碘催化双戊烯合成萜烯马来酐加合物

用微量的碘作催化剂，催化工业双戊烯与顺丁烯二酸酐进行异构－加成反应，生成萜烯马来酐加合物，得率８８％，产物纯度９２％。     

碘催化双戊烯合成萜烯马来酐加合物

用微量的碘作催化剂，催化工业双戊烯与顺丁烯二酸酐进行异构－加成反应，生成萜烯马来酐加合物，得率８８％，产物纯度９２％。     

磷酸催化工业双戊烯与顺丁烯二酸酐加成反应

用磷酸做催化剂，催化以双戊烯与顺丁烯二酸酐进行异构加成反应。生成可作为环氧树脂固化剂的萜烯马来酐加合物，产率８８．５％，产物纯度９２．０％。     

萜烯马来酐加合物固化环氧树脂的性能研究

用工业双戊烯为原料合成的萜烯马来酐加合物，在环氧胶粘剂、环氧浇铸料、绝缘漆中用作固化剂，具有价廉、耐热、增韧性能好等优点     

萜烯聚酯树脂的合成研究

用微量碘，催化α－蒎烯等异构化，再与马来酐进行Ｄｉｅｌｓ－Ａｌｄｅｒ反应，生成萜烯马来酐；加成物进一步与二元醇，酸酐反应，合成性能优良的萜烯聚酯树脂。     

萜烯聚酯树脂的合成研究

用微量碘,催化α－蒎烯等异构化,再与马来酐进行Ｄｉｅｌｓ－Ａｌｄｅｒ反应,生成萜烯马来酐;加成物进一步与二元醇、酸酐反应,合成性能优良的萜烯聚酯树脂。     

萜烯马来酐加合物固化环氧树脂的性能研究

用工业双戊烯为原料合成的萜烯以来西酐加合物，在环氧胶粘剂、环氧浇铸料、绝缘漆中用作固化剂，具有价廉、耐热、增韧性能好等优点。     

松香马来酰亚胺聚酯合成

松香与马来酐反应加合物的产率为７９％。在ＤＭＦ中加合物与氨基苯甲酸反应的产物，Ｎ－羧苯基松香马来酰亚胺的产率大于９０．４％。在Ｈ＿３ＢＯ＿３－ＺｎＯ催化下３种松香马来酰亚胺聚酯的产率为８０％，８０％，７２％。ＴＧＡ测定表明，它们的ＯＮＳＥＴ温度超过４９０℃。应用试验表明，添加１５％松香马来酰亚胺聚酯，不但提高不饱和聚酯固化膜的热稳定性能．而且保持不饱和聚酯膜的气干性能。     

松香合成三元酸工艺试验研究评审会在宁召开

由中国林科院林化所承担的“松香合成三元酸工艺试验研究”课题于1989年12月29日在南京召开了评审会,来自有关方面的教授、专家、工程技术人员参加了会议。在听取了研究人员所作技术报告的基础上,进行充分讨论,一致通过了如下评审意见:松香与马来酐进行双烯加成反应研制成三元酸与马来松香施胶剂,属国内首次研制成功;在三元酸合成过程中,回收树脂含马来酐加合物50％左右,与商品115马来松香性质相近,可用作造纸强化施胶剂,原料基本上得到了全部合理利用。     

苯基缩水甘油醚加成物及酯的合成研究

以C8-10醇和环氧乙烷为原料,反应合成了六聚氧乙烯醚,再与苯基缩水甘油醚形成加合物,苯基缩水甘油醚加成物与马来酸酐进行酯化反应形成产物苯基缩水甘油醚加成物马来酸单酯,并考察了反应条件。实验表明,在C8-10醇与环氧乙烷物质的量比为1∶6,压力为0.5MPa,反应温度150℃条件下反应,环氧乙烷结合率大于98%;六聚氧乙烯醚与苯基缩水甘油醚物质的量比为1∶1,催化剂三氟化硼乙基络合物为反应原料总物质的量的0.4%,温度50℃,反应时间45min,加合物收率达到91.6%;加合物与马来酸酐物质的量比1∶1,催化剂三正丁基胺为原料的1%(wt),反应时间4h,反应温度90℃,加合物马来酸单酯的收率达99%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.