铜包石墨对酚醛树脂基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

目的 提高石墨与酚醛树脂的界面结合强度,改善酚醛树脂基复合材料的摩擦学性能。方法 用高温浸渗法制备铜包石墨,并制备铜包石墨-酚醛树脂基复合材料。通过摩擦磨损实验,研究铜包石墨对酚醛树脂基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,并对比相同成分铜/石墨混合填充酚醛树脂基复合材料的摩擦学性能。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和光学显微镜对摩擦磨损表面进行分析,研究材料摩擦磨损机理。结果 石墨表面经过金属铜处理后,金属铜由分散的聚集态转变为附着态,制备的铜包石墨颗粒整体分散度高、形状好。铜包石墨-酚醛树脂基复合材料中石墨与基体界面结合紧密,保持了酚醛树脂的连续相结构,摩擦磨损表面相对平整,复合材料平均比磨损率为3.98×10^?6 mm³/(N.m),瞬时摩擦系数波动幅度小,摩擦磨损机理以粘着磨损为主。相同成分制备的铜/石墨混合填充酚醛树脂基复合材料的界面结合度较差,摩擦磨损表面有较多裂痕,复合材料平均比磨损率为7.80×10^?6 mm³/(N.m),瞬时摩擦系数波动幅度大,摩擦磨损机理以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主。结论 石墨通过表面金属铜处理,不仅能提高与基体界面结合强度,还能同时有效提高酚醛树脂基复合材料的耐磨性能和摩擦稳定性。     

脉冲偏压对直流磁控溅射沉积MoN薄膜结构及性能的影响

MoN薄膜是一种具有潜在应用价值的薄膜材料,但对于其结构和性能的研究还较少。采用直流磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢基体表面沉积MoN薄膜,研究了脉冲偏压对MoN薄膜结构和性能的影响,并系统研究了MoN薄膜在不同摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析薄膜的晶相结构、晶粒尺寸、表面及断面形貌,采用HMV-2T显微硬度仪测试薄膜的显微硬度。采用UMT-TriboLab多功能摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电镜观察磨损表面,分析其磨损机制。结果表明：脉冲偏压显著影响直流磁控沉积的MoN薄膜的晶相结构、表面形貌、断面结构、硬度和摩擦磨损性能;随脉冲偏压的增大,MoN薄膜的膜厚、硬度都先增大后减小,而薄膜的磨损率却先减小后增大,其中-500 V脉冲偏压下沉积的MoN薄膜具有最高硬度为7731 N/mm²,以及最低的磨损率为5.8×10^-7 mm³/（N·m）。此外,MoN薄膜在不同载荷和转速的摩擦条件下表现出不同的摩擦学行为。     

石墨烯量子点/纳米Al2O3协同生长润滑转移膜机制∗

为改善环氧树脂(EP)的摩擦学性能,将氮掺杂的石墨烯量子点(N-GQDs)和 Al2O3 纳米颗粒(Nano-Al₂O₃ )杂化物添加到环氧树脂中制备 EP 纳米复合材料。 利用 MRH-1A 摩擦试验机考察纳米复合材料在 PAO 油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能, 结合磨损表面的形貌及摩擦化学分析,研究界面转移膜的形成机理和润滑效应。 试验结果表明,3N-GQDs-1Nano-Al₂O₃ / EP 纳米复合材料获得了最好的摩擦学性能,其最低摩擦因数和磨损率分别为 0. 08 和 7. 4×10^-5 mm³ / Nm。 同时对偶金属表面上能够观察到一层均匀的转移膜,其中 C、N、O 元素主要分布于沟壑,而 N、Al 元素则集中于高台区域。 机理分析表明,N-GQDs 和 Nano-Al₂O₃ 有效促进了转移膜的生成,从而避免了摩擦界面的直接接触。     

等离子喷涂NiAl-MoO3/BaO复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能及润滑机理研究

目的 根据氧化物润滑离子势和阳离子极化率判据,研究MoO3/BaO复合对等离子喷涂NiAl基复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能影响,并阐明复合涂层的高温润滑机理。方法 采用等离子喷涂技术(APS)制备MoO3/BaO(1∶1)质量分数分别为20%、30%、40%的复合涂层。采用显微硬度计、万能材料试验机、摩擦磨损试验机等测试复合涂层的硬度、结合强度、摩擦学性能。通过扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍 射仪(XRD)、激光拉曼散射仪(Raman)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析涂层的微观组织结构、磨损表面形貌、物相结构等。结果 选用互作用参数较低和离子势差较大的MoO3/BaO作为复配润滑剂制备的NiAl-MoO3/BaO复合涂层有效改善了NiAl涂层的高温摩擦学性能,特别是NiAl-30% MoO3/BaO(1∶1)的复合涂层在800 ℃具有较低的摩擦系数(0.15)和磨损率(9.31×10^–5mm³/(N.m))。结论 复合涂层在600 ℃以上具有良好的减摩性能,高温促进了磨损表面形成新的三元高温润滑相BaMoO4、NiMoO4,并与MoO3 和NiO起到协同润滑作用,显著提升了复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能,同时摩擦对偶表面形成的复合氧化物润滑转移膜,降低了涂层的磨损率。     

石墨烯含量对激光熔覆镍基熔覆层组织和性能的影响

目的 研究石墨烯(Gr)含量对镍基熔覆层组织和性能的影响,通过分析Gr含量对复合熔覆层的影响规律来确定Gr的最佳添加含量,同时进行横向、纵向等2个方向上的摩擦磨损测试,以分析扫描方向对摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法 采用预置粉末法制备石墨烯/镍基(Gr/Ni60)合金熔覆层,并针对Gr的质量分数分别为0%、0.3%、0.5%、0.8%、1%的复合涂层进行物相检测、微观组织、显微硬度、摩擦性能等方面的分析。结果 Gr的加入没有引起镍基熔覆层相组成的变化,主要组成相为γ?Ni、Cr7C3、Cr23C6。随着Gr含量的增加,复合涂层晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,晶粒明显细化,显微硬度由623.12HV逐步提升到828.65HV,横向磨损平均摩擦因数从0.65降至0.48,磨损率从7.5×10^?5mm³/(N.m)降至3.6×10^?5mm³/(N.m)。纵向磨损平均摩擦因数从0.70降至0.58,磨损率从5.7×10^?5 mm³/(N.m)降至4.5×10^?5 mm³/(N.m)。当Gr的质量分数为1%时复合涂层的晶粒尺寸与Gr的质量分数为0.8%时相比有所增加,且硬度和摩擦性能略有下降。当Gr的质量分数为0.8%时,复合涂层具有更好的晶粒结构、显微硬度和耐磨性,且横向摩擦性能优于纵向摩擦性能。结论 在镍基熔覆层中添加Gr可以起到明显的强化作用,过量添加Gr会使熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦性能下降,在添加Gr之前熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,加入Gr之后磨损机制转变为黏着磨损和氧化磨损,并伴随磨粒磨损。     

Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层制备及高温摩擦学行为研究

目的 基于表面耐高温薄膜和高承载金属陶瓷涂层性能优势协同的设计思想,制备Cr3C2-NiCr/ TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层,提高硬质薄膜机械性能和不同温度下的摩擦学性能。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和电弧离子镀(AIP)技术制备Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米压入仪、划痕仪和高温摩擦磨损试验机等对复合涂层的微观结构、机械性能和不同温度下的摩擦磨损行为进行系统研究。结果 Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层微观结构致密,界面结合良好,其顶层耐高温薄膜由CrAlN结合层和TiSiN-CrAlN交替多层构成,总厚度约6.7 μm,低于不锈钢表面直接沉积TiSiN-CrAlN薄膜的厚度(约9.6 μm)。Cr3C2-NiCr支撑层微观结构和形貌影响其表面沉积TiSiN-CrAlN薄膜的结晶性。Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层具有优异的机械性能,其纳米硬度和弹性模量分别高达(37.3±2.6)GPa和(506.1±10.6)GPa,结合力相比不锈钢表面TiSiN-CrAlN多层膜显著提高。得益于Cr3C2-NiCr支撑层的引入,复合涂层在不同温度下的摩擦因数和磨损率均比单一薄膜的低,其摩擦因数在900 ℃下可稳定保持在0.44左右,磨损率约为3.13×10^?5 mm³/(N.m),表现出良好的高温摩擦学性能。此外,磨损机制分析表明,500 ℃以下主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,摩擦因数较大、不稳定,但磨损率基本不变;700 ℃时由于Cr3C2-NiCr层的支撑作用而无明显的疲劳磨损,氧化磨损发生;900 ℃时氧化磨损主导,摩擦界面生成主要成分为TiO2、Cr2O3的摩擦反应膜。结论 采用HVOF和PVD相结合的方法在不锈钢表面制备的Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层具有良好的机械性能和优异的高温摩擦学性能,可进一步改善耐高温薄膜的综合性能,具有良好的应用前景。     

不同h-BN含量Ni-P-WS2-BN化学镀层的组织结构及磨损性能

目的 通过化学镀共沉积技术在Ni-P-WS2镀层中引入六方氮化硼(h-BN)纳米粉末,以进一步提升其硬度和耐磨性,改善其摩擦学性能。方法 将六方氮化硼(h-BN)纳米粉末与二硫化钨(WS2)纳米粉末共沉积制备Ni-P-WS2-BN复合镀层,并对其进行400 ℃×1 h的惰性气氛热处理。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、摩擦磨损试验机等对镀层的化学成分、组织结构及摩擦学性能进行表征,考察h-BN用量及热处理对复合镀层的影响。结果 随着镀液中h-BN用量的增加,镀层中h-BN含量持续上升,镀层的表面粗糙程度先升高、后降低,胞块结构有致密化倾向,硬度由321HV0.1上升至522HV0.1,磨损率从1.82×10^–13 m³/(N.m)降至0.95×10^–13 m³/(N.m),平均摩擦因数介于1.61~2.00,且呈先降后升的趋势(h-BN用量为3.0 g/L时达到最小值)。经热处理后,镀层硬度可达457~822HV0.1,磨损率从1.24×10^–13 m³/(N.m)降至0.31×10^–13 m³/(N.m),平均摩擦因数降至0.93~1.29。复合镀层的磨损以磨粒磨损机制为主。结论 h-BN粉末的共沉积和400 ℃退火处理可显著提高复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性,大幅度降低摩擦因数和磨损率,改善复合镀层的综合性能。     

超硬TiSiCN纳米复合涂层在多环境下的摩擦学性能

TiSiCN 硬质纳米复合涂层因其优异的力学性能和摩擦学性能而被广泛应用于各类机械零部件表面的防护涂层,但是超硬耐磨 TiSiCN 纳米复合涂层的可控制备技术仍然有待进一步研究。 采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术,微脉冲振荡开启时间 ＜i＞τ＜/i＞_on = 50 μs,平均靶功率 4~ 8 kW,在 AISI 316L 不锈钢和 Si(100)单晶硅表面沉积了一系列不同成分的 TiSiCN 纳米复合涂层。 通过 XRD、FESEM、TEM、Raman 表征了涂层的结构和成分,采用纳米压痕仪和显微硬度计表征涂层的硬度和断裂韧性 K_IC 。 通过摩擦磨损试验机表征了涂层在不同介质环境下的摩擦学性能,利用表面轮廓仪和光学显微镜对磨痕形貌进行进一步分析。 分析结果表明 TiSiCN 涂层由非晶包覆晶粒尺寸为 4 ~ 11 nm 的 TiCN 纳米晶构成。 随着靶功率的增加,涂层的硬度从 32. 6 GPa 增至 41. 3 GPa,膜-基结合力等级均为 HF2~ HF1。 8 kW 制备的 TiSiCN 涂层在干摩擦、酸、碱、油溶液环境下的磨损率分别为 5. 9×10 ^-6 mm ³N ^-1m ^-1 、4. 3×10 ^-5 mm ³N ^-1m ^-1 、9. 1×10 ^-5 mm ³N ^-1m ^-1 和 1. 28×10 ^-9 mm ³N ^-1m ^-1 。 研究成果表明采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术制备的 TiSiCN 纳米复合涂层在酸、碱、油溶液环境下均具有优异的耐摩擦学性能,在各类腐蚀环境中具有优异的应用前景。     

宽温域环境下不同纤维织物/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究高温条件下聚合物织物复合材料的摩擦学性能。方法 分别制备碳纤维织物及芳纶纤维织物/聚酰亚胺复合材料及纯聚酰亚胺(CF-PI、AF-PI及PI),对比研究2种织物复合材料与聚酰亚胺的热力学性能,以及在25、50、100、150、200 ℃下的摩擦学性能。结果 AF-PI的热稳定性低于CF-PI,其中CF-PI热失质量稳定在800 ℃左右,AF-PI的热失质量稳定在700 ℃左右。同时,2种织物复合材料的拉伸强度均高于纯PI,且CF-PI的拉伸强度要高于AF-PI。断面形貌分析发现,CF-PI为脆性断裂,AF-PI为韧性断裂。摩擦实验结果表明,25 ℃时,AF-PI的摩擦系数和磨损率较低,更适用于室温环境,而CF-PI在200 ℃时具有较好的耐磨性,其磨损率为1.48´10^–4 mm³/(N×m)。结论 转移膜结构和化学状态分析证实,由于CF-PI与GCr15之间较强的界面作用,室温条件下对摩后,轴承钢表面更易发生摩擦氧化。高温条件下,由于金属–有机螯合物的形成,提高了转移膜的结构稳定性,CF-PI表现出优异的摩擦学性能,然而200 ℃时,由于AF-PI的力学性能降低,材料被磨穿,转移膜的结构被破坏,导致了金属之间的摩擦,发生了严重的摩擦氧化。     

电弧喷涂碳纤维增强铝基耐蚀减磨复合涂层研究

目的 制备耐蚀减磨性能优异的碳纤维增强铝基复合涂层。方法 利用粉芯丝材技术制备碳纤维增强铝基复合粉芯丝材,再利用电弧喷涂技术将制备的复合粉芯丝材制备成复合涂层。对铝基涂层使用SEM、XRD进行微观形貌、物化性能检测,使用摩擦磨损试验机、电化学工作站、中性盐雾试验机等对涂层的摩擦学、耐腐蚀性能等进行检测,综合评价在涂层体系中添加碳纤维对铝基涂层性能的影响。结果 添加碳纤维的铝基复合涂层相较于纯Al涂层,其摩擦学性能得到显著提升,摩擦系数由纯Al涂层的~0.4下降至~0.2,磨损率由纯Al涂层的~2.0×10^–3 mm³/(N.m)下降至~8×10^–4 mm³/(N.m),相关指标均下降了50%以上。同时,利用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层表面的磨痕及对磨副的划痕,并分析了铝基涂层的磨损机理,结果表明,Al/CFs复合涂层主要以磨粒磨损为主导机制,而纯Al涂层则以粘着磨损为主导机制。通过电化学工作站测试涂层的动电位极化曲线和Bode曲线分析涂层发生腐蚀的趋势,其电化学结果表明,添加碳纤维后不显著影响铝基涂层的耐腐蚀性能。进一步中性盐雾试验结果表明,中性盐雾试验720 h后,铝基涂层均未出现明显的腐蚀产物,涂层展现了优异的耐腐蚀性能。结论 利用粉芯丝材技术和电弧喷涂技术可以制备碳纤维增强铝基复合粉芯丝材及其涂层,在不影响原有铝涂层耐腐蚀性能的前提下,添加碳纤维可显著降低复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率,使涂层具有耐蚀减磨性能,可拓展铝基涂层在耐蚀减磨领域中的应用。     

One-step electrodeposition to fabricate robust superhydrophobic silver/graphene coatings with excellent stability

A facile method was proposed to prepare stretchable silver-based composite coatings with excellent conductivity and stability for flexible electronics. Silver coating was firstly deposited on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer rubber surface via two-component spraying technique, then the superhydrophobic surface was obtained by one-step electrodeposition of cerium compounds (CeM) and graphene nanosheets (GNS) to produce Ag/CeM/GNS composite coatings. The obtained Ag/CeM/GNS composite coatings maintained high conductivity after experiencing bending cycles and stretching cycles. Furthermore, the as-prepared Ag/CeM/GNS composite coatings showed excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties, and the corrosion resistance has improved significantly compared to the original Ag coating. In addition, the Ag/CeM/GNS composite coatings could drive the circuit normally in the states of tensile, bending and twisting deformation, showing excellent mechanical stability and applicability. As a result, it is believed that the prepared Ag/CeM/GNS composite coatings with excellent conductivity and stability have promising applications for flexible electronics in harsh conditions.     

Mechanical and tribological behaviors of graphene/Inconel 718 composites

Graphene/Inconel 718 composites were innovatively synthesized through selective laser melting, and the mechanical and tribological performances of the grapheme-reinforced Inconel 718 matrix composites were evaluated. The composite microstructures were characterized by XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that selective laser melting is a viable method to fabricate Inconel 718 matrix composite and the addition of graphene nanoplatelets leads to a significant strengthening of Inconel 718 alloy, as well as the improvement of tribological performance. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 1.0% graphene/Inconel 718 composites (mass fraction) are 42% and 53% higher than those of pure material, and the friction coefficient and wear rate are 22.4% and 66.8% lower than those of pure material. The decrease of fraction coefficient and wear rate is attributed to the improved hardness of composites and the formation of graphene nanoplatelet protective layer on the worn surfaces.     

氧化还原法制备石墨烯对镍基复合镀层的摩擦学性能影响

采用Hummers氧化法和肼还原法制备了石墨烯,并在45钢表面获得石墨烯/镍基复合镀层,研究了石墨烯的片层数量和热稳定性,对复合镀层的表面及截面形貌进行观察并测试其摩擦学性能。结果表明：肼还原法获得的石墨烯层数约2层,其热稳定性高于Hummers法获得的氧化石墨。不同石墨烯添加量 (0.1,0.2和0.4 g/L) 的镍基复合镀层厚度约20~30 μm。干摩擦时,石墨烯添加量为0.4 g/L的复合镀层摩擦系数和磨损率最低,较基体分别降低了13%和65%,磨损表面较光滑并可见石墨烯沉积后的微凸体形态,Fe的含量极少,说明磨痕深度很浅。     

低介电聚酰亚胺/氟化石墨烯复合薄膜的制备及表征

目的为了解决超大规模电路高度集成所引起的RC延迟、信号串扰、能耗及噪声等一系列问题,制备具有低介电常数的聚酰亚胺/氟化石墨烯复合薄膜。方法分别采用液相剥离法和两步法制备了氟化石墨烯溶液和聚酰胺酸前驱体溶液,通过溶液共混法制备聚酰亚胺/氟化石墨烯复合薄膜,并通过透射电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪以及精密阻抗分析仪,对氟化石墨烯、聚酰亚胺及聚酰亚胺/氟化石墨烯复合薄膜的微观结构和介电性能进行表征研究。结果氟化石墨烯和聚酰亚胺成功复合得到了聚酰亚胺/氟化石墨烯复合薄膜,且复合薄膜的介电常数由3.63降到了2.52。结论成功制备了低介电常数的聚酰亚胺/氟化石墨烯复合薄膜。     

Wear and Friction Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Based Coatings Subject to Nano-enhanced Lubricant and Composite Coating

This paper presents research findings on the tribological performance of electrodeposited coatings subject to nano-lubricants with the addition of nano-Al_2O_3 and graphene and Ni/nano-Al_2O_3 composite coatings. Electrodeposited coatings were produced by using a pulse electrodeposition method. Tribological experiments were conducted by using a linear reciprocating ball on flat sliding tribometer. Experimental results confirmed that the wear and friction resistance properties were significantly enhanced by doping of nano-effects in the lubricating oil and composite coating. The addition of Al_2O_3 nanoparticles in the lubricating oil showed the best tribological properties, followed by Ni–Al_2O_3 composite coatings and nano-oil with graphene. The surface morphology and microstructure of electrodeposited coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The wear mechanisms of these coatings subjected to tribological testing were investigated by post-test surface analyses. This research provides a novel approach to design durable nano-coatings for tribological applications in various industries such as automotive,aerospace, locomotive and renewable energy technologies.     

Tribological Behavior of In Situ TiC/Graphene/Graphite/Ti6Al4V Matrix Composite Through Laser Cladding

The TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared by laser cladding.The microstructure and tribological behavior of the coating were studied.The in situ reaction between graphene and Ti occurred,and feathery TiC was formed.The feathery TiC was homogeneously distributed between α'acicular martensites which was refined with the addition of graphene.Some graphene was transformed into a11otrope graphite under the laser irradiation.The TiC hard particles and the self-lubrication of graphene/graphite improved the wear resistance of composite coating.The wear rate and friction coefficient of TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6A14V composite coating decreased with the increase in sliding speed,a mechanical mixing layer (MML) was formed on the wear surface of the composite coating under the frictional heat,which protected the substrate and reduced the contact.Because of the self-lubricating properties of graphene/graphite,interlayer sliding occurred easily,which also effectively reduced friction.The wear rate of TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6A14V composite coating increased with the increase in load,but the friction coefficient decreased.The plastic deformation of subsurface layer was more serious under high load,and a stable self-lubricating MML with a protective effect was formed between the wear interfaces,which reduced the friction coefficient.With the increase in load,the wear mechanism changed from abrasive and oxidation wear to delamination,fatigue and oxidation wear.     

激光熔覆NiCoCrAlY/HfB2复合涂层结构及高温摩擦学性能

利用激光熔覆技术在纯钛表面制备了NiCoCrAlY/HfB2复合涂层。用XRD和SEM分析了涂层的组成和组织结构,在SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机上对涂层不同温度下的摩擦磨损性能进行对比测试,采用SEM和三维表面轮廓仪对磨损后试样、对偶球和磨屑的形貌进行了分析。结果表明:NiCoCrAlY/HfB2复合涂层主要组成为NiTi、HfB2、TiB2、Co3Ti、CrTi4和Hf3Ni7相,复合涂层与基材冶金结合,涂层晶体结构主要为块状晶。涂层的平均显微硬度约为850HV0.2,是基材硬度的4.25倍。在20℃、100℃、300℃和500℃摩擦测试温度下涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率随温度的升高而减小,复合涂层的磨损率在10-4～10-5 mm3/Nm数量级,具有较好的高温耐磨性能,涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

激光熔覆NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层 结构及空间摩擦学性能

目的 提高钛及钛合金的空间摩擦学性能,拓展钛及钛合金在空间技术领域的应用范围。方法 用激光熔覆技术在纯钛基材表面制备了NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层。用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和高分辨透射电镜分析涂层的物相组成、显微组织结构和晶体结构。用空间摩擦学实验系统对NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层在真空、原子氧和紫外辐照三种模拟空间环境以及大气环境下的摩擦学性能进行系统的研究。采用扫描电镜和能量色散光谱仪对摩擦测试后NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层的磨痕形貌和对偶不锈钢钢球的磨痕形貌及元素面分布进行分析。深入探讨NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层在三种模拟空间环境及大气环境下的磨损机理。结果 在纯钛基材表面通过激光熔覆制备的NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层主要物相组成为NiTi、Ni3Ti、Cr2Ni3、Cr3Si、TiB2、Cr-Ni-Ti-Fe、Ag相,显微结构主要为等轴晶和枝状晶组织。复合涂层具有较高的显微硬度,涂层截面平均显微硬度约为830HV0.2,约是钛基材硬度的4.4倍。复合涂层在真空、原子氧和紫外辐照模拟空间环境下的摩擦系数和磨损率均小于大气环境下的值。在三种模拟空间环境下,相对于纯钛基材,复合涂层的磨损率约小2个数量级。复合涂层在真空、原子氧和紫外辐照模拟空间环境下的磨损机理为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,在大气环境下的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损。结论 NiCrBSi/Ag复合涂层可以显著提高纯钛基材在真空、原子氧和紫外辐照三种模拟空间环境以及大气环境下的摩擦学性能。     

Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering

Ni-based self-lubricating composites containing a fixed amount of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)(5 wt%)and different amounts of graphene(0-1.5 wt%)were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion,high-energy ball milling,and spark plasma sintering.The effects of the graphene content on the physical,mechanical,and wear properties of the Ni/h-BN composites were evaluated.These properties were first enhanced with increasing graphene content,reaching optimal behavior for a graphene content of 1 wt%,and then degraded with further graphene addition.Compared to the pure Ni/h-BN composite,the relative density,hardness,and bending strength of the composite with 1 wt% graphene increased by 2.7%,7.4%,and6.3%,respectively,while the friction coefficient decreased by 56% to 0.31,and a reduction in wear rate by a factor of 5-15 was observed.The mechanism for improving the wear properties of the composite with added graphene was due to the formation of a graphene lubricating film on the worn surface,which increased the load bearing capacity of the surface and enhanced lubrication during wear.     

Characterization and Tribological Properties of Graphene/Copper Composites Fabricated by Electroless Plating and Powder Metallurgy

Self-lubricating copper matrix composites reinforced with graphene were prepared by electroless plating and powder metallurgy.The morphology and structure of graphene,Cu@graphene powder,and Cu@graphene/Cu composites were characterized and the tribological properties of Cu@graphene/Cu composites were investigated.The X-ray diffraction pattern of Cu@graphene confirms the coexistence of characteristic peaks of both copper and graphene,with a weakened characteristic peak of carbon impurity.The obtained morphology of Cu@graphene reveals that the surface of the graphene is completely covered with a uniform and compact copper layer with lots of copper nanoparticles.Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show that the oxygen functional groups and defects on the surface of the redox graphene can be reduced through the electroless plating process.The tribological results indicate that the coefficient of friction of Cu@graphene/Cu composites initially decreases and then increases with an increase in Cu@graphene content.The lowest coefficient of friction,which is about 29.47% lower than that of pure Cu,is achieved in the Cu@graphene/Cu composites with 3.0 wt%Cu@graphene.The chemical composition and topography of the wear tracks for Cu@graphene/Cu composites infer that the formation of a well-consolidated graphene-rich lubricious tribolayer at the contact surface and a higher microhardness work together to enhance the tribological performance of Cu@graphene/Cu composites.