均聚后水解合成超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺水解条件的研究

采用新型复配引发体系，以均聚后水解方式进行丙烯酰胺单体聚合，合成了油田驱油剂用超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺，其分子量高达２５００万，水解度２０％￣３０％，过滤比〈１．３。研究了水解剂、水解时间和助溶剂等因素对聚丙烯酰胺分子量的影响，得到了最佳的水解工艺参数。     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺水泥浆降失水剂的室内研究

通过研究部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的分子量,水解度以及其加量对水泥浆失水的影响,指出作为水泥浆降失水剂的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的分子量应在６０－６５万,水解度在６．０％～７．５％,加量在０．５％～０．７％时的降失水效果最好,同时,研究出了合成这一分子量和水解度的部分水解聚丙烯胺的试验条件,为油田上将部分水解聚丙烯酰胺作为水泥浆降失水剂奠定了基础。     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的水溶液性质

本文阐述了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的水溶性及其水溶液性质。并着重讨论了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的溶解性、流变特性、影响粘度的因素及其降解作用。并针对其水溶液特性,提出了矿场配注工艺设计中应注意的问题。     

聚丙烯酰胺聚合的影响因素研究

概述了影响聚丙烯酰胺聚合的主要因素,探讨了丙烯酰胺单体（AM）质量,浓度,PH值与聚合物分子量的关系,研究了反应引发温度对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）聚合反应的影响以及水解度对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）分子量的影响。同时对苯二酚（HQ）的性质和阻聚的原理进行了分析,研究认为,影响聚合物聚合的主要因素是阻聚剂含量,反应体系中的酸碱度,引发温度、单体浓度等。实验结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺聚合反应的最佳条件应控制在PH值为11．6,水解度为29％,引发温度为18℃、单体浓度为25％。     

聚丙烯酰胺水解机负压操作工艺改进

大庆炼化公司生产的聚丙烯酰胺产品主要用于提高原油采收率。聚丙烯酰胺抗盐产品采用均聚后水解工艺,水解机内丙烯酰胺胶体水解时产生的氨气,通过排氨风机产生的负压由排氨管线直接排至烟囱排放,为保证水解温度排氨阀在加碱后就完全关闭,水解过程中产生的氨气导致水解机内压力为正压,导致氨气部分泄露到厂房内影响操作环境[1]。为解决该问题,采取水解机负压操作,有效减少了因水解机泄露导致的氨气在厂房内聚集量。     

疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺后水解工艺的正交试验研究

随着疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺作为一种驱油剂在油田的应用越来越广泛,对其聚合物的要求不断提高。依据疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺本身特殊的分子结构及其特殊的溶液结构,设计了一组针对疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺的后水解工艺的正交试验,试图通过后水解工艺各个因素的调节,来改善聚合物的溶解性、溶液黏度等参数,从而可以更大的满足油田上的要求。在综合考虑了聚合物的溶解性,溶液的表观黏度和特性黏数的基础上,通过正交试验来优选出水解剂种类、水解温度、水解时间及加水量的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳的后水解工艺条件为:水解剂为Na2CO3/NaOH混合物,水解时间为3 h,水解温度为90℃,加水量为60 g。     

高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺生产工艺的优化

采用前加碱均聚共水解工艺生产的油田用高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺,其相对分子质量和黏度受到了诸如氧化还原体系、链转移剂、反应温度等方面的影响。本文从上述几个因素出发,探讨了各个因素对聚丙烯酰胺产品的相对分子质量和黏度的影响,优化了高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺的配方体系,合成出了相对分子质量大于1.6×107,黏度大于45 mPa·s的产品。     

交联聚合物成胶性能影响因素研究

交联聚合物是聚丙烯酰胺与交联剂通过分子内交联和少量的分了障交联所形成的微凝胶体系。研究了影响铝体系交联聚合物成交性能的几个主要因素,包括水质、聚合物剪切率、聚合物分子量、聚合物浓度、聚铝比、聚合水解度等,取得了一些重要认识。     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液在孔喉模型中机械降解的主控因素

为明确驱油用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液在孔喉模型中机械降解的主控因素,开展部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液在孔喉模型中的机械降解实验,分析其流速、质量浓度及储层孔喉比和地层水总矿化度等因素对其机械降解的影响。实验结果表明:部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液在孔喉模型中机械降解的主控因素为流速和孔喉比,其质量浓度和地层水总矿化度对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺在孔喉模型中机械降解的影响不明显;部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液在孔喉模型中机械降解导致的粘度损失率随流速增加而增加,且存在临界流速和极限流速2个机械降解流速特征值;部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液通过串联孔喉模型时,机械降解主要发生在前4个孔喉模型,说明部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液在油藏中发生机械降解的关键部位是近井地带。     

聚丙烯酰胺水解度测定中的影响因素

介绍BG12005．6－89《部分水解聚丙烯酰胺水解度测定方法》中水对检测结果的影响，通过提取三个地区的水进行实验来说明标准中应加入水的影响因素，这样才能准确的把握产品质量指标。     

Molecular Weight Measurement of UG8 Asphaltene Using APCI Mass Spectroscopy

Asphaltene molecular weight has been a controversial issue in the past several decades and continues on nowadays. From industrial application point of view, asphaltene molecular weight is important for setting up a heavy oil refining strategy so that the process is efficient and economically viable. If the measured average molecular weight of asphaltene is high and is the true molecular weight, then substantial amount of energy will be needed, in order to break the molecule into light products during refining process. This is likely not an economical option. On the other, if the measured high molecular weight is due to self-association and the true molecular weight is low (e.g., less than 1500 Da), it will be energetically attractive to refiners to develop heavy oil cracking technology. Vapor pressure osmometry (VPO) has been routinely used for measuring molecular weight. However, it measures the apparent molecular weight and is likely not the true molecular weight. In order to unambiguously measure the molecular weight, it is necessary to develop a convincing technology and a reliable experimental procedure that allows one to measure the molecular weight accurately and consistently. We chose the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) technique and Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization (APPI) to measure UG8 asphaltene. Both APCI and APPI have mild ionization processes and have been applied to many unstable drug compounds such as proteins and peptides with reliable outcomes. In addition, we measured the sample on two APPI instruments to compare the results. We also demonstrated how one can choose wrong set of operating parameters and lead to erroneous results. The relevant parameters for APCI and APPI are temperature, voltage, and sample concentration. We chose 0.01 mg/mL as the concentration, much below any known critical aggregation concentration. As for temperature and ionization voltage, we varied systematically varied (T = 300-600°C; V = 30-150 V) in order to demonstrate the consistency of the methods and how one can easily make mistake. Through these measurements, an average molecular weight of 400 to 900 Da was obtained for UG8 asphaltene.     

高性能聚丙烯腈原液的合成

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,研究了丙烯腈与丙烯酸甲酯在二甲基亚砜溶剂中的自由基均相溶液共聚合反应。考察了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、单体配比,反应温度和时间等对共聚反应影响。分别用称重法和乌氏粘度计测定了反应的转化率和产物的相对分子质量。研究结果表明,制备高性能聚丙烯膊纺丝溶液最佳的反应条件是:总单体浓度25%,AIBN占总单体浓度1%,反应温度为60℃,时间为30h。     

Molecular Weight Measurement of UG8 Asphaltene Using APCI Mass Spectroscopy

Abstract

Asphaltene molecular weight has been a controversial issue in the past several decades and continues on nowadays. From industrial application point of view, asphaltene molecular weight is important for setting up a heavy oil refining strategy so that the process is efficient and economically viable. If the measured average molecular weight of asphaltene is high and is the true molecular weight, then substantial amount of energy will be needed, in order to break the molecule into light products during refining process. This is likely not an economical option. On the other, if the measured high molecular weight is due to self-association and the true molecular weight is low (e.g., less than 1500 Da), it will be energetically attractive to refiners to develop heavy oil cracking technology. Vapor pressure osmometry (VPO) has been routinely used for measuring molecular weight. However, it measures the apparent molecular weight and is likely not the true molecular weight. In order to unambiguously measure the molecular weight, it is necessary to develop a convincing technology and a reliable experimental procedure that allows one to measure the molecular weight accurately and consistently. We chose the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) technique and Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization (APPI) to measure UG8 asphaltene. Both APCI and APPI have mild ionization processes and have been applied to many unstable drug compounds such as proteins and peptides with reliable outcomes. In addition, we measured the sample on two APPI instruments to compare the results. We also demonstrated how one can choose wrong set of operating parameters and lead to erroneous results. The relevant parameters for APCI and APPI are temperature, voltage, and sample concentration. We chose 0.01 mg/mL as the concentration, much below any known critical aggregation concentration. As for temperature and ionization voltage, we varied systematically varied (T = 300–600°C; V = 30–150 V) in order to demonstrate the consistency of the methods and how one can easily make mistake. Through these measurements, an average molecular weight of 400 to 900 Da was obtained for UG8 asphaltene.     

聚合物驱油井产出液中聚合物浓度的准确测定方法

由于聚合物相对分子质量和水解度发生变化，常规的淀粉一碘化镉浓度检测方法已不适用于油井产出液中聚合物浓度的检测。研究了聚合物驱油井产出液的处理方法，并采用超滤技术，应用美国Millipore切向流超滤系统，消除了产出液中盐和表面活性剂等的影响，确定了超滤浓缩恒重法测试产出液中聚合物浓度的方法，解决了目前现场产出液中聚合物浓度检测不准确的难题。试验结果表明，超滤浓缩恒重法测得聚合物浓度的相对误差小于1.0％，满足现场检测的要求。     

常温液态丙烯精脱硫技术的工业应用

简述常温液态丙烯精脱硫原理及工艺流程,介绍T-907型COS水解剂和Tc-22型常温脱硫剂在丙烯腈装置丙烯原料净化过程中的工业应用情况。应用结果表明,脱后丙烯总硫含量可降到1μg/g以下,脱硫效果良好。     

低分子量C9—MA共聚物的合成

用溶液共聚方法合成了低分子量Ｃ９－ＭＡ石油树脂。在特定溶剂Ｓ中,讨论了活性Ｃ９馏分与顺丁烯二酸酐摩尔比、共聚合温度和引发剂用量对共聚物分子量的影响,确定了反应体系的最佳聚合条件。     

聚丙烯酰胺的分子结构对微凝胶体系性能的影响

和聚合物驱技术相比,微凝胶驱技术能够大幅度降低部分水解聚丙稀酰胺(HPAM)的用量,提高HPAM溶液的耐温抗盐能力,解决污水配制HPAM溶液的问题,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益.低水解度、高相对分子质量的HPAM能够提高微凝胶体系的成胶能力,其相对分子质量越高,成胶时间越短,成胶黏度越大,临界成胶浓度越低.HPAM的相对分子质量从5×106提高到20×106时,成胶时间从38d缩短到4d,成胶黏度从23.7mPa·s增加到168mPa·     

抗高温降失水海水泥浆处理剂——水解聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯

本文从泥浆的流变性、泥浆泥饼的电镜观察和泥浆粒子分布等方面,对 HPMMA 降失水作用机理进行初步探讨。认为基浆和各种处理泥浆均属塑性流体,内部存在一定网架结构,HPMMA能促进和加强这种网架结构的形成,在网架中“包藏”一部分水,从而提高降失水效果。     

高温油井水泥降失水剂ZFA-1的合成及性能

针对水溶性聚合物在强碱下耐高温性能的局限性,笔者突破传统水溶性共聚物的研究思路,设计并合成了无机非金属材料-有机聚合物高温降失水剂ZFA-1。通过实验确定了ZFA-1的最佳合成工艺：AM：IA：AMPS物质的量比为6.0：2.5：1.5,分子量调节剂加量为0.005%,偶联剂加量为0.5%,无机材料加量为5%,引发剂加量为0.5%,单体质量分数为25%,体系pH值为6,引发温度为55℃,反应时间为6 h;分别采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析（DSC/DTG）对ZFA-1进行了表征。结果表明,ZFA-1为预期结构的产物,在326℃时失重率仅为7.81%,主要是由于偶联剂和无机材料的引入增加了其在高温下的稳定性。对ZFA-1的性能评价结果表明,当ZFA-1加量为1.0%~1.5%时,可将水泥浆在93~200℃、6.9 MPa时的失水量控制在50 mL以内,具有优良的抗盐性能,且对水泥石的抗压强度无不良影响。