喷丸齿轮残余应力数值分析与仿真

对比齿轮表层经喷丸处理和未喷丸处理效果,运用X射线应力测定仪进行齿轮表面残余应力测试实验,分析喷丸强化与齿轮表面残余应力之间的关系;基于有限元方法开展齿轮喷丸残余应力场数值模拟分析与仿真,建立基础撞击简化模型,分析揭示喷丸强化处理后齿面表层应力分布规律;讨论弹丸速度和直径大小对表面残余压应力变化的影响,相关结论对于工程实践具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。     

前混合水射流多弹丸喷丸模型及残余应力场的数值模拟

针对前混合水射流的液固湍动特性与喷丸过程多重非线性耦合作用行为,提供一种射流喷丸强化残余应力场的有限元分析法。采用液固两相流动理论与计算流体动力学方法分析喷嘴内流特性,建立射流多弹丸喷丸模型;基于弹丸速度冲击载荷加载制度,利用多线性各向同性强化弹塑性模型,应用动态接触对称罚函数法,运用ABAQUS软件模拟不同弹丸数量作用下射流喷丸在45钢材料表层产生的残余应力场,获得残余应力场的分布规律及残余应力沿深度的变化规律;得出射流喷嘴内流呈均质流流型,不同弹丸数量射流喷丸在材料表层产生的径向残余应力沿深度的变化规律相同,但在材料表面产生的径向残余压应力值受喷丸模型影响较大,对弹丸分三层排列、相邻弹丸之间径向和周向中心距离均为弹丸半径的多弹丸喷丸模型,数值模拟获得的表面径向残余压应力值与射流喷丸试验数据基本吻合。     

水射流喷丸强化残余应力场的有限元模拟

针对水射流的高湍动特性与受喷靶体材料复杂的弹塑性形变行为,提供一种水射流喷丸强化残余应力场的有限元分析方法.基于准静态压力分布和非线性轴对称面分布载荷,采用多线性各向同性强化的Mises率不相关弹塑性模型,应用Prandtl-Reuss塑性增量理论及增量初应力法,利用线性斜坡载荷加载制度,运用ANSYS有限元软件模拟不同压力作用下水射流喷丸在2A11铝合金材料表层产生的残余应力场,获得残余应力场的分布规律及残余应力沿层深和径向的变化规律,指出残余应力沿层深分为残余压应力区和残余拉应力区,沿径向分为第Ⅰ残余压应力区、残余拉应力区和第Ⅱ残余压应力区,得到表面残余压应力、表层最大残余压应力、残余压应力层深度随着喷丸压力的增加而增大.为验证有限元模拟的正确性,对喷丸表面残余压应力进行试验验证,结果表明,有限元法计算的表面残余压应力值与试验数据近似吻合.     

USP强化工艺对金属材料表面性能影响研究

采用有限元方法,建立单弹丸有限元模型,对超声喷丸(USP)强化工艺过程进行数值模拟。运用控制变量法,研究弹丸速度、喷射角度对金属表面性能的影响。根据有限元分析结果,绘制应力随层深的关系曲线,求得最大残余应力数值,探索单弹丸的超声喷丸强化工艺的最佳工艺参数。     

喷丸三维残余应力场的有限元模拟

运用大型有限元计算软件ABAQUS建立了模拟喷丸残余应力场的三维有限元模型,预测了在相同喷丸强度下玻璃丸和钢丸两种类型弹丸喷射所产生的残余应力场。模拟过程中,分析了线性减缩积分单元的沙漏参数、材料的应变硬化率、喷丸覆盖率以及初始残余拉应力等因素对304不锈钢靶材残余应力分布的影响。从计算结果可以看出,钢丸喷丸产生的残余压应力层较深,但在高覆盖率时,玻璃喷丸产生的残余压应力的平均值比钢丸喷丸处理后产生的大。在有初始残余拉应力(250 Mpa)存在的情况下,两种类型的喷丸处理均能使304不锈钢靶材表面形成残余压应力层,这说明喷丸工艺可以提高奥氏体不锈钢焊接构件的抗应力腐蚀开裂能力。本研究成果为进一步探讨喷丸强化不锈钢焊接头抗应力腐蚀性能的机理奠定了基础。     

金属材料喷丸强化有限元模型的演变及展望

喷丸强化工艺是将金属或非金属弹丸高速撞击金属构件,使构件表面产生弹塑性变形的过程,这些变形在材料表层产生具有一定厚度的残余压应力层和组织强化层,从而使得构件材料表面得到强化,并最终显著提高构件的疲劳强度。介绍了喷丸强化工艺的基本原理、特点和相关工艺参数,对有限元分析模型:包括弹丸数量、弹丸分布规律和靶材模型的简化程度等几个方面的演变情况进行了分类归纳和比较,总结了喷丸强化工艺参数对残余应力场的影响规律,对未来喷丸强化机理的研究工作进行了展望。     

喷丸强化过程的有限元和离散元模拟

利用有限元法建立喷丸强化过程中单/多颗弹丸连续撞击靶材的数值分析模型,对于单弹丸撞击情况,探讨了弹丸参数(速度和角度)对靶材中残余应力场的影响,对于双弹丸连续撞击情况,探讨了第二颗弹丸速度对靶材中残余应力场的影响;建立了模拟喷丸强化过程的三维离散元模型并进行了数值试验研究,分析了喷丸强化过程的工艺参数(质量流速、初始速度、喷嘴攻角等)对颗粒流中弹丸间相互碰撞的影响;结合有限元和离散元计算结果,提出对喷丸强化工艺参数进行优化控制,提高喷丸强化的加工工艺水平,以实现更好的强化效果.     

激光冲击钛合金板料的有限元模拟

激光冲击强化技术（LSP）是一种新型的表面处理技术,它利用激光冲击波作用靶材表面而产生残余压应力场.通过有限元软件模拟（FEM）可以分析激光冲击强化处理后靶材的残余压应力场分布,分析材料表面和深度方向的残余应力场的分布情况.先分析了材料的本构模型、激光冲击波的峰值压力的计算、有限元单元类型的选取、边界条件的处理等条件;再通过有限元软件ABAQUS对激光冲击TC4钛合金板料进行了数值模拟,分析了残余应力场的分布特点.     

基于Abaqus的喷丸满覆盖率实现及残余应力场预测

提出单弹丸冲击计算弹痕直径和多弹丸顺序冲击计算残余应力场的有限元模型,针对40Cr钢在有限元分析软件Abaqus中准确模拟喷丸覆盖率并计算残余应力场。与常用的经验方程、解析模型预测结果比较,有限元模型预测残余应力场的效果更好,对表面残余压应力、最大残余压应力和压应力场深度的预测误差在10%以内,对最大残余压应力所在位置的预测具有较好的分析结果。实验表明,该有限元模型有较好的工程指导意义。     

轮廓法测试残余应力中的数据处理

使用轮廓法测量铝合金T形构件淬火残余应力,重点研究了测量误差的数据处理。采用包络处理、左右轮廓平均、Gauss混合模型拟合以及节点插值处理后,得到最终轮廓值,并将其作为边界条件反向加载到应力重构有限元模型中,得到待测面应力场。使用X射线衍射法对待测面边界处应力进行修正。将测量结果和有限元模拟淬火结果进行对比,利用统计学方法分析对比结果。结果表明：轮廓法和X射线衍射法结合可以很准确地描述T形构件淬火残余应力场。T形构件淬火残余应力最大拉应力出现在筋条和腹板交界处,靠近腹板一侧。     

Shot peening simulation based on SPH method

Shot peening is a complex surface-treating process which is usually employed to improve the fatigue strength of metallic part or members. In dealing with shot peening simulation, existing literatures apply finite element method (FEM) to establish only a single shot or several shots models, thus the effect of a mass of shots impacting repeatedly and the interaction among adjacent shots are ignored. To overcome these defects of FEM models, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) coupled FEM modeling is presented, in which the shots are modeled by SPH particles and the target material is modeled by finite elements. Contact algorithm is used to simulate the interaction between shots and target. Utilizing this model, material model for shots is established, the relationships between compressive residual stress and peening frequencies, coverage, and velocities are analyzed. Steady compressive residual stress can be gotten by multiple peening; higher coverage can improve the compressive residual stress; faster velocities can induce greater and deeper maximum residual stress in target subsurface. The simulation results agree well with the existing experimental data. The study will not only provide a new powerful tool for the simulation of shot peening process, but also be benefit to optimize the operating parameters.     

Kinematic modeling and deformation mechanics in shot peening of functional ceramics

The applications of functional ceramics are significantly limited by the brittleness and low reliability. Recent studies have shown that compressive residual stress can be created in ceramics by shot peening, which improves the contact strength and fatigue of ceramic components. However, the formation mechanism of residuals stress in shot peening is yet to understand. In this study, a pressure-dependent plasticity model has been incorporated into a finite element simulation model of shot peening to understand the process mechanism underpinning the residual stress formation. Since shot velocity is the key process parameter to dominate the impact energy which determines the deformation state of the peened surface and the resultant residual stress, a new kinematic model of shots has also been developed by incorporating air drag and travel distance inside and outside the peening nozzle. The results have shown that the shot velocity model can be used to predict shot velocity. The experiment-based model may help understand the process mechanism underpinning the residual stress formation.     

TiB_2/Al复合材料喷丸后微区残余应力的有限元模拟

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立了颗粒增强TiB2/Al复合材料的喷丸模型,并对喷丸后残余应力分布进行了预测;然后对复合材料进行了喷丸试验,对残余应力进行了检测;将试验结果与模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:该复合材料喷丸后残余应力分布的试验结果与模拟结果基本相符;喷丸后最表层部分增强体呈拉应力状态,在材料残余压应力场内,由于增强体和基体材料力学性能的差异,增强体的残余应力值普遍大于基体中的。     

A numerically low-cost and high-accuracy periodic FE modeling of shot-peened 34CrNiMo6 and experimental validation

This paper proposed a numerically low-cost 3D FE modeling method for multi-shot shot peening. The low computation cost and high prediction accuracy of shot peening are realized at the same time by the incorporation of random multi-shot with defined spacing between the adjacent simultaneously impinging shots, periodicity, and coverage rate of 100%. With this modeling method, one-step and dual-step multi-shot peening of 34CrNiMo6 steel target is modeled and the produced residual stress is predicted. In order to make the predicted residual stress depth profile more comparable with the measured one by XRD method, the redistribution of residual stress due to the layer removal by electrochemical polishing is simulated using Model Change technique. And the comparison between the prediction and experiment indicates that this improved 3D periodic FE modeling of multi-shot impingement provides very accurate simulation models for one-step and dual-step shot peening. It can substitute for the costly and time-consuming optimization experiments of the shot peening process, especially the multi-step shot peening process. Finally, the evolution of residual stress depth profile in dual-step shot peening process is investigated by using the simulation model and a variation of residual stress towards a more uniform distribution on the finished surface taking place in the second step is discovered by RMS analysis.     

Simulation on Residual Stress of Shot Peening Based on a Symmetrical Cell Model

The symmetrical cell model is widely used to study the residual stress induced by shot peening. However, the correlation between the predicted residual stresses and the shot peening coverage, which is a big challenge for the researchers of the symmetrical cell model, is still not established. Based on the dynamic stresses and the residual stresses outputted from the symmetrical cell model, the residual stresses corresponding to full coverage are evaluated by normal distribution analysis. The predicted nodal dynamic stresses with respect to four corner points indicate that the equi-biaxial stress state exists only for the first shot impact. Along with the increase of shot number, the interactions of multiple shot impacts make the fluctuation of the nodal dynamic stresses about an almost identical value more and more obvious. The mean values and standard deviations of the residual stresses gradually tend to be stable with the increase of the number of shot peening series. The mean values at each corner point are almost the same after the third peening series, which means that an equi-biaxial stress state corresponding to the full coverage of shot peening is achieved. Therefore, the mean values of the nodal residual stresses with respect to a specific transverse cross-section below the peened surface can be used to correlate the measured data by X-ray. The predicted residual stress profile agrees with the experimental results very well under 200% peening coverage. An effective correlation method is proposed for the nodal residual stresses predicted by the symmetrical cell model and the shot peening coverage.     

喷丸强化残余应力对疲劳性能和变形控制影响研究进展

作为机械表面强化技术之一,喷丸强化使工件表层发生形变硬化,引入较高的残余压应力,减少了疲劳应力作用下微裂纹的萌生并抑制其扩展,从而显著提高零件的抗疲劳断裂和抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力。基于喷丸残余应力解析计算模型,从余弦函数模型、接触应力模型和球腔膨胀模型三个方面介绍喷丸强化残余应力的产生,进而对喷丸残余应力的仿真预测及影响规律进行论述。为了提高试件疲劳强度而引入的残余压应力会带来影响形位精度的变形,基于此阐述了喷丸残余应力对疲劳性能的影响及其在疲劳过程中的演化,同时论述了喷丸残余应力变形预测及控制的研究现状,最后对喷丸残余应力未来的研究内容与发展方向进行展望。     

考虑残余应力的螺旋锥齿轮接触疲劳裂纹萌生-扩展寿命计算方法研究

考虑渗碳、磨齿、喷丸等工艺产生的齿面残余应力,建立齿面接触应力与残余应力的复合应力场,提出一种螺旋锥齿轮接触疲劳裂纹萌生-扩展寿命计算方法。构建齿轮有限元接触分析模型,计算多轴交变接触应力场。考虑空间螺旋曲面残余应力分布的复杂性,将变曲率齿面离散为网状节点;测量各节点表面与次表面的残余应力,建立齿面残余应力场。基于Dang Van多轴疲劳准则,构建齿面裂纹萌生模型;计及残余应力与裂纹闭合效应,构建齿面裂纹扩展模型。计算复合应力场下齿轮接触疲劳寿命,研究残余应力对齿面裂纹萌生-扩展寿命的影响规律。结果发现：复杂齿面空间变曲率会影响喷丸等工艺产生的残余应力分布,中心区域的残余压应力高出齿面边缘区域约20%;复合应力场下齿面裂纹萌生位置与寿命主要取决于接触应力,残余应力会改变齿面节点平均应力进而影响疲劳寿命;齿面裂纹扩展寿命约占全寿命的10%,表征齿轮接触疲劳快速失效至迅速断裂。上述研究对于高性能齿轮传动的长寿命、高可靠性设计具有一定的参考价值。     

DD3镍基单晶高温合金喷丸强化后残余应力的有限元模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,通过设立局部坐标系和运用三参数Barlat模型建立了DD3镍基单晶高温合金的喷丸强化有限元模型,并对喷丸后的残余应力进行了有限元模拟和实际测试。结果表明:由于镍基单晶高温合金的各向异性,在不同取向上呈现不同的残余应力状态,且同一晶面不同取向的最小残余压应力出现在组成滑移系的晶向上;模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Finite element analysis of shot-peening effect on fretting fatigue parameters

Shot peening is widely used to improve the fretting fatigue strength of critical surfaces. Fretting fatigue occurs in contacting parts that are subjected to fluctuating loads and sliding movements at the same time. This paper presents a sequential finite element simulation to investigate the shot peening effects on normal stress, shear stress, bulk stress and slip amplitude, which are considered to be the controlling parameters of fretting damage. The results demonstrated that among the modifications related to shot peening, compressive residual stress has a dominant effect on the fretting parameters.     

喷丸强化在新能源汽车轴齿上的应用

针对某新能源输入轴上仿真安全因子偏低的齿轮进行喷丸强化,结合其喷丸强化重点区域进行了有效的工装和喷丸饱和曲线工艺设计。同时,对喷丸后的齿面粗糙度以及规定位置进行了残余应力测试。喷丸后的输入轴应力合格及满足整车耐久测试要求,确认合理的喷丸能有效改善轴齿的应力状态,提高其弯曲和接触安全系数。