基于PDA 思想的分布式多传感器融合方法

在传感器观测噪声不一致或有异常数据存在的条件下,分布式数据融合因没有剔除严重偏离真实值的传感器估计值,从而影响下一步的融合估计．对此,利用概率数据互联的思想,设计以融合中心预测值为中心、传感器节点估计值为观测值的预测域,并引入定向概率数据互联,对进入预测域的传感器估计值分配权重．仿真结果表明,利用概率数据互联思想的多传感器有效地实现了数据融合,其融合精度较传统分布式融合有所提高;在异常数据明显的情况下,算法的效果更加显著．     

基于强跟踪滤波和反馈综合的多传感器分布式航迹融合

研究基于强跟踪滤波和反馈综合相结合的多传感器分布式航迹融合算法.首先,以反馈 前后形成的跟踪门的交集构造有效跟踪门.然后,将强跟踪卡尔曼滤波和概率数据关联算法相结 合.利用构造的有效跟踪门,提出了一种新的多传感器分布式航迹融合算法.最后,对原有算法和 所提算法进行了仿真研究.     

新的分布交互式多模型广义概率数据关联算法

为有效解决密集杂波环境下分布式多传感器多机动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种基于改进D-S证据组合规则的分布交互式多模型多传感器广义概率数据关联（DIMM-MSGPDA-IDS）算法。该算法首先对各局部节点均应用单传感器的IMM-GPDA算法跟踪多机动目标,并将其各模型的状态估计、协方差估计、模型概率、组合新息及其协方差矩阵等滤波结果送至融合中心;在航迹关联判决结束后,融合中心根据各模型对应似然函数的大小融合不同传感器关于同一目标的模型状态估计及其协方差矩阵,并提出利用三维（3-D）证据进行直接融合的改进D-S算法对来源于同一目标的不同传感器的各模型概率进行有效融合,然后依此概率来更新各目标的状态估计并反馈至各局部节点,使之获得更为精确的状态预测;最后,将该算法与基于D-S证据组合规则的分布交互式多模型多传感器联合概率数据关联（DIMM-MSJPDA-DS）算法进行仿真对比分析。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够很好地对强机动目标进行跟踪,且其计算量相对较小,是一种有效的分布交互式多模型多传感器多机动目标跟踪算法。     

多维置信距离方法的研究

在多传感器融合过程中，概率计算法被广泛使用，本文用两个概率分布曲线之间的“置信距离”测量方法去传感器信息的可信性，然后用总概率最大值法对数据进行融合。     

基于分布式传感器信息融合的辐射源识别

针对辐射源识别中基本概率赋值函数(BPAF)获取的难题,提出基于模糊集、灰关联分析和特征参数相似度的3种BPAF获取法,推演了获取BPAF的数学关系,建立了基于分布式传感器数种基本概率赋值获取法的信息融合辐射源识别模型,利用该模型进行了识别实验.识别过程中进行了多周期时域融合与分布式传感器窄域融合,并在不同信噪比下与模板匹配法作识别率比较.实验对比结果表明,分布式传感器信息融合识别法是有效的,辐射源平均识别率超过90%.     

多传感器融合综述

对智能机器人领域的多传感器融合的研究现状进行了讨论。首先，对该领域研究中的一些问题进行了概述，包括信息描述空间、数据关联与时间同步、验前信息和融合结构等，然后把已有的融合方法分类成概率统计方法和人工智能方法进行重点介绍。最后，强调了融合结构在多传感器融合研究中的作用，并且对多传感器融合的未来研究作了进一步的展望。     

数据融合技术中Dempster-Shafer证据理论的应用

介绍了多传感器数据融合技术中的Dempster-Shafer证据理论法的应用.多传感器系统中包括声传感器、振动传感器、磁传感器和红外传感器.此系统对同类、异类传感器的信号采集、预处理,及数据的预处理结果用概率的形式表示,数据融合在此多传感器系统中的作用是采用Dempster-Sharer证据理论法进行融合,利用多传感器的互补与冗余信息,提高整个传感器系统的有效性.     

LSFR算法在多传感器分布式检测中的优化研究

在多传感器分布式检测系统中,常规融合规则算法要求传感器误差概率已知,且系统中传感器和融合中心同时优化存在一定困难.提出最小二乘融合规则(LSFR)算法,算法不依赖噪声环境稳定性以及传感器的虚警概率与检测概率,融合中心根据各个传感器的硬决策,得到全局的硬决策,并在传感器和融合中心处理达到最优时,获得最佳全局性能.仿真结果表明:对比似然比融合决策算法与Neyman Pearson融合规则(NPFR)算法,LSFR算法全局检测概率显著提高,且在不同数量规模传感器和更多类型的分布式检测系统中具有较好兼容性.     

一种有效的分布式离散Kalman滤波器

运用一致性检验原理，提出了一种有效的分布式离散Kalman滤波器；分析了用于多传感器数据融合的分布式Kalman滤波方法，并将经过一致性检验的量测数据引入分布式Kalman滤波器进行数据融合；当干扰噪声的统计特征发生变化时，仿真结果表明该滤波器可以大大提高数据融合的精度。     

分布式检测系统的一种软决策融合算法

在分布式检测系统中,为了进一步提高系统的性能,各传感器可以向融合中心发送多位二进制判决信息.对于这种发送多位判决信息的软决策融合系统,提出了一种对各传感器观测空间进行再划分的方法,它将各传感器的观测空间按照其检测概率和虚警概率进行再划分.这种划分方法能够简化融合中心的计算,且计算机仿真结果表明,应用该方法后融合系统的检测性能有明显的提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.