一种比较决策多用户检测器的研究

以多速率码分多址(CDMA)传输为出发点，以满足不同用户信号的信干比(SIR)检测要求为目标，给出了在具有决策反馈的并行干扰抵消(PIC)检测框架下，通过实施基于概率数据关联(PDA)预估计软判决和并行干扰抵消硬判决的两种决策比较，进而选择最佳判决的方法，有效地抑制了由于信号估计不准确而造成的错误干扰抵消及相应的判决错误。文中给出了仿真结果，并分别就单一的软、硬判决及比较决策的检测性能进行了分析和比较。     

MC-CDMA系统中并行干扰抵消的改进

在CDMA系统中,多址干扰是影响系统性能的主要因素。为此,人们提出了并行干扰抵消的检测方法。针对并行干扰抵消中存在的误判问题,本文应用模糊数学中的基本原理,在MC—CDMA系统模型中提出了一种新的部分并行干扰抵消算法——基于估计干信比的模糊并行干扰抵消,并对其原理作了简要阐述。     

一种适用于空分复用MIMO系统的迭代检测器

本文在比特交织turbo编码调制的空分复用M IMO系统发送框架下,研究了一类与Turbo码的迭代译码联合进行的软干扰抵消迭代检测算法。在首次检测中,使用了基于匹配滤波(M F)的多级串行软干扰抵消方法,在后续的检测中使用了单级并行软干扰抵消方法。本文又把迭代检测同turbo码的迭代译码联合,大大降低了每次联合检测turbo译码需要的迭代译码次数。     

MC-CDMA系统迭代检测中的一种信道估计算法

在DS—CDMA系统中，联合译码的迭代多用户检测是克服多址干扰增加系统容量的有效方法。本文将多用户检测和译码相结合的迭代检测技术应用于MC—CDMA系统，其中，多用户检测器由串行干扰消除和其后的MMSE滤波器组成。文中提出一种时域信道估计作为迭代初始值的频域信道估计算法，比单纯的频域信道估计方法节约导频符号数量，并且由于信道估计性能的改善，加快了迭代检测的收敛速度。     

TDD-CDMA系统中一种新的多用户干扰抑制方案

传统的多用户处理是在上行进行的,本文提出了应用于TDD-CDMA系统中下行方向的一种多用户处理方案.在TDD-CDMA系统中,可以利用上行信道参数对下行信道参数做出估计.本文提出了一种实时利用信道参数来降低CDMA中的多用户干扰的方法.在该方案中,其多用户处理的基本思路是通过优化系统的多用户扩频码字和解扩码字来降低多用户干扰.为了达到最大的信干比,本文提出了系统扩频码选择的优化准则,它能够充分利用信道的特性.本文根据一定的迭代算法给出优化问题的解.数值分析结果表明,采用上述方案的CDMA系统相对于采用Gold码的系统能够极大地降低多用户干扰,提高信干比.     

一种频选衰落信道下的Turbo多用户检测算法

联合MAP多用户检测与信道解码的迭代多用户检测(MUD)技术可显著提高宽带移动CDMA系统的容量和性能.在多径时变衰落的编码信道下,提出一种迭代实现干扰抑制、符号估计、信道解码的Turbo多用户检测算法.在每次迭代中,MUD自适应地实现干扰抑制并输出符号估计的软信息,软输入软输出的信道解码器使用LOG MAP方法实现信道解码并反馈符号估计的软信息作为下一次TurboMUD迭代的先验信息.仿真结果证实了该算法在频选衰落信道下经两次迭代就能逼近单用户编码CDMA系统的接收性能.     

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO前向链路符号级迭代多用户检测器

1xEV-DO[1]是CDMA2000 1x针对数据业务的增强系统.为提高数据传输速率,其前向链路用16个并行的码道传输调制符号,各码道由正交码-Walsh码隔离.但是这种正交性却被多径衰落信道破坏,产生了多码道干扰[2],严重影响了系统在高速传输数据时的性能.本文在1xEV-DO前向链路中引入了一种符号级迭代多用户检测器,用于消除多码道干扰.仿真结果表明,符号级迭代多用户检测器的性能好于Rake接收机和码片级均衡器,能够较好地解决系统在多径衰落信道中高速数据传输的问题.     

基于LDPC编码的MIM0系统迭代接收机研究

研究了基于LDPC编码无线MIMO通信系统中的软输出最小均方误差干扰抵消迭代(MMSE PIC)检测算法.针对初次迭代检测时PIC输出的后验比特对数似然比(LLR)不可靠的问题,利用MMSE滤波器输出的高斯近似表示,给出了基于后验概率估计的迭代干扰抵消检测算法,以提高检测器输出的编码比特对数似然比的可靠性.仿真结果表明...     

无CP的OFDM联合信道估计和干扰抵消

无循环前缀OFDM无线通信系统可以提高频谱利用效率。提出一种基于无循环前缀(CP)OFDM系统的联合信道估计和干扰抵消算法。采用最小二乘法(Least Square)估计信道时域矢量,通过离散傅里叶变换(DFT)得到相应的OFDM信道的频域特性,由迭代算法对信号进行联合检测和干扰抵消。仿真结果表明,信道估计结果能够达到较高的精度,误码率也接近有循环前缀的OFDM无线通信系统。     

低复杂度迭代干扰消除的OFDMA初始测距算法

针对现有正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统初始测距算法检测性能不佳以及复杂度过高的问题,该文提出一种低复杂度迭代干扰消除的多用户初始测距算法。该算法采用迭代并行干扰消除方法,在接收端按照最大功率准则并行检测活动测距用户的有效径,利用估计出的有效径参数信息来减小信道估计中的干扰,再通过重构和并行消除多用户测距信号。计算机仿真结果表明,与连续多用户检测(SMUD)干扰抵消算法相比,当信噪比为9 dB,且一个测距时隙内测距用户数为8时,所提算法的复杂度大约是SMUD的25%,检测性能大约提高了5%。     

Performance and optimization of multistage partial parallel interference cancellation for wideband CDMA systems in multipath fading channels

In this paper, a closed-form bit error rate (BER) of hard-decision multistage partial parallel interference cancellation (PPIC) having perfect and imperfect channel estimation for complex spreading code-division multiple access (CDMA) over multipath Rayleigh channels was derived. The effects of receiving BER, power ratio of pilot to data channels, multiple-access interference (MAI) and multipath interference, additive white Gaussian noise, and other factors affecting channel estimation error are analyzed. The expression determining the optimal interference cancellation weight at path level for PPIC is first derived. Then, the oscillatory behavior of user-level-optimized PIC and the convergence of perfect channel estimation PIC and path-level-optimized PIC are validated. Results indicate that all factors determining the optimal weight certainly affect the BER performance of PPIC and that the lower BER limit of multistage PPIC depends on the adjustable factors, which include power ratio, observation length, and signal-to-noise ratio, and an unchangeable factor, i.e., number of users. In addition, the variance of MAI for complex spreading sequence is obtained, and the analytical expression can also be employed to predict the performance of multicode CDMA.     

MCI cancellation for multicode wideband CDMA systems

Multicode code division multiple access (CDMA) is a new transmission scheme for flexible and high-speed data communications. The basic idea of multicode CDMA, is to assign multiple channelization codes to any given user. If these channel codes are orthogonal, the self-interference among them can be eliminated in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. However, in a multipath environment, these intrauser signals from different delay paths no longer maintain orthogonality and, thus, cause interference, i.e., multicode interference (MCI), to each other. In high-speed data networks, where the number of users is much less than in the voice networks, the MCI may represent a large portion of the total interference and has a great impact on the system performance. A complex spreading multicode wideband CDMA receiver with RAKE structure and multistage MCI cancellation is studied. By pilot aided channel estimation, the MCI associated with the reference user is regenerated and subtracted from the received signal by a cancellation factor of λ. A complete and consolidated theoretical analysis is presented to show that the system performance is significantly improved by the MCI cancellation. The optimal cancellation factor in the kth stage is approximated by λ_opt^(k)⩽1-2P_e^(k-1) , where P_e^(k-1) the error probability of the (k-1)th stage. The optimal value of each stage can be chosen from 0.5 to 0.85 for a wide range of signal to noise ratios     

Parallel Interference Cancellation in Multiuser CDMA Channel Estimation

Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) based channel parameter estimators for frequency selective fading channels are proposed for the uplink in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile communication systems. The performance of PIC based algorithms depends heavily on the quality of the multiple-access interference estimates, which can be improved by using adaptive channel estimation filters. The performance of two adaptive complex channel coefficient estimation filters has been verified in a fading channel by computer simulations. According to the results, the PIC based adaptive channel estimators outperform clearly conventional, successive interference cancellation, and decorrelation based adaptive channel estimators. The PIC method is also used in delay tracking. By using the principles of sample-correlate-choose-largest (SCCL) delay trackers, a robust algorithm for multiuser delay tracking in fading channels is obtained.     

Robust blind PIC with adaptive despreader and improved interference estimator

An effective design of multistage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) receiver using blind adaptive (BA) despreader and pre‐respreader interference estimator for uplink CDMA is proposed and analysed. A novel algorithm is designed, which exploits constant modulus (CM) property of the users' transmitted signals and inherent channel condition to perform adaptive despreading based on minimum error variance criteria. This is carried out by BA weighting of each chip signal for accurate tracking of the desired user's signal power and hence for more improved data detection at the output of each stage of PIC. Furthermore, the despreader weights are used within the adaptive pre‐respreader interference estimation and cancellation to obtain online scaling factors during every symbol period, without any knowledge of users' channels or the use of training sequences. It is found that this way of estimation is optimal in minimum mean squared error sense, and hence, significant reduction in interference and noise variance is observed in detection and estimation of the desired users' signals compared with conventional PIC. Bit error probability of the proposed PIC is obtained using Gaussian Approximation method. Extensive simulation results are shown, which demonstrate impressive performance advantage in fading environments, high system loading, and severe near far conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Channel estimation and multiuser detection in long-code DS/CDMAsystems

The problems of channel estimation and multiuser detection for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems employing long spreading codes are considered. With regard to channel estimation, several procedures are proposed based on the least-squares approach, relying on the transmission of known training symbols but not requiring any timing synchronization. In particular, algorithms suited for the forward and reverse links of a single-rate DS/CDMA cellular system are developed, and the case of a multirate/multicode system, wherein high-rate users are split into multiple virtual low-rate users, is also considered. All of the proposed procedures are recursively implementable with a computational complexity that is quadratic in the processing gain, with regard to the issue of multiuser detection, an adaptive serial interference cancellation (SIC) receiver is considered, where the adaptivity stems from the fact that it is built upon the channel estimates provided by the estimation algorithm. Simulation results show that coupling the proposed estimation algorithms with a SIC receiver may yield, with a much lower computational complexity, performance levels close to those of the ideal linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver, which assumes perfect knowledge of the channels for all of the users and which (in a long-code scenario) has a computational complexity per symbol interval proportional to the third power of the processing gain     

Capacity regions and optimal power allocation for groupwise multiuser detection

In this letter, optimal power allocation and capacity regions are derived for groupwise successive interference cancellation (GSIC) systems operating in multipath fading channels, under imperfect channel estimation conditions. It is shown that the impact of channel estimation errors on the system capacity is two-fold: It affects the receiver performance within a group of users, as well as the cancellation performance (through cancellation errors). An iterative power allocation algorithm is derived, based on which it can be shown that that the total required received power is minimized when the groups are ordered according to their cancellation errors, and the first detected group has the smallest cancellation error. Performance/complexity tradeoff issues are also discussed by directly comparing the system capacity for different implementations: GSIC with linear minimum-mean-square error (LMMSE) receivers within the detection groups; GSIC with matched filter (MF) receivers; multicode LMMSE systems; and simple all MF receivers systems.     

Impact of Imperfect Power Control and Channel Estimation on the Performance of Multiuser Detectors in Synchronous DS-CDMA System

Simulation performance comparison of various linear multiuser and parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detectors in the presence of imperfect power control and channel estimation is presented. Results show that imperfect power control degrades even the performance of a single-user detector. Therefore, tight power control is highly indispensable for suboptimal detectors to maintain a good performance. When power control is not perfect, interference cancellation detectors can outperform linear multiuser detectors. Among cancellation detectors, the conventional [1] and partial PIC [2] detectors are fairly sensitive to channel estimation error, while the LMS PIC [3] is quite robust in this regard.     

Selective partial PIC for wireless CDMA communications

This paper deals with a cancellation multiuser detector for CDMA communication systems. The proposed receiver, defined as selective partial parallel interference cancellation (SP‐PIC), is supposed to be used at the end of an up‐link channel characterized by multipath fading phenomena. The SP‐PIC main feature is to perform a weighted selective cancellation of the co‐channel interfering signals according to the received power level. With respect to other approaches, the proposed detector exhibits an improved bit error rate (BER) and a low computational complexity, linear with the number of users. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Downlink transmission of broadband OFCDM Systems-part II: effect of Doppler shift

The orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) system with 2-D spreading (time- and frequency-domain spreading) is becoming a promising candidate for future broadband wireless communication systems. OFCDM is more attractive than orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) both by introducing frequency-domain spreading for frequency diversity provision and time-domain spreading for flexible data rate provision. To provide high-speed mobile services, multicode transmission is employed in conjunction with OFCDM. In a Gaussian or flat-fading channel, multicode channels are orthogonal. However, in a realistic wireless channel, the orthogonality no longer maintains. Thus, multicode interference (MCI) is caused. This paper focuses on the investigation of the effect of Doppler shift on the downlink transmission of high-speed mobile OFCDM systems. A practical channel estimation algorithm based on a code-multiplexed pilot channel is employed to track the variations of fading channels. Hybrid MCI cancellation and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection proposed by the authors is employed as an efficient way to eliminate the MCI in the frequency domain. The system performance is analytically studied with imperfect channel estimation to show how it is affected by parameters such as the window size in the channel estimation, Doppler shift, the number of stages of the hybrid detection, the power ratio of pilot to data channels, spreading factor, and so on.