降黏剂的浓度远大于临界乳化浓度时,形成稳定O/W乳状液,黏度低、降黏率大于95%。当降黏剂的浓度大于临界乳化浓度时,形成O/W乳状液,而后随着表面活性剂向油相的迁移,油滴聚并、分层。当降黏剂的浓度与临界乳化浓度相当时,乳状液油O/W转化为W/O,黏度大幅度提高。当降黏剂的浓度小于临界乳化浓度时,只能形成W/O乳状液。     

稠油O/W型乳状液微观现象研究

新滩稠油O/W乳状液是由含水较高的W/O乳状液直接转相形成的,利用微观摄像技术对其微观结构进行了研究。研究发现,乳状液中含有一定量的W/O/W液滴,其数量的多少与乳化剂浓度和含水量的大小有一定关系。液滴的形状大多数是等轴球形,既有液滴单个的乳滴存在,又有相互接触的乳滴簇存在,有乳滴形成乳滴簇的过程,也有乳滴簇分离的过程。乳滴大小分布模式基本相似,但对于具体的乳状液来说还是有差别。乳滴的大小分布受乳化剂浓度、油水性质含水量和放置时间等的影响。乳状液随时间表现出的性质主要是其微观结构变化的结果。液滴的大小分布情况和存在方式,在一定程度上影响乳状液的稳定性和流变行为。     

利用稳定性分析仪研究化学破乳过程

利用Turbiscan LabExpert稳定性分析仪研究了化学破乳过程,揭示了破乳过程中模型乳状液体系的絮集、聚并、沉淀、上浮、分相等现象,并定量分析了上述现象发生的速率以及分散相液滴的粒径变化等。结果表明:W/O型模型乳状液的中部发生的是水滴的絮集和聚并,而O/W型模型乳状液的中部保持稳定。W/O型模型乳状液顶部和O/W型模型乳状液底部分别发生的是油相的上浮和水相的下沉,其它部分相对稳定。随着破乳的进行,W/O型模型乳状液中部的内部水滴平均粒径从29.07μm(0h)逐渐增大到73.17μm(1.8h),而O/W型模型乳状液中部的内部油滴平均粒径从12.95μm(0h)逐渐增大到14.03μm(1.6h)。     

硅油乳状液制备新工艺研究

以二甲基硅油(500 000 mm2/s)为原料,AEO3、AEO7、OP乳化剂组成复配乳化剂,用自主研发的搅拌器,成功在常温下制备出固含量约为56%的硅油乳液。考察了乳化剂选择、乳化方法、乳化剂用量、乳化时间等因素对硅油乳液性能的影响。结果表明,硅油乳化的最佳工艺条件是:采用剂在油中法,乳化剂用量为5%(相对于乳液总质量),乳化时间为80 m in。在此条件下,得到的硅油乳液外观均匀、细腻,具有良好的稳定性和分散性。所得乳液不必调节pH值,工艺实现简化。     

石油磺酸盐对原油界面性质及其乳状液稳定性的影响

The influence of petroleum sulphonate （TRS） on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension （IFT） and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution. The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.     

单组分乳化剂制备硅油乳液及影响因素研究

通常硅油乳液是在加热条件下,采用复配型乳化剂乳化硅油获得。而试验在常温条件下,以100mPa·s的二甲基硅油为原料,以单组分乳化剂成功制备出固含量约为60%的硅油乳液,并且所得乳液不必调节pH值,工艺实现简化。主要研究了硅油乳化工艺中乳化剂类型及用量、乳化方法、乳化水用量、搅拌速度、乳化时间等的选择。获得的最佳工艺条件:采用剂在油中法,异构醇醚系E型乳化剂用量为5%(质量百分含量),乳化水用量约40%,搅拌速度900r/min,乳化时间30min。在此条件下得到的硅油乳液外观均匀、细腻,具有良好的稳定性和分散性。     

The effects of ethanol content and emulsifying agent concentration on the stability of vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions

In vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions ethanol is the polar phase and vegetable oil is the nonpolar phase. The primary advantage of vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions over conventional water-oil emulsions is that they enable the incorporation of water-and oil-insoluble or poorly soluble functional compounds and/or drugs into emulsions. A number of nonionic surfactants were used to select appropriate stabilizers for stable vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions. We found decaglycerol mono-oleate (MO750) to be the best stabilizer for ethanol-in-oil (E/O) emulsions. The effects of ethanol content and of emulsifying agent concentration on the stability of vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions were examined with MO750. After emulsification, two turbid layers formed simultaneously when ethanol content exceeded 20 wt%. The top layers (oil-in-ethanol emulsions; O/E emulsions) were very unstable, whereas the stability of the bottom layers (E/O emulsions) depended on the ethanol content. The stability of E/O emulsions is closely related to the effective concentration of MO750 aggregates, which play an important role in the film thickness stability of interfacial films formed by surfactant aggregates. Instability of E/O emulsion at 5 wt% MO750 is probably due to the polydispersity (i.e., nonuniform size and shape) of MO750 aggregates at high MO750 concentration. E/O emulsions prepared with 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt% MO750 were stable, suggesting that the interfacial films formed were effective in protecting the droplets against coalescence and Ostwald ripening.     

Ethanol animal fat emulsions as a diesel engine fuel – Part 1: Formulations and influential parameters

This paper focuses on effective solution to improve the combustion of low quality animal fat by making stable emulsions with water. Animal fat emulsions are prepared by mixing the fat with water, surfactant and co-surfactant. Ethanol is chosen as the co-surfactant because of its dilution ability. SPAN 83 also called Sorbitan Sesquiolate is used as the surfactant because it well stabilizes and forms stable animal fat emulsions. Emulsions and micro-emulsions are prepared for different co-surfactant/surfactant (C/S) ratios. A number of formulations are made and the Sauter mean diameter of water droplets are estimated using electron microscope images. Results are presented in pseudo ternary diagrams. Influence of different parameters affecting the emulsion characteristics are studied experimentally. According to the stability, structure, viscosity, fat content and economical aspects, the optimum emulsion is found as the emulsion with 36.4% of ethanol, 3.6% of SPAN 83, 10% of water and 50% of animal fat by volume.     

Effect of Preparation Parameters on Leakage in Liquid Surfactant Membrane Systems

Abstract

The stability of double emulsions or liquid surfactant membranes, which is an important topic in liquid membrane extraction processes, was investigated. The percentage of liquid membrane leakage which reflects the stability of the liquid surfactant membranes was measured as a function of time using sodium hydroxide as a tracer. Water-in-oil emulsions were prepared with SOLTROL 220, an isoparaffinic solvent, and solvent-extracted neutral oils, S100N and S500N. The surfactant studied was Span 80 (sorbitan mono-oleate). The influence of microdroplet volume fraction, surfactant weight percent, agitation speed, and emulsifying device on leakage was studied using a half fraction of 2⁴ experimental design. Microdroplet volume fraction and percent surfactant showed significant effect on the extent of leakage in the case of SOLTROL 220 runs at the 99% level or better. For runs with S100N, the effect of emulsifying device and that of percent surfactant on the rate of leakage was found to be significant at the 99 and 95% level or better, respectively. Several interactions between variables were also significant. Emulsions prepared with solvent extracted neutral oils, S100N and S500N, were quite viscous, which limited the influence of factors being considered on the extent of leakage.     

Effect of salt on the structure and properties of sonicated emulsions stabilized by a tertiary oil recovery formulation

Structure of sonicated emulsions obtained by varying sodium chloride concentration in surfactant formulations containing 5% (w/w) TRS 10–410 (a petroleum sulfonate), 3% (w/w) isobutanol and equal volumes of aqueous and dodecane oil phases was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of these emulsions together with that of the mutually equilibrated oil and aqueous phases was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. Extensive physical property data for the emulsion system and for the equilibrated phases were measured. The phase inversion of emulsions from O/W type at low salinities to W/O type at high salinities was confirmed by ESR, viscosity and electrical conductivity measurements. With increasing salt concentration, the macroemulsion passed through a series of structural changes as revealed by the electron microscopy results. A detailed analysis of viscosity and electrical conductivity of the emulsions is presented. The anomalous behavior of the emulsion at optimal salinity is highlighted. A discussion to correlate the structure, stability and type of emulsions with physical property behavior as a function of electrolyte concentration is included.     

驱油用聚表剂乳化性能评价方法

目前,对于聚表剂多采用瓶试法来表征其乳化性能,本研究讨论了聚表剂水溶液原油乳液的制备方法,在瓶试法研究的基础上,通过油砂吸附前后粘度及析水率评价,乳液稳定性评价,乳液微观结构观测等方法评价了驱油用聚表剂的乳化性能,丰富了聚表剂乳化性能表征手段。     

高稳定性硅油乳液的制备研究

以2 000 mPa.s的二甲基硅油为主要原料,研究了乳化剂配方的选择、硅油乳液制备的条件,考察了乳化剂用量、乳化时间、乳化温度和搅拌速度等因素。结果表明,最佳乳化条件为:乳化剂用量为7%,乳化温度70℃,乳化时间30 min,搅拌速度800 r/min,乳化水分2次加入,乳化时间分别为10 min和20 min。制备的固含量约为40%的硅油乳液,稳定性和分散性好。