长河坝水电站左坝肩边坡变形机制分析

长河坝水电站左坝肩边坡高陡、卸荷作用强烈、长大裂隙较发育,造成了边坡岩体结构的复杂性和边坡变形破坏方式的多样性。因此,分析边坡的变形破坏机制对边坡稳定性复核非常重要。本文结合工程地质调查、岩体结构特征和监测资料,对边坡进行了结构面统计和岩体分区,分析了裂缝成因和边坡的变形破坏模式。下部边坡爆破开挖使fz-15断层及其下盘压缩变形,上盘岩体下沉;边坡沿J6组结构面产生剪切滑移变形,上部岩体沿J3组结构面产生拉裂,沿J2结构面产生倾倒变形,产生了各种方向的裂缝。边坡变形破坏模式主要为滑移—拉裂破坏和倾倒—拉裂破坏。采用针对性支护措施后,裂缝变形得到控制,边坡基本稳定。     

水力学作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性研究

采用静水压力在总水位1/2处达到最大作为静水压力的新假设,并对结构面上的动水压力进行了详细的推导计算,完善了影响边坡稳定的水力学理论.当坡顶面出现竖直张裂缝时,张裂缝中的水深影响结构面上静水压力和动水压力的大小,可用张裂缝中的临界水深作为边坡破坏的依据.通过实例分析,结构面和张裂缝中的静水压力对边坡的稳定性影响较大,而结构面上的动水压力对边坡的稳定性影响较小.在给定边坡条件下,静水压力使边坡的稳定系数降低了16.8%;动水压力使边坡的稳定系数降低了1.2%.     

岩质高陡边坡地震动力响应共性和差异性

以国道G213左侧两处典型的单面、双面岩质高陡边坡为原型,采用新型离散元计算方法CDEM,对高烈度地震作用下单面、双面高陡边坡上的滑体由变形累计到破坏滑动的全过程进行了模拟,并结合振动台试验结果,对单面、双面高陡岩质边坡的地震滑坡响应进行了研究.研究结果表明:单面、双面高陡边坡地震动力响应存在一定的共性和差异性.两者发生滑塌破坏的过程基本一致,即在地震力和重力作用下,滑体顶部先出现拉应力集中,造成滑体沿滑体结构面后缘产生变形,进而造成该处出现拉伸、剪切破坏点,之后随着地震动的持续,滑体结构面上的剪切破坏点逐渐向滑体中前部的锁固段扩展,同时伴随着滑体表面拉伸破坏点的增加,最终造成锁固段发生渐进性破坏,滑体从剪出口滑出形成滑坡.而两者在坡面、坡体加速度的高程放大效应、坡面加速度的傅里叶谱、反应谱等动力响应方面存在差异,说明了坡体形态、坡面角度对上述动力响应具有显著的影响.     

黄土挖方边坡破坏机理及开挖方案对比分析

为寻求安全经济的黄土边坡开挖治理方案，以黄土地区某排水管网工程为研究对象，分析挖方边坡破坏机理，并提出2种开挖治理方案；探讨了不同开挖治理方案下坡体的破坏类型、滑动模式及稳定性，并进行了方案选取。结果表明：坡体开挖后抗滑力小于下滑力，原有的平衡被打破是变形破坏的直接诱因；按方案1、2开挖后，稳定系数变为1.402、1.363,均满足要求且有一定富余；前者虽能降低整体剪切破坏风险，但后者在“固脚强腰”改善剪应力分布的同时降低了整体与局部的剪切破坏风险；后者节省了工程造价18.9%,同时也避免了“削山皮”式开挖带来的安全隐患。     

资兴高速K21段顺层岩质边坡支护过程数值模拟研究

以资兴高速K21段顺层岩质边坡为研究对象,借助现场调查、数值模拟研究段边坡的开挖和支护过程,对各阶段的稳定性、位移、应力等的变化规律进行分析,验证了开挖、支护设计的合理性以及边坡加固的安全性,研究了边坡在开挖支护过程中应力应变规律。结果表明,顺层岩质边坡开挖扰动开挖破坏了边坡原有的应力分布,导致岩体产生裂隙损伤和变形,并逐渐扩张,弱化岩体和层面自身的强度。同时,边坡开挖,直接破坏了边坡原有的连续受力体系,由于软弱层面的抗剪强度较低,从而导致岩层沿开挖揭露的软弱层面整体下滑。锚索框架一方面通过对坡体的位移的控制作用,增加坡体的稳定性,另一方面通过预应力锚索把层状岩体锚固在一起,使得各层之间摩阻力增大,内应力和挠度大为减少,大大提高了层面的抗剪强度。     

全新剪应力本构模型下的王家岭滑坡稳定性分析

在传统的剪应力模型的基础上,提出了全新的剪应力本构模型,该模型可以很好地弥补传统剪应力模型的不足,能较好地对边坡渐进破坏的过程实施预测预报。在全新剪应力本构模型以及条分法的基础上,通过计算滑面的摩阻力和下滑力,从而得到剩余下滑力,当第i条块的剩余下滑力大于零,第i+1条块的剩余下滑力小于零,则临界条块必然位于第i+1条块内,为了使临界条块的位置更精准,可以对第i+1条块进行再次划分,以此让计算结果更精确。另外,本文采用CDM法计算该滑坡在下滑方向的稳定系数,当计算的第i条块的稳定系数大于1时,则滑坡处于稳定状态。通过研究分析表明,王家岭滑坡处于基本稳定状态。     

考虑次生裂隙结构面发育条件下的膨胀土边坡稳定分析

次生裂隙结构面发育是导致膨胀土边坡失稳的主要原因之一,一旦其发育并在坡体吸水膨胀的作用下将普遍导致边坡沿结构面的滑坍破坏。以＂南友＂高速公路宁明段膨胀土路堑边坡稳定分析为实例,重点考虑裂隙结构面的强度因素,采用ANSYS软件的热-力耦合计算功能模拟边坡的降雨入渗以及产生的膨胀力并采用有限元强度折减法对不同条件下边坡的安全系数进行大量计算,发现了一定的规律。次生裂隙面发育后的边坡安全系数较低,有效处治是必要的。     

几种常用边坡稳定性分析方法的比较

基于仿真软件Geo-Slop,应用Morgenstern-Price法、Spencer法、Janbu法和Bishop法,分别对深圳外环高速公路某路堑边坡在天然状态和饱和状态下进行稳定性分析,计算得到最危险滑裂面以及相应的边坡安全系数。同时,根据现场调查,基于不平衡推力法分析出边坡最可能的滑裂面,并计算得到沿该滑裂面的安全稳定系数。通过数值分析和现场调查结果对比,得出以下结论:坡体在天然状态的安全系数大于1.0,接近1.2,边坡是稳定的,而在饱和状态下其安全系数小于1.0,坡体不稳定;数值计算分析得到的滑裂面位置与现场调查分析得出的滑裂面的位置一致,证明了结果的可靠性;最后,考虑到该地区雨水多发,坡体在饱和状态下安全系数小于1.0,建议及时对坡体进行支护,防止边坡失稳。     

折线滑面渐进破坏特性及稳定性分析方法研究

为了研究折线滑面渐进破坏过程的稳定性分析方法,掌握滑体发育过程中的时效稳定系数变化规律,对不同岩性渐进破坏过程中的抗剪强度及力学参数退化机理进行研究,基于下滑力、抗滑力及不平衡推力法的基本计算原理,推导出折线滑面渐进破坏过程的时效稳定系数计算公式,并对布沼坝露天矿西帮边坡稳定性进行分析.结果表明:在渐进破坏过程中,边坡稳定系数随硬岩破裂区长度的增大呈线性递减,随软岩塑性贯通区长度的增大呈指数递减.缓帮对于边坡稳定性的增强效果在硬岩破裂阶段较为明显,在软岩贯通阶段相对较弱,边坡角每降低1°,稳定系数平均提高2.8%.削坡减载使边坡稳定系数呈现出二次线性增长,当边坡高度降低40m时,边坡稳定系数为1.124,相对于初始状态提高了12.7%.     

基于滑坡变形分区的锁固型滑坡稳定性分析研究

锁固型滑坡是一类典型的边坡破坏失稳模式,锁固段的稳定性控制该类边坡的整体稳定。以阿海水电站进场公路K62滑坡为研究对象,基于现场调查和地表变形监测分析结果,确定了锁固段的位置及空间分布;利用有限元及人工神经网络RBF模型反演分析了滑坡体及锁固段岩土体的抗滑参数;分析研究了剪切破坏模式下锁固段的稳定性。研究结果表明:锁固段的稳定性系数为1. 85,处于稳定状态,滑坡整体滑动面未贯通,滑坡处于蠕滑变形阶段。     

基于矢量和法的边坡三维极限平衡稳定分析法

对于具有复杂几何特征的边坡问题, 用二维极限平衡理论难以得到与实际相应的分析结果.基于矢量和法安全系数定义,提出了能满足所有条柱3个力的平衡和滑坡体3个整体力矩平衡的严格通用极限平衡分析法.通过侧向剪力系数和侧向剪力分布函数对条间力进行假定,考虑所有条间剪力对安全系数的影响.利用滑体力的平衡条件和边界条件分别得到条柱各行和各列的安全系数,再利用滑体整体力矩平衡条件确定侧向剪力系数.将条柱底面剪力矢量和的反方向作为潜在滑动方向,通过抗滑力和滑动力在其上的投影之和之比确定整个坡体的矢量和安全系数.典型算例验证了方法的合理性,计算结果表明,完全考虑条间力作用将提高边坡的稳定安全系数.     

LEM-DEM coupling for slope stability analysis

Slope stability analysis is a keen area of interest to researchers of geotechnical engineering and geological hazards. To date, the most popular approach applied in slope engineering design is the limit equilibrium method (LEM). However, for this method, some assumptions are required when obtaining the sliding force and the resistance force on the slide face. The discrete element method (DEM) presents an advantage in the calculation of the interaction forces between adjacent blocks without assumptions. This paper introduces a new slope stability analysis based on coupling of both approaches, herein referred to as LEM-DEM. The main LEM-DEM procedure is to transform the slice model of a slope in LEM into the DEM model and obtain the sliding force and the resistance force to calculate the factor of stability (Fos). The sensitivity analysis of the parameters in DEM, such as normal and shear stiffness, was conducted to illustrate that LEM-DEM suggests higher contact stiffness. A comparison between the Fos values in DEM and LEM-DEM was also conducted to indicate the rationality and advantages of LEM-DEM, especially for a gentle slope with a changing shear force direction in the slice model where the interslice forces in LEM are unreasonable. Furthermore, this study carried out a 3D landslide stability analysis extension, along with the results, for the proposed method.     

含锯齿状结构面的岩质边坡稳定性拟动力分析

为了研究含有锯齿状结构面的岩质边坡稳定性，结合锯齿状结构面的剪切强度经验公式，综合考虑结构面参数、锚固效应、地震作用以及地下水位深度等因素的影响，基于改进的拟动力法推导了加锚结构面边坡抗滑稳定性安全系数计算式，并分析了岩石边坡稳定性的影响因素，结果表明：锯齿状结构面的抗剪强度与起伏角呈线性关系，随着起伏角的增大而增大；随着地震系数、滑动面倾角、水位深度、边坡倾角以及土体重度的增加，边坡稳定性降低，随着内摩擦角的增大而提高；锚固力越大，岩体的抗剪强度增大，边坡抗滑稳定性提高，但是锚固角的增大对边坡的稳定性起着负面效应。     

边坡强度参数对于稳定性影响的极限平衡法分析

为了研究岩土体抗剪强度参数对边坡稳定性的影响,通过理论推导和Bishop极限平衡法计算,分别改变岩土体的粘结力c和内摩擦角,探讨边坡安全系数和滑动面的变化.结果表明：粘结力或内摩擦角改变时,边坡的安全系数将发生变化,而滑动面的变化受函数η-c的影响,η-c与粘结力和内摩擦角有关.当η-c为定值时,滑动面不随抗剪强度参数的变化而变化;当η-c增大时,边坡的滑动面从近坡面逐渐向边坡内部移动;反之,η-c减小时,边坡的滑动面从边坡内部向近坡面移动.研究结果为边坡稳定性分析的理论和实践研究提供了参考.     

Mechanism on progressive failure of a faulted rock slope due to slip-weakening

1 Introduction The damage or failure of faulted rock slope is a quite difficult problem in geotechni- cal engineering, and attention has been drawn from researchers for a long time. Apart from the toppling damage of steep slopes, most of the failure pattern of faulted rockslopes is shear-typed. The failure process of such a slope includes: initiation and devel- opment of a single micro-crack, breakthrough of two or more cracks, formation of fail- ure zones, and even shear damage in large scale…     

Mechanism on progressive failure of a faulted rock slope due to slip-weakening

Slip-weakening is one of the characteristics of geological materials under certain loadings. Non-uniform rock structure may exist in the vicinity of the slip surface for a rock slope. Some portion of the slip surface may be penetrated but the other not. For the latter case, the crack or the fault surface will undergo shear deformation before it becomes a successive surface under a certain loading. As the slipped portion advances, slip-weakening occurs over a distance behind the crack tip. In the weakening zone, the shear strength will decrease from its peak value to residual friction level. The stress will redistribute along the surface of crack and in the weakening zone. Thus the changed local stress concentration leads the crack to extend and the ratio of penetration of the slip surface to increase. From the view of large-scale for the whole slip surface, the shear strength will decrease due to the damage of interior rock structure, and the faulted rock behaves as a softening material. Such a kind of mechanism performs in a large number of practical landslides in the zones experienced strong earthquakes. It should be noted that the mechanism mentioned above is different from that of the breakage of structural clay, in which the geological material is regarded as a medium containing structural lumps and structural bands. In this paper, the softening behavior of a faulted rock should be regarded as a comprehensive result of the whole complicated process including slip-weakening, redistribution of stress, extension of crack tip, and the penetration of the slip surface. This process is accompanied by progressive failure and abrupt structural damage. The size of slip-weakening zone is related to the undergoing strain. Once the relative slide is initiated (local or integrated), the effect of slip-weakening will behave in a certain length behind the crack tip until the formation of the whole slip surface.     

岩质边坡在降雨条件下的稳定性分析

雨水入渗改变了岩质边坡非饱和区渗流场的分布,是引发边坡滑坡的主要因素之一.在极限平衡理论和非饱和土抗剪强度理论基础上,引入了渗透力的概念,利用有限单元法进行了降雨条件下岩质边坡稳定性的分析.最后,利用编制的边坡稳定程序进行了算例分析,结果表明,岩体边坡的稳定安全系数随着雨水的不断渗入在逐渐地降低,即降雨入渗对边坡的稳定具有不利影响.     

临河岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定性拟动力分析

基于拟动力法推导出不同工况条件下临河岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定安全系数计算公式。通过参数分析,研究不同岩体放大系数下,水平和垂直地震力、张裂缝积水深度、边坡超载、锚固效应、流水淘蚀等对岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定性的影响,研究表明,不同工况下,张裂缝积水深度、水平地震力、流水淘蚀不利于岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定,但竖向地震力、锚固力、锚固高度、坡顶超载等有利于岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定;随着岩体放大系数的增加,水平地震力、竖向地震力对岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定性的影响增大,坡顶超载、张裂缝积水深度、锚固应力、锚固高度、临河水位对岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定性的影响减小,而锚固倾角、坡脚淘蚀高度对边坡抗倾覆稳定性的影响基本不变。     

盐津桥水库右坝肩下游岩体稳定与工程加固处理

盐津桥水库大坝上游220m为新建公路大桥，下游3km有一个国内有名的大型企业，因此大坝的安全尤为重要．盐津桥水库工程岩体边坡为顺层边坡，卸荷裂隙发育．根据裂隙及分布特征情况，采用三维刚体极限平衡法分析右坝肩下游在卸荷裂隙、软弱夹层或顺坡岩层、X节理下的岩体稳定性．由计算分析结果提出经济合理的边坡加固处理措施．     

Limit equilibrium method for slope stability based on assumed stress on slip surface

In the limit equilibrium framework, two- and three-dimensional slope stabilities can be solved according to the overall force and moment equilibrium conditions of a sliding body. In this work, based on Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) strength criterion and the initial normal stress without considering the inter-slice(or inter-column) forces, the normal and shear stresses on the slip surface are assumed using some dimensionless variables, and these variables have the same numbers with the force and moment equilibrium equations of a sliding body to establish easily the linear equation groups for solving them. After these variables are determined, the normal stresses, shear stresses, and slope safety factor are also obtained using the stresses assumptions and M-C strength criterion. In the case of a three-dimensional slope stability analysis, three calculation methods, namely, a non-strict method, quasi-strict method, and strict method, can be obtained by satisfying different force and moment equilibrium conditions. Results of the comparison in the classic two- and three-dimensional slope examples show that the slope safety factors calculated using the current method and the other limit equilibrium methods are approximately equal to each other, indicating the feasibility of the current method; further, the following conclusions are obtained: 1) The current method better amends the initial normal and shear stresses acting on the slip surface, and has the identical results with using simplified Bishop method, Spencer method, and Morgenstern-Price(M-P) method; however, the stress curve of the current method is smoother than that obtained using the three abovementioned methods. 2) The current method is suitable for analyzing the two- and three-dimensional slope stability. 3) In the three-dimensional asymmetric sliding body, the non-strict method yields safer solutions, and the results of the quasi-strict method are relatively reasonable and close to those of the strict method, indicating that the quasi-strict method can be used to obtain a reliable slope safety factor.