排铅食品对铅中毒小鼠的排铅作用及矿物质影响

目的评价排铅食品对铅中毒小鼠的排铅效果及对其他矿物质的影响。方法选用75只18～22 g昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为阴性对照组、醋酸铅模型组及低、中和高剂量干预组。实验期间,阴性对照组自由饮用去离子水,醋酸铅模型组、受试物各剂量组自由饮用1.00 g/L醋酸铅水溶液造模的同时,低、中、高剂量干预组按成人推荐摄入量0.60 g/kg BW的5、10、20倍经口灌胃受试物,醋酸铅模型组和阴性对照组灌胃去离子水。连续30 d后,测定小鼠全血、肝、股骨、肾和脑中铅、钙、铁、锌及铜元素的含量。结果低、中及高剂量干预组肝、肾和脑铅含量低于醋酸铅模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),中、高剂量干预组的血、股骨铅含量低于醋酸铅模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);低、中和高3个剂量组的肝钙、脑锌及肾铜水平高于醋酸铅模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);中、高剂量组的血、肾、脑钙,血铁,血锌,血、脑铜水平高于醋酸铅模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);高剂量组的骨铁水平高于醋酸铅模型组(P<0.05)。结论排铅食品具有明显促进小鼠体内铅排出作用,并对铅引起的钙、铁、锌和铜代谢紊乱有改善作用。     

排铅食品对铅中毒小鼠矿物质的影响

目的 观察排铅食品对铅中毒小鼠矿物质的影响.方法 选用90只18～22 g昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为阴性对照组、醋酸铅模型组、阳性药物组和受试物低、中、高剂量组.除阴性对照组自由饮用含12.50 μL/L醋酸去离子水外,其余各组均自由饮用1.00 g/L醋酸铅水溶液染毒.30 d后,剂量组按人体推荐摄入量0.60 g/(kg·d)的5,10和20倍经口灌胃受试物,阳性药物组灌胃二巯基丁二酸溶液,醋酸铅模型组和阴性对照组灌胃去离子水.1月后测全血、肝、股骨、肾和脑中矿物质的含量.结果 与醋酸铅模型组相比,受试物各剂量组血、肝和脑铅水平显著降低;中、高剂量组骨、肾铅水平显著降低;各剂量组全血钙、铜、肾铜、脑钙水平显著降低,全血铁、骨钙、脑铁水平显著升高;中、高剂量组血锌、骨锌、肾铁水平显著升高,肝锌、肾锌水平显著降低;高剂量组脑铜水平显著降低,肝铁、脑锌水平显著升高.结论 排铅食品有明显改善铅中毒小鼠矿物质代谢紊乱的作用.     

排铅食品对铅中毒小鼠矿物质的影响

目的观察排铅食品对铅中毒小鼠矿物质的影响。方法选用90只18～22 g昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为阴性对照组、醋酸铅模型组、阳性药物组和受试物低、中、高剂量组。除阴性对照组自由饮用含12.50μL/L醋酸去离子水外,其余各组均自由饮用1.00 g/L醋酸铅水溶液染毒。30 d后,剂量组按人体推荐摄入量0.60 g/（kg.d）的5,10和20倍经口灌胃受试物,阳性药物组灌胃二巯基丁二酸溶液,醋酸铅模型组和阴性对照组灌胃去离子水。1月后测全血、肝、股骨、肾和脑中矿物质的含量。结果与醋酸铅模型组相比,受试物各剂量组血、肝和脑铅水平显著降低;中、高剂量组骨、肾铅水平显著降低;各剂量组全血钙、铜、肾铜、脑钙水平显著降低,全血铁、骨钙、脑铁水平显著升高;中、高剂量组血锌、骨锌、肾铁水平显著升高,肝锌、肾锌水平显著降低;高剂量组脑铜水平显著降低,肝铁、脑锌水平显著升高。结论排铅食品有明显改善铅中毒小鼠矿物质代谢紊乱的作用。     

铝螯合剂DFP对荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝和必需元素的影响

目的探讨铝螯合剂1,2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone,DFP)对荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝的促排作用及组织中锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等必需元素的影响。方法随机将30只雄性Wistar大鼠分为6组:阴性对照组、铝染毒组、预防组及低、中、高剂量组,AlCl3染毒3周后分别给予不同剂量的DFP 1周,测定脾脏及附睾中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素的含量。结果铝染毒组大鼠脾脏、附睾中的铝含量均显著高于阴性对照组,预防组、低、中、高剂量组显著低于铝染毒组,且高剂量组与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义;铝染毒组大鼠脾脏铜含量显著低于阴性对照组,中、高剂量组显著高于铝染毒组,且与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义;各组大鼠脾脏中锌、铁、钙、镁含量的差异均无统计学意义;铝染毒组大鼠附睾中的锌含量显著低于阴性对照组,预防组、低、中、高剂量组显著高于铝染毒组,高剂量组与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义;各组大鼠附睾中铜、铁、钙、镁含量的差异均无统计学意义。结论铝摄入量过多可使铝在脾脏及附睾中蓄积,D F P可促进铝的排出,且对锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素在体内的平衡不产生影响。     

铝螯合剂DFP对荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝和必需元素的影响

目的探讨铝螯合剂1，2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮（1，2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4．pyridone，DFP）对荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝的促排作用及组织中锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等必需元素的影响。方法随机将30只雄性Wistar大鼠分为6组：阴性对照组、铝染毒组、预防组及低、中、高剂量组，AlCl3染毒3周后分别给予不同剂量的DFP1周，测定脾脏及附睾中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素的含量。结果铝染毒组大鼠脾脏、附睾中的铝含量均显著高于阴性对照组，预防组、低、中、高剂量组显著低于铝染毒组，且高剂量组与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义；铝染毒组大鼠脾脏铜含量显著低于阴性对照组，中、高剂量组显著高于铝染毒组，且与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义；各组大鼠脾脏中锌、铁、钙、镁含量的差异均无统计学意义；铝染毒组大鼠附睾中的锌含量显著低于阴性对照组，预防组、低、中、高剂量组显著高于铝染毒组，高剂量组与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义；各组大鼠附睾中铜、铁、钙、镁含量的差异均无统计学意义。结论铝摄人量过多可使铝在脾脏及附睾中蓄积，DFP可促进铝的排出，且对锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素在体内的平衡不产生影响。     

烹制骨汤中钙等矿物质含量的测定及营养评价

采用家庭常规烹制方法制备无醋骨汤、低醋骨汤、高醋骨汤和本底汤汁,烹制时保持各组食物原料的比例和加热时间一致。骨汤样品经微波消解后,用原子吸收光谱仪分别检测其中钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、锌、铜、铅、汞和镉等矿物质含量,并进行组间比较。结果表明,骨汤中钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、锌、铜和镉含量在各组之间均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,而铅和汞元素含量无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;在骨汤烹制过程中,适量加入食醋可促使钙、镁、钾、铁等元素的溶出,增加矿物质含量,从而提高骨汤的营养价值。     

不同水平的大豆异黄酮拮抗β淀粉样肽介导的大鼠空间学习记忆损伤作用

目的研究不同剂量大豆异黄酮(SIF)对β淀粉样肽1-42(Aβ1-42)介导的空间学习记忆损伤大鼠的神经保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法按体重将3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:对照组、Aβ模型组、SIF低剂量组、SIF中剂量组、SIF高剂量组每组12只,SIF灌胃剂量分别为每天每公斤体重40、80和160 mg,对照组和模型组灌胃等量的0.5%CMC-Na,连续灌胃14 d后,模型组和实验组大鼠双侧海马CA1区注射Aβ1-42,制备大鼠学习记忆损伤模型。对照组注射等量生理盐水,于术后7 d,Morris水迷宫检测学习记忆能力;术后14 d,股动脉采血,断头处死,测定血清AOC、MDA、GSH-Px等抗氧化指标和脑矿物元素钙、镁、锰、铁、锌和铜的水平。结果1.与Aβ模型组比,SIF各剂量组潜伏期和总路程明显缩短,在平台象限距离的百分比明显增高(P<0.05),SIF高剂量组潜伏期比低剂量组缩短明显(P<0.05);2.与Aβ模型组比,SIF各剂量组血清AOC水平和GSH-Px活力显著增高,MDA水平显著降低(P<0.05),SIF中和高剂量组血清AOC水平高于低剂量组,SIF高剂量组MDA水平低于低剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3.与Aβ模型组比,SIF低、中、高剂量组锌含量和铜/锌值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),SIF中、高剂量组铜含量显著减少(P<0.05),并且SIF高剂量组铜含量和铜/锌值低于低剂量组。结论SIF可有效改善大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,可能是通过改善机体氧化还原状态,提高抗氧化水平,调节脑内矿物元素的平衡,进而拮抗Aβ介导的神经毒性,发挥其神经保护作用,并且在一定范围内表现出剂量-反应关系。     

岩藻多糖对急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的:研究岩藻多糖对急性酒精性损伤模型大鼠胃黏膜的保护作用,为胃黏膜保护类功能食品开发提供科学依据。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、海藻多糖各剂量组【0.083,0.167,0.334 g/(kg BW)】、阳性对照组【(甲氰咪胍,0.8 g/(kg BW)】,每组各10只。采用酒精灌胃致胃黏膜损伤模型。给予岩藻多糖30d后,观察胃黏膜组织的大体和病理组织改变,测定胃组织前列腺素E2含量、丙二醛含量、NO含量及超氧化歧化酶活力。结果:岩藻多糖能明显改善胃黏膜组织损伤情况,降低损伤积分(P0.05),提高酒精性损伤抑制率;在高剂量组能提高大鼠胃组织氧化歧化酶活力(P0.05);各剂量组均能提高大鼠胃组织前列腺素E2含量(P0.01)和NO含量(P0.05),降低大鼠胃组织丙二醛含量(P0.05)。结论 :岩藻多糖对大鼠急性酒精性胃粘膜损伤具有一定保护作用,其机制可能与增强胃黏膜保护因子,提高抗氧化和降低脂质过氧化能力有关。     

不同种类蛋白质对大鼠体内微量元素锌、铜、铁、锰代谢的影响研究

目的以酪蛋白为对照,研究大豆蛋白和花生蛋白对生长期大鼠体内锌、铜、铁、锰4种元素代谢的影响.方法36只生长期雄性SD大鼠随机被分为3组--酪蛋白组、大豆蛋白组、花生蛋白组,分别饲喂含20%酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、花生蛋白的人工半合成饲料,28 d后开始连续收集7 d的粪、尿样品,35 d后处死,取大鼠血、肝脏、肾脏和股骨,用原子吸收法测定其锌、铜、铁、锰含量.结果大豆蛋白组尿铁、锰排量、锌和铁的表观吸收率和表观存留率以及肝锌、肝铜和肾脏锰含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而血清、肾脏和股骨铜含量均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);花生蛋白组尿中各元素排泄量、铜和铁的表观吸收率、铜的表观存留率以及肝脏铁含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而粪铜排泄量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论大豆蛋白质使大鼠对锌和铁的表观吸收率和表观存留率显著增加;花生蛋白质使大鼠对铜的表观吸收率和表观存留率以及对铁的表观吸收率显著增加,提示大豆蛋白质对改善机体锌和铁代谢、花生蛋白质对机体铜和铁代谢的调节具有积极意义.     

铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖的制备及其铅吸附作用

目的:合成铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖,探讨其在体内外对铅离子的吸附性能。方法:以铅离子为模板分子,乳糖化壳聚糖为功能单体,加入交联剂环氧氯丙烷,用离子印迹技术合成铅离子印迹的乳糖化壳聚糖。通过扫描电镜对其形态结构进行表征。采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP)对影响铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖吸附铅离子的p H值、吸附时间、离子选择性进行研究。以铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖灌喂铅中毒实验模型小鼠,并设空白对照组和铅中毒模型组,用ICP测定其铅、钙、铁、锌含量。结果:合成的铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖对铅的最大吸附容量为43.98 mg/g;其吸附最适pH 5,最佳时间4 h,对铅离子具有选择吸附性。铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖组与对照组相比,血铅、肝铅含量明显降低(P0.01),血液和肝脏中钙、铁和锌的含量基本不变。结论:合成的铅离子印迹乳糖化壳聚糖,对体外和实验动物体内的铅离子都具有选择性吸附作用。     

Effect of diet on serum macroelement levels in patients with alcoholic lesions of the liver]

The content of seven main biometals: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron was studied in the blood serum of patients with alcoholic affection of the liver verified clinically and morphologically. In contrast to literature data, it has been established that the levels of the main elements in the blood serum of patients with alcoholic affections of the liver may be normal, and concentrations of zinc, copper and iron are even elevated. The initial body mass of patients significantly influences the mineral spectrum of the blood serum: the levels of zinc and copper in patients with excessive body mass and obesity were significantly higher than in those with normal body mass. The content of the main elements in the blood serum was not changed in relation to the degree of the liver affection and alimentary therapy.     

不同浓度海水灌溉对库拉索芦荟中微量元素的影响

采用原子吸收分光光度法分析了不同浓度海水灌溉的3年生库拉索芦荟中Ca、Mg、Na、K、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr共12种微量元素的含量。试验发现:各元素在芦荟中的含量差异较大,其中,Ca、Mg、Na、K含量丰富,Mn、Zn、Fe含量中等,而有毒重金属离子Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr含量很低;无论是凝胶还是全叶中,海水浓度对库拉索芦荟中Ca、Mn元素的影响很大,对其他各种元素的影响不大,但Cd离子的含量随海水灌溉浓度的升高呈略微上升趋势。     

Reduction of blood lead levels in lead-exposed mice by dietary supplements and natural antioxidants

BACKGROUND: Lead exposure is a global environmental problem that induces lifelong adverse health effects. Our aim was to investigate the effect of dietary supplements and natural antioxidants on blood lead levels (BLL) in lead‐exposed mice, and observe their impact on the absorption of calcium, iron and zinc in vivo. RESULTS: All of selected dietary supplements (calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and calcium‐rich milk) and natural antioxidants (extract of Chinese wolfberry, extract of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum and antioxidant extract of bamboo leaves) have promising capacity of reducing BLL in lead‐exposed mice with an reduction range from 56.2% to 65.1%. The metal ion‐mediated chelating and competitively inhibitory mechanisms may elucidate their reduction effect. Besides, blood calcium, iron and zinc levels were not significantly changed in all of the experimental groups, indicating that the intake of all additives does not disturb the absorption of essential mineral elements in mice. CONCLUSION: All the studied additives not only effectively reduce BLL, but also maintain normal calcium, iron and zinc absorption in mice. The formulation of calcium, iron and zinc supplements and/or polyphenol and vitamin‐rich antioxidants may constitute an important secondary prevention effort to reduce BLL and lead exposure. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study on some trace elements content of certain internal organs and muscles of porkers

The aim of the investigations was the determination of the lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and iron content. It was found that lead and cadmium content in the kidneys and livers of porkers from the Cracow region was several times higher than in the case of porkers from an agricultural region (control). The average lead concentration in 35% of kidneys and livers coming from the porkers of the Cracow region exceeded the permissible norm.     

Study on some trace elements content of certain internal organs and muscles of lambs

The aim of the investigations was the determination of the lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and iron content. It was found that lead and cadmium content in the kidneys and livers of lambs from the S?dziszów region was by several times higher than in the case of lambs from an agricultural region (control). The average lead concentration in 31% of kidneys and livers coming from the lambs of the S?dziszów region exceeded the permissible norm.     

Study on some trace elements content of certain internal organs and muscles of lambs.

The aim of the investigations was the determination of the lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and iron content. It was found that lead and cadmium content in the kidneys and livers of lambs from the Sedziszów region was by several times higher than in the case of lambs from an agricultural region (control). The average lead concentration in 31% of kidneys and livers coming from the lambs of the Sedziszów region exceeded the permissible norm.     

Content of metals in rabbit tissues

The purpose of the experiments was the determination of lead, cadmium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium in some internal organs and muscles of rabbits. The investigations were performed in 1990 with 360 white New Zealand and black-white rabbits which were slaughtered when they had 2.0 kg in weight. The experimental material (180 animals) came from a rabbit farm kept by Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding in the Agricultural Academy of Cracow. The control group constituted 180 rabbits from an area without the industry. With regard to the average lead content in 22% of kidneys and liver of experimental rabbit group an exceeding of the allowable limit and in average cadmium content in 18% of kidneys and liver was stated. The cadmium contents of values for the kidneys, liver, heart and muscles are several times higher compared with the highest values which were determined for the organs and muscles from the control area.     

薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响

目的:探讨薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响。方法:将30只SD成年雌鼠随机分为5组。4组大鼠做双侧卵巢切除手术,一周后分为空白组和薛荔籽果胶高、中、低剂量组;用伪切除同龄大鼠作对照(Sham组)。喂养4周后解剖,测定盲肠内容物pH值、短链脂肪酸、骨钙、骨磷含量及矿物质元素的表观吸收等指标。结果:去势雌性大鼠对钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率及骨钙和骨磷含量显著低于正常大鼠(P<0.05)。薛荔籽果胶能显著增加去势雌性大鼠短链脂肪酸含量和盲肠面积(P<0.05),降低盲肠pH值,并且在一定程度上抑制钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率。结论:薛荔籽果胶能降低去势雌性大鼠矿物质的表观吸收率。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定雄蚕蛾中8种元素

目的 建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)法同时测定雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌8种元素的含量的方法。方法 样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后, 通过在线加入内标溶液校正, 以72Ge为内标, 采用ICP-MS测定雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌8种元素的含量。结果 8种元素线性良好, 相关系数为0.9995~0.9999; 钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌的检出限分别为0.04、0.0004、0.003、0.003、0.01、0.004、0.0005、0.006 mg/kg; 8种元素的回收率在91.3%~98.6%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)≤3.7%(n=6)。结论 该方法灵敏度高、稳定性好, 可以满足雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌的同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定马鹿皮中9种元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法同时测定马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌9种元素的含量的方法。方法样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后,通过在线加入内标溶液校正,以72Ge为内标,采用ICP-MS测定马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌9种元素的含量。结果 9种元素线性良好,相关系数为0.9995~1.0000;钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌的检出限分别为4、0.007、0.2、1、1、0.3、0.004、0.009、0.05 mg/kg;9种元素的回收率在86%~116%之间;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)≤7.2%(n=6)。结论该方法灵敏度高、稳定性好,可以满足马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌的测定。