复合植物去屑剂的研发与应用

基于马拉色菌抑菌圈法,从18种中草药中筛选出抑菌效果好的中草药植物提取液,复配成为复合植物去屑剂。复合植物去屑剂经实验,验证了体外抑菌效果和抗敏效果。复合植物去屑剂取代化学去屑剂制备去屑洗发水,经人群试用评价验证,控油去屑效果优于市售产品。     

多种药剂对水稻纹枯病菌的毒力测定及田间药效

[目的]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验筛选出防控水稻纹枯病的新药剂及其混剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定14种杀菌剂和3种复配药剂对水稻纹枯病的抑制作用,并进行田间药效试验。[结果]供试药剂咯菌腈、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、氟环唑对水稻纹枯病病菌菌丝生长有良好的抑制作用,其EC50值均小于1 mg/L,分别为0.160 0、0.198 8、0.225 0、0.606 8 mg/L。混剂复配筛选中咯菌腈和吡唑醚菌酯质量比为5颐1时对水稻纹枯病的防效较好,EC50值为0.043 1 mg/L,增效系数为3.84。田间试验验证了该复配药剂的防治效果。[结论]筛选的咯菌腈·吡唑醚菌酯混剂对水稻纹枯病具有良好的防治效果,可作为防治水稻纹枯病的有效药剂。     

无菌药品生产车间灭菌系统设计探讨

灭菌是无菌药品生产的关键环节,根据《药品生产质量管理规范》(2010年修订)的要求,结合本人的设计实例,对无菌药品生产车间灭菌系统的设计做简单的探讨和归纳。阐述了干热灭菌、湿热灭菌、过滤除菌三种方法的工作原理及影响灭菌效果的主要因素,并对灭菌设备的选用情况作简要说明。     

用于发酵工程的灭菌技术

介绍了发酵工程中培养基灭菌及空气灭菌的基本方法和灭菌装置,结合蒸汽喷射连续灭菌装置及板式热交换器灭菌装置的特点,提出了将上述2种装置组合的培养基连续灭菌流程;通过采用玻璃纤维过滤器和金属过滤器对空气除菌,除菌率达99.999%。     

紫外线对饮料用塑料瓶的灭菌效果研究

利用紫外线设备对饮料用塑料瓶进行消毒灭菌。通过试验研究,灭菌效果受到照射剂量影响,在一定的照射强度下,照射剂量随时间增加而增加。当照射剂量到达一定量后,再继续增加剂量对灭菌效果没有明显的增强。由于杀灭不同种类的微生物所需要的照射剂量存在较大的差异,因此各微生物的灭菌率相差甚远。     

烟草青枯病生防芽孢杆菌协同防治药剂的筛选和复配

[目的]为提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bs2-4防治烟草青枯病效果,筛选出与Bs2-4菌株复配药剂及比例。[方法]采用抑菌圈法测定7种杀菌剂和Bs2-4菌对烟草青枯病菌的毒力,计算EC50值。平板菌落计数法测定杀菌剂与Bs2-4菌生物相容性,Horsfall法确定复配方案。[结果]硫酸链霉素抑制中质量浓度最低,为170.01 mg/L,且与Bs2-4菌有较好生物相容性。170.01 mg/L硫酸链霉素与3.3×107 cfu/m L Bs2-4菌体积比为4∶6时,IR值为1.232。复配剂对烟草青枯病菌生长抑制率达68.59%,烟草青枯病防效达65.85%,显著高于单剂防效。[结论]硫酸链霉素可与解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bs2-4菌联用防治青枯病,混剂施用减少一半化学农药施用量。     

石榴枯萎病防治药剂筛选和复配作用的初步研究

[目的]植物病害严重威胁着植物的正常生长,筛选和评价高效、低毒、低残留的病害抑制剂,在植物病害的防控中有重要的应用价值。[方法]选取石榴枯萎病,采用菌丝生长速率法测定,4种杀菌剂和生活中常见的具有抑菌作用的6种植物的提取液对石榴枯萎病病原菌进行室内毒力测定试验,并筛选防效最好的杀菌剂、植物提取液并进行复配,使用复配剂再次对植物病害病原菌进行室内毒力测定试验。[结果]不同杀菌剂单剂与植物提取液单剂对石榴枯萎病菌均有明显抑制作用。筛选出的氟菌·氟环唑和大蒜复配剂不同比例均有明显增效。[结论]研究发现天然植物提取液中存在抑制石榴枯萎病病原菌的活性物质。     

新型防霉、防菌剂在涂料中的应用研究

考查了几种防霉、防菌剂对黑曲霉、黄曲霉等菌种的最低抑制浓度,并对添加了不同防霉、防菌剂的苯丙乳液内外墙涂料进行了挑战性试验和防霉试验。结果显示,几种防霉、防菌剂都具有用量小、使用方便及耐候性好等优点,可以取代高毒、有害的甲醛等杀菌剂。     

银耳、透骨草、谷精草提取物的制备及其复配物的功效评价

采用正交试验对银耳子实体多糖、透骨草抑菌成分以及谷精草总黄酮提取条件优化,并对3种提取物复配后的产物进行护肤功效评价。结果表明,优化条件下银耳子实体多糖得率32.15%,透骨草提取物稀释5倍后抑菌圈直径为22.2 mm,谷精草黄酮得率为0.067%。对3种提取物复配比例优化,结果显示,复配产物保湿效果与1%透明质酸钠接近,抑菌圈明显,自由基清除率在测试条件下超过80%。试验为中草药提取物在化妆品中应用提供理论依据。     

皮革防霉剂B-3CL与B-200P的合成及抑菌试验

本文报导两种国内尚无生产的防霉剂的合成及部分物化常数,其一系文献上未记述过的一个新衍生物。经抑菌试验证实,它们具有很强的抑菌性能及一定的防霉效果,若与它种防霉剂复配后对皮革的防霉效果会更好。     

甘氨酸高级醇酯的合成及抗菌性能

本文报道用酯交换法合成五种甘氨酸高级醇酯的方法,并测定了它们对棒状杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、苏云金杆菌、绿脓杆菌、青霉和曲霉等的抑制和杀灭作用。     

聚氨酯抗菌涂料的研究进展

本文根据抗菌方式的不同介绍了聚氨酯抗菌涂料的抑制细菌附着和杀菌 2种机理,以及基于这 2种抗菌机理的聚氨酯抗菌涂料的研究进展。基于抑制细菌附着机理的聚氨酯与不同抗菌物质结合形成了抑制细菌附着的抗菌;基于杀菌机理的聚氨酯与天然、无机、有机抗菌剂等活性抗菌剂结合,通过设计修改聚氨酯结构形成了有杀菌作用的抗菌涂料;展望了聚氨酯抗菌涂料的发展。     

56种植物对植物病原菌的生物活性

以小麦赤霉菌等6种常见植物病原真菌为对象,采用生长速率法对56种植物的甲醇提取物进行了室内抑菌活性测定.结果表明:多数供试中草药植物提取物对植物病原真菌都表现出了不同程度的抑菌活性,其中黄连、藁本、臭椿3种植物的甲醇提取物表现出强烈的抑菌活性,对供试的6种病原真菌中的5种生长抑制率都在80%以上,值得深入研究.     

Microbial contamination of orthodontic buccal tubes from manufacturers

This study aimed to test the sterility of new unused orthodontic buccal tubes received from manufacturers. Four different types of buccal tubes were used straight from the manufactures package without any additional sterilizing step. Of these buccal tubes tested, three genera of bacteria, implicated as opportunistic pathogens, namely Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were recovered from these buccal tubes. Our data showing microbial contamination on buccal tubes highlights the need of sterilization before clinical use. We also suggest that manufacturers should list the sterility state of orthodontic buccal tubes on their packaging or instructions stating the need for sterilization.     

大豆根表拮抗细菌的筛选及其防病作用

从大豆根表分离出20株对植物病原真菌有拮抗作用的细菌,其中4株对供试的6种病原真菌均有抑制作用,对小麦赤霉菌、纹枯菌、黑粉菌、番茄灰霉菌、早疫菌、山芋黑疤病菌的拮抗频率分别为18．8％、18．8％、27．1％、22．9％、29．2％、22．9％。发酵液对小麦赤霉病菌、番茄灰霉菌、早疫病菌孢子萌发均有抑制作用,对上述3种病菌引起的病害田间防效良好。     

新型非氧化型的水不溶杀菌剂的合成及应用试验

将自行研制的非氧化型的水不溶杀菌剂尼龙6树脂载体高分子季胺盐杀菌剂和强酸型阳离子树脂载体高分子季胺盐杀菌剂应用于锦州石化公司工业循环冷却水,对其进行杀菌处理试验,结果表明这两种杀菌剂在30℃时、作用30 min对工业循环冷却水中异养菌、氨化细菌、反硝化细菌的杀菌率在90%以上,真菌的杀菌率在80%以上。有望应用于工业循环冷却水处理。     

Antioxidant effect and antimicrobial activity of phenolic sulfides

Some phenolic compounds containing both phenolic hydroxyl groups and sulfide groups in the molecules were prepared by Michael addition and radical addition reactions of ethanethiol and ethanedithiol witho-, m- andp-vinylphenol. The antioxidant effect of these products on the autoxidation of lard was examined by an oven test at 60°C. The antimicrobial activities of these products were evaluated by an agar dilution method. Three kinds of gram-positive and three kinds of gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as six kinds of fungal strains were used for the test. It was found that the Michael addition products showed considerably better antioxidant effects than BHT, whereas the radical addition products did not show any antioxidant effect. The antioxidant effects of these compounds were influenced by the positions of the sulfide groups in their molecules. The phenolic sulfides tested in this report showed good antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi.     

8种中药提取物在膏霜类化妆品中的抑菌效能研究

采用纤维素酶法提取8种中药(丁香、鱼腥草、虎杖、黄连、大黄、细辛、甘草和黄芩),并采用滤纸片法和试管二倍稀释法研究8种中药提取物的抑菌效能。根据其抑菌作用进行复配研究,参考美国个人护理品委员会(PCPC)的抑菌效能测试方法对膏霜配方进行微生物挑战试验。结果表明,在8种中药提取物中,黄连提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希氏菌的抑制效果最好,其抑菌圈直径分别为(12.4±0.4),(11.4±0.6)和(10.7±0.2)mm,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为31.25,31.25和15.625 g/L。当黄连和黄芩提取物在膏霜配方中的质量分数分别为0.8%和0.6%时,可较强地抑制细菌和真菌的生长,可通过微生物挑战试验。     

Characterization,surface properties and biological activity of some synthesized anionic surfactants

In this study, esterification reaction between four different fatty alcohols (octyl, dodecyl, hexdecyl and octadecyl alcohol) and phosphoric acid was performed. The produced compound was reacted with polyethylene glycol-400. Then, the reaction product was quenched using sodium hydroxide to form the desired anionic gemini surfactants. The chemical structures of the synthesized surfactants were recognized by FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized surfactants showed higher surface activity. The emulsion stability measurements showed the applicability of these surfactants as emulsifying agents. The foaming power measurements showed the synthesized surfactants have low ability to foam formation. The thermodynamic parameters showed their tendency toward adsorption at the interfaces and also micellization in the bulk of their solutions. The studied surfactants were evaluated as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria using inhibition zone diameters. The synthesized surfactants showed good antimicrobial activities against the tested microorganisms including Gram positive, Gram negative as well as fungi. The promising inhibition efficiency of these compounds against the pathogenic bacteria facilitates them to be applicable in the petroleum field as new categories of biocides.