四棱锥复合梯度表面液滴的定向移动

目的 探究出能使液滴移动距离达到最大的复合表面制备手段,以及液滴在其表面的移动机理及影响因素。方法 采用电火花加工技术在H62黄铜表面制备四棱锥结构构建结构梯度,并通过化学刻蚀在四棱锥表面制备润湿梯度,从而形成复合梯度结构。分别使用扫描电子显微镜和高速摄像机观察复合表面的微观结构与试件表面液滴的移动过程。结果 复合结构表面不仅具有不对称几何形状引起的拉普拉斯压力,其上的液滴还会受到不平衡表面张力的作用。润湿梯度提供的不平衡表面张力与结构梯度形成的拉普拉斯压力共同组成驱动合力,令液滴在相较单一梯度表面表现出更强的移动性能。对比分析侧面夹角等因素对液滴定向移动的影响规律后得出,经化学蚀刻后的复合表面,液滴移动距离提升明显,并且移动距离增加量与夹角β成正比。在结构梯度与润湿梯度的共同作用下,液滴在β=5°的试件表面上定向移动距离达到最大,最大移动距离Lmax=6.96 mm。结论 相较于单一梯度表面,复合型液滴定向移动表面可以获得最长的移动距离,表现出良好的应用前景。制备方法上,电火花线切割与化学刻蚀操作简单,成本低廉,有助于推动制备大批量液滴定向移动复合表面的相关研究。     

梯度润湿性ZnOHF薄膜上液滴定向铺展行为

目前对ZnOHF的润湿性相关的研究较少。借助ZnOHF的光响应润湿性转变特性制备梯度润湿性表面,研究该表面上的液滴定向铺展行为,验证应用该表面可提高潮湿环境中的集水量。通过水热法制备花状ZnOHF薄膜,基于其光响应特性对ZnOHF薄膜进行不同时间的紫外光照制备单侧梯度润湿性表面,研究液滴在梯度表面上的定向铺展行为。采用XRD和SEM表征产物的物相组成和微观结构,使用FT-IR表征紫外光照前后ZnOHF薄膜的-OH基团变化,使用接触角测量仪表征ZnOHF薄膜的润湿性,记录液滴的铺展行为。结果表明,在紫外光照射下,薄膜的接触角变化速度先快后慢,3 h即可由152°转化为0°。在梯度表面上水滴以7.42 mm/s的速度从光照起始线向超亲水端定向铺展4.08 mm,与均匀表面（1.16 mm/s）相比铺展速度更快,距离（3.82 mm）更远;梯度表面上的液滴可以克服重力铺展,其速度（3.84 mm/s）依然大于均匀表面。液滴在梯度表面定向铺展的主要驱动力为不平衡的表面张力,不同体积的液滴铺展到光照分界线处均出现加速现象。双侧梯度表面可以使小液滴汇聚于亲水区域,当液滴累积到一定体积时会向下渗透,...     

复合梯度楔形表面上液滴自输运特性的数值研究

目的 提高表面液滴的自输运速率。方法 在表面引入润湿梯度和楔形形状,基于VOF模型(流体体积模型)对表面液滴运动进行数值研究,并建立一种适用于润湿梯度和楔形图案联合的模型,分析润湿梯度和楔形角度对液滴位移的影响。结果 润湿梯度越大,液滴受不平衡的表面张力越大,液滴移动速度越快。润湿梯度为15 (°)/mm表面上液滴的平均速度比10、5 (°)/mm润湿梯度的表面分别快42.3%和130%。楔角越大,加速阶段的液滴移动速度越快,但会越早失去驱动力而停止移动,而楔角越小,液滴移动位移越大。液滴在40°楔角表面最先停止运动,在20°楔角表面位移比30°和40°楔角表面分别远10.3%和32.3%。联合润湿梯度和楔形图案后,15 (°)/mm表面上的液滴在20°、30°、40°和20°楔角表面上的液滴在15、10 (°)/mm下均能运动到计算模型出口,且15 (°)/mm、40°楔角表面液滴的平均速度达到292 mm/s,比单一梯度表面增长37.7%,比单一楔形图案表面(20°)增长175.5%。结论 通过调节润湿梯度和楔形角度,可有效控制液滴移动速度。联合润湿梯度和楔形图案的复合梯度楔形表面能同时减小润湿性范围瓶颈和楔形形状制约,提高表面液滴的移动速度和距离。研究结果将有助于设计高效的液滴输运功能表面,并可将其扩展到冷凝装置、微流体装置和药物检测等领域。     

飞秒激光制备梯度润湿性单晶硅表面∗

针对化学气相沉积、自组装技术等表面制备方法存在化学污染、表面结合强度低等问题,运用飞秒激光在单晶硅表面加工正方形微凹坑阵列制备梯度润湿性表面,使用白光干涉仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和接触角测量仪分别测量单晶硅表面粗糙度、微观形貌、化学成分及接触角。 通过改变激光能量密度制备不同梯度润湿性表面,研究不同激光能量密度下液滴在梯度润湿性表面上的铺展规律。 结果表明:随激光能量密度增大,表面粗糙度参数算术平均高度、均方根斜率和界面扩展面积比整体呈增大趋势,表面接触角整体呈减小趋势。 由于激光能量密度增大导致的单晶硅表面平行微凹槽、重凝层及不规则微纳结构使均方根斜率、界面扩展面积比及表面接触角出现波动。 液滴在梯度润湿性表面定向铺展分为加速与减速两个阶段,减速阶段速度伴随明显波动现象,小体积液滴的铺展速度更快。 实现了飞秒激光高精度、非接触、过程可控的梯度润湿性表面制备,结果可为制备单晶硅微流控器件提供理论参考。     

激光织构化不同材料表面对润湿性能的影响

采用激光微织构加工技术分别在SAF2507双相不锈钢和碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)表面制备不同形状、面积占有率的微织构凹坑，通过润湿性试验分析时间、液滴体积、微织构形状与面积占有率、液滴种类对润湿性的影响。结果表明：液滴润湿材料表面过程中，固液接触角先随时间迅速减小，后保持在一个较为稳定的值；使用体积较大的液滴测量接触角时，液滴铺展的速度减缓，接触角的测量值变小；CF/PEEK表面的接触角随微织构面积占有率的增大而减小，SAF2507表面的接触角随微织构面积占有率的增大而增大；微织构面积占有率相同的表面，方柱形微织构表面的接触角小于圆柱形微织构表面，润湿效果更好；天然海水在光滑和织构表面的接触角均小于蒸馏水。     

铝熔体与镀铬氧化铝的润湿行为

为了探究镀层对金属熔体与陶瓷基底润湿行为的作用机理,采用座滴法测试了700~800℃高真空条件下铝熔体与氧化铝、镀铬氧化铝基底及铬块的润湿性,研究了镀铬层厚度及润湿温度对润湿行为的影响。结果表明,铬镀层能够明显改善铝熔体与氧化铝基底的润湿性,随着镀层厚度的增加（260~1200 nm）,终态接触角逐渐减小,铺展速率明显增大,且铝熔体在1200 nm镀铬层上比在铬块上具有更好的润湿性。800℃下铝熔体在镀铬氧化铝基底上会形成明显的前驱膜。铝熔体与镀铬层在界面反应形成了非连续反应产物颗粒,700℃时为Al₇Cr,800℃时为Al₁₁Cr₂,而铝熔体与铬块在界面形成了连续的反应层。结合润湿界面反应及铺展前沿组态变化对上述结果进行了分析。     

润湿性表面液滴导向运动的研究进展

润湿性表面的液滴操控技术由于其在微流控系统设计、生物医学分析、淡水收集、喷墨打印以及换热器等领域具有广阔的应用而备受学者关注.详细介绍了液固接触和液滴运动的基本理论.综述了近年来国内外学者对于润湿性表面上液滴导向传输技术的研究进展,按不同的润湿性表面涉及的不同驱动力,归纳了液滴在润湿性梯度表面上受表面梯度驱动、在超疏水基底异性轨道表面上受重力驱动、在超疏水表面上受外场驱动的三种导向运动,着重阐述了从理论分析到实验实现润湿梯度表面驱动液滴的发展脉络、超疏水基底异性轨道表面的制备方法、液滴运输实验研究和受光、电、热、磁外场响应的不同液滴驱动传输机制,分析对比了各种液滴传输技术的优缺点.最后,提出了对润湿性表面上液滴做曲线运动过程中深入到离心力、表面张力等影响运输可控性的力学特性研究,展望了耦合多外场结合固体润湿性表面的优化设计,来控制多液滴独立导向运动的重要方向,并简要介绍了未来的应用前景.     

工艺参数对激光清洗GFRP脱模剂层影响研究

目的 有效去除GFRP表面的脱模剂,保证对玻璃纤维损害降到最低,并提高表面粗糙度。方法 运用正交试验法,采用红外脉冲激光对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料(GFRP)表面喷覆黑漆层的脱模剂层进行去除试验,研究激光的平均功率(15、20、25、30 W)、激光扫描速度(240、250、255、260 mm/s)和激光脉冲频率(70、80、90、100 kHz)对清洗后试件表面形貌和微观组织的影响规律,分别探讨不同激光参数下对GFRP材料表面粗糙度及胶接强度的影响规律。结果 在激光参数为平均功率P=25 W、激光扫描速度v=255 mm/s、激光脉冲频率f=100 kHz下,可将脱模剂有效去除,且保留了玻璃纤维的完整性,同时表面粗糙度值Sa由原来的0.684 μm增加到稳定值(4.5±0.3)μm。随着平均功率的增大,试件表面粗糙度值Sa逐渐增大,其胶接强度高于未表面处理的胶接强度。随着扫描速度的增大,试件表面粗糙度值Sa先减小、后增大。随着脉冲频率的增大,试件表面粗糙度值Sa逐渐减小。结论 最佳试验制备激光清洗工艺参数为平均功率P=25 W、激光扫描速度v=255 mm/s、激光脉冲频率f =100 kHz,在此参数下能有效去除脱模剂,玻璃纤维损害降到最低,并提高表面粗糙度,有效保证GFRP板材表面质量,同时还有利于提高复合材料之间的胶接强度。该研究结果可为航空领域复合材料脱模剂的激光清洗提供工艺参数参考。     

凹槽结构强化液滴合并弹跳的数值研究

目的 为研究凹槽结构对液滴合并弹跳现象的影响,提高液滴自弹跳的速度和能量转化率。方法 通过有限元方法模拟,研究了液滴在凹槽结构上的动态行为和槽深H、槽宽W及液滴尺寸对V型槽和矩形槽上液滴的弹跳速度、无量纲速度、表面能转化率、动量和总动能的影响。结果 凹槽内与槽外液滴间的合并弹跳包含液滴接触、产生液桥、三相线收缩和液滴弹离表面4个过程;宽高比相同时,液滴弹跳速度和表面能转化率均随液滴半径先增大后减小,凹槽宽高比为1.5,液滴合并弹跳半径为0.25 mm工况下表面能转化效率最高;矩形槽与V型槽,宽高比为1.5,液滴合并弹跳半径为0.25 mm时,液滴弹跳速度与表面能转化率随半径比先增大后减小,在半径比为1时达到峰值,二者表面能转化率最大值为27.87%和30.66%。槽宽恒定时,凹槽结构强化液滴合并弹跳存在最佳凹槽宽高比和最优弹跳半径,V型槽提升液滴弹跳效率比矩形槽高约12%。结论 合并后液滴撞击V型槽侧壁的反作用力使液滴旁瓣较矩形槽更早受到侧壁面抑制而发生回流,从而提升了其能量转化效率,减少了液滴的振荡损失与黏性耗散。研究结果在设计高效的自清洁功能表面、提高冷凝表面换热效率、预防和抑制换...     

3D打印制备各向异性超疏水功能表面的定向输送性能

目的 在光敏树脂基底上制备各向异性超疏水功能表面,实现液滴的定向输送。方法 采用光固化逐层成形3D打印法,在样品基底上制备具有不同形状和结构尺寸的超疏水结构阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、EDS能谱分析,对样品的表面形貌与化学成分变化进行表征。采用接触角检测系统、高速摄像机,通过液滴弹跳、各向异性润湿性与定向输送实验,分析与评价不同阵列表面的超疏水性能、各向异性润湿程度以及定向输送行为。结果 液滴弹跳实验结果表明,液滴可在正方体及交错长方体阵列表面形成饼状弹跳,且后者超疏水性能最佳。各向异性润湿性实验结果表明,在圆柱体阵列中,各向异性润湿性程度随相邻圆柱体高度差Δh的增大而趋于显著,且Δh=1 mm时,各向异性润湿性最为显著;在长方体阵列中,长方体宽度w1及相邻长方体间距sp1对各向异性润湿性程度均有一定影响,w1=0.3 mm、sp1=1 mm时,各向异性润湿性最为显著。定向输送实验结果表明,Δh=1 mm的圆柱体阵列及w2=0.7 mm、sp2=0.7 mm的长方体阵列的定向输送性能最佳,液滴可按照设计的路线精准流动。结论 3D打印所制备的光敏树脂基功能表面的超疏水性能、各向异性润湿程度以及定向输送行为由其表面形貌和结构尺寸所决定,所制备的样品可实现液滴的精准定向输送。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.