大孔吸附树脂分离纯化猪毛菜总黄酮及其抗氧化活性

采用不同大孔吸附树脂分离纯化猪毛菜总黄酮,并对纯化后的总黄酮进行体外抗氧化活性测试。通过考察影响树脂静态和动态吸附与洗脱的主要因素,确定猪毛菜总黄酮分离纯化优化工艺条件。静态吸附实验表明,AB-8树脂分离纯化效果较好,并且吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。动态吸附和解吸的最佳工艺条件为:上样液质量浓度1.25 g/L、p H=4.5、上样流速2 m L/min、上样量2.5 BV(BV指树脂柱内装载树脂的体积)、洗脱剂为体积分数80%的乙醇溶液、洗脱流速1.0 m L/min,洗脱剂用量4 BV。所得洗脱液中黄酮质量分数从纯化前10.20%增加到纯化后51.89%,回收率为84.43%。体外实验表明,纯化后的黄酮可以清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基,并有较好的还原力。纯化后的黄酮可以作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂。     

大孔树脂纯化马兰总黄酮工艺研究

研究大孔树脂纯化马兰中总黄酮的工艺条件。以芦丁为对照品,通过静态吸附与静态解吸附的方法从8种不同型号的大孔树脂中筛选出对马兰中总黄酮吸附及解吸附效果最好的大孔树脂,以吸附量和解析率作为效果评定指标;然后分别对上样液浓度、洗脱速率、上样量、洗脱乙醇浓度及用量等工艺参数进行考察,从而优选出最佳的工艺参数。结果表明:HPD-300的吸附量为5.64 mg/m L,解析率为82.54%,在8种大孔树脂中均为最高值;最佳上样浓度为0.1 g/m L,最佳上样流速为2 m L/min,最大上样量为0.239 g生药每毫升,最佳洗脱乙醇浓度及用量分别为90%和2倍柱体积。验证实验说明HPD-300大孔树脂在所得工艺条件下可以对马兰中总黄酮进行较好的纯化。     

黄龙胆根黄酮类化合物的提取、纯化工艺研究

通过单因素与正交实验研究了微波辅助乙醇溶剂法提取黄龙胆根黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件,优化了大孔树脂对所得黄酮类化合物进行纯化的工艺。得出提取最佳工艺条件为:微波功率300 W,微波时间8 min,乙醇浓度35%,料液比1∶20。在此条件下,得率为32.19%,粗提物总黄酮含量为1.97%。通过静态实验,选出最佳纯化树脂为AB-8大孔树脂;通过动态实验,得出吸附分离黄龙胆根黄酮类化合物工艺参数为:上样液流速2.00 m L/min,洗脱剂流速2.00 m L/min。经纯化后总黄酮含量为20.17%。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化右旋龙脑的工艺研究

研究洗脱剂乙醇体积分数、洗脱流速、上样液浓度对D101大孔吸附树脂纯化右旋龙脑效果的影响,确立右旋龙脑纯化工艺。通过单因素考察实验和正交实验,确立的最佳工艺条件为:洗脱剂乙醇体积分数为80%,洗脱流速为3.5 BV/h,上样液浓度为0.55 g/mL。在此条件下,右旋龙脑收率可达81.6%,纯度为98.32%。考察的因素对分离效果的影响程度为:洗脱剂乙醇的体积分数洗脱流速上样液浓度。建立的右旋龙脑精制工艺操作简便、收率高,适合扩大化生产。     

大孔树脂纯化茶皂素的工艺研究

采用静态吸附实验考察了D-101、DM-301、AB-8、D001、D201、D113、D202等大孔树脂对茶皂素的纯化效果,并考察了上样速度、溶剂体积、上样液质量浓度对大孔树脂AB-8动态吸附率的影响以及洗脱液浓度、洗脱速度、洗脱剂体积对动态洗脱率的影响。大孔吸附树脂AB-8纯化茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:上样液浓度为27 mg/mL,流速为2.5 mL/min,洗脱剂为75%乙醇,用量为上样液体积的2倍,洗脱速度为2.5mL/min,可以得到纯度为85.7%的茶皂素。     

大孔树脂纯化茶皂素的工艺研究

采用静态吸附实验考察了D-101、DM-301、AB-8、D001、D201、D113、D202等大孔树脂对茶皂素的纯化效果,并考察了上样速度、溶剂体积、上样液质量浓度对大孔树脂AB-8动态吸附率的影响以及洗脱液浓度、洗脱速度、洗脱剂体积对动态洗脱率的影响。大孔吸附树脂AB-8纯化茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:上样液浓度为27 mg/mL,流速为2.5 mL/min,洗脱剂为75%乙醇,用量为上样液体积的2倍,洗脱速度为2.5mL/min,可以得到纯度为85.7%的茶皂素。     

竹叶黄酮的提取、纯化及抗氧化性能研究

对竹叶中的黄酮类化合物进行提取、纯化及抗氧化性能研究。考察了大孔树脂对竹叶黄酮的吸附、解吸工艺参数,当黄酮上样量流速为1.0 m L/min,pH为5.0时,黄酮吸附率最高为80.13%。当洗脱剂乙醇流速为1.5 m L/min,乙醇浓度为60%时,黄酮解吸率最佳为90.6%。竹叶黄酮在光照、强酸、强碱条件下,自由基清除率下降明显。     

双柱法分离纯化杜仲叶黄酮工艺研究

采用静态吸附实验考察了聚酰胺树脂及D101、HPD-826、HPD-417、LK-17、BS-75、ADS-17等大孔树脂对杜仲叶黄酮的纯化效果,采用动态吸附实验考察了上样量、上样液速度、洗脱剂浓度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱剂流速对聚酰胺树脂与HPD-826大孔树脂的动态吸附与解吸率的影响。结果表明,一次柱层析采用HPD-826大孔树脂,上样流速为1 BV/h,洗脱剂为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为3 BV,洗脱剂流速为1.5 BV/h,最佳上样量为22.14 mg/g;二次柱层析选用聚酰胺树脂,上样流速为1 BV/h,洗脱剂为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为柱体积的3倍,洗脱剂流速为1.5 BV/h,最佳上样量为15.81 mg/g;双柱法分离纯化的杜仲叶提取物总黄酮纯度为65.19%。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化马缨丹总黄酮的工艺研究

探讨大孔吸附树脂纯化马缨丹总黄酮的最佳工艺,通过对4种型号大孔树脂的静态实验,筛选出最佳树脂;考察最佳树脂对马缨丹总黄酮的吸附及洗脱性能,优化工艺参数。结果表明:AB-8为最佳树脂,其最佳工艺条件为:上样液质量浓度0.198 mg/mL,吸附流速为2.0 mL/min,吸附pH为4.0;洗脱剂为70%乙醇,洗脱用量5 BV,减压浓缩得马缨丹总黄酮浸膏,纯度为32.45%。     

丹参总酚酸纯化工艺研究

目的:优化并确定丹参总酚酸大孔树脂纯化的最佳工艺。方法:以丹参酚酸B含量为考察指标,对大孔树脂纯化工艺参数进行了考察。结果:研究确定大孔吸附树脂最佳工艺条件为:选用AB-8树脂,以10倍药材量,30%乙醇作为洗脱溶媒,洗脱速度以1m L/min为宜,丹参样品上样浓度为0.5g生药/m L,吸附流速以1m L/min,最大上柱体积为60m L为宜。结论:大孔树脂吸附法是丹参总酚酸纯化工艺的有效方法。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.