再生混凝土碳化深度预测模型

采用正交试验的方法研究了温度、水灰比、粗骨料取代率和水泥用量4个因素对再生混凝土碳化深度的影响规律.结果表明:温度是影响再生混凝土碳化的主要因素,其次为水灰比、水泥用量及粗骨料取代率;再生混凝土碳化深度随时间的增加而增大,随水灰比的增大、粗骨料取代率的增加而减小.在此基础上,通过实验数据的回归分析建立了再生混凝土碳化深度的预测模型.预测模型计算结果与试验数据对比分析表明,该预测模型所选相关参数合理,能较好地预测普通大气环境下再生混凝土的碳化深度.     

废砖骨料对再生混凝土抗压与收缩性能的影响

以废砖粗骨料的等体积取代率为变化因素,在分析预吸水处理与裹浆处理条件下,废砖粗骨料等体积取代废弃混凝土粗骨料对再生混凝土抗压强度影响的基础上,着重探讨了废砖粗骨料体积取代率对再生混凝土收缩变形性能的影响。研究结果表明,等体积取代率为25%时,预吸水处理与裹浆处理均可最有效地降低再生混凝土的收缩变形,而对再生混凝土抗压强度却没有明显的降低作用。等体积取代率为25%时,预吸水处理下再生混凝土的抗收缩变形性能优于裹浆处理,而裹浆处理下再生混凝土抗压强度高于预吸水处理。     

三轴受压状态下再生混凝土强度与变形性能试验研究

为了研究三轴受力状态下再生混凝土强度随再生粗骨料取代率的变化规律,通过RMT-150C对三种强度等级(C20、C30、C40)五种再生粗骨料取代率(0、30%、50%、70%、100%)的混凝土φ50 mm×100 mm圆柱体进行三轴抗压强度压缩试验,分析了不同再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土三轴强度、峰值应变以及应力-应变全曲线的影响.试验结果表明:再生混凝土试件与普通混凝土试件的破坏形态相似,但再生粗骨料与普通粗骨料最后的破坏形态差异较大;C20混凝土随再生粗骨料取代率的增大,其峰值应力先增大后减小,且取代率为50%时再生混凝土峰值应力最大,约高于普通混凝土的10%;C30混凝土的平均峰值应力随再生粗骨料取代率的增加,其变化规律不明显,但再生混凝土的平均峰值应力均低于普通混凝土的;C40混凝土平均峰值应力随再生粗骨料取代率的增加而降低,当取代率为100%时,再生混凝土平均峰值应力约低于普通混凝土的15%.在三轴应力状态下,再生混凝土受压应力-应变全曲线的形状与普通混凝土的相似.     

钢纤维再生混凝土劈拉和弯拉强度试验研究

为了研究钢纤维体积率和再生粗骨料取代率对破碎卵石混凝土劈拉和弯拉强度的影响规律，设计制作了钢纤维体积率为0%、1%、2%，再生粗骨料取代率为0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的15组试件，并开展了劈裂抗拉和四点弯曲试验。试验结果表明：钢纤维再生混凝土的劈拉和弯拉强度受钢纤维体积率影响较大，两者均随钢纤维体积率的增加而增大，再生粗骨料取代率对二者的影响较小，两者均随再生粗骨料取代率的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势，且都在再生粗骨料取代率为30%时达到最大值。根据试验数据，提出了钢纤维再生混凝土劈拉强度和弯拉强度的函数关系式。     

再生粗骨料品质对混凝土抗溶蚀性能的影响

基于硝酸加速溶蚀试验方法,分别对100%取代率下不同品质（I类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类）再生粗骨料混凝土和天然粗骨料混凝土的抗溶蚀耐久性进行对比研究,并从宏观力学性能退化及内部微观结构损伤方面进一步揭示混凝土抗溶蚀性能经时劣化规律和损伤机理。研究结果表明：高品质再生骨料制备的混凝土抗压强度较高,与骨料物理性能具有良好的对应关系。在溶蚀环境下,再生粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度损失率、质量损失率、溶蚀深度随溶蚀龄期的增长而逐渐增大,但随着粗骨料品质的降低,却并不一定严格增大,会出现阶段性差异。由SEM图像可知,溶蚀前后,低品质骨料混凝土界面过渡区差异明显。由溶蚀深度与溶蚀时间的拟合公式可知,3类品质骨料制备的混凝土均满足软水环境中的水工结构使用要求,低品质（Ⅲ类）再生粗骨料混凝土可用于一代服役50 a的水利工程结构。     

再生粗骨料混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的研究

试验用RCM法研究了再生粗骨料的种类、取代率,胶凝材料用量及粉煤灰对再生粗骨料混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.结果表明,颗粒整形再生粗骨料混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能,优于简单破碎再生粗骨料混凝土,但差于天然粗骨料混凝土;再生粗骨料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,随粗骨料取代率的增加而降低,随胶凝材料用量的增加而有所提高;掺加粉煤灰可提高再生粗骨料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能.     

富含砖粒再生骨料混凝土的耐久性试验研究

用富含40%~50%砖粒的再生粗骨料配制再生混凝土,采用渗水高度法和电通量法,分析不同再生骨料取代率和粉煤灰取代率与再生混凝土抗水渗透性以及抗氯离子渗透性的关系,得出抗渗透性最好的再生骨料取代率。然后,在最优再生骨料取代率的情况下,采用快速冻融法研究粉煤灰取代率对再生混凝土的抗冻融性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行比较。结果表明:富含砖粒的再生混凝土的抗渗透性能比普通混凝土弱,再生骨料取代率的增加会降低其抗渗透性,砖粒类再生骨料取代率为40%的再生混凝土抗渗透性能最好;粉煤灰对再生混凝土具有改性作用,粉煤灰掺量为20%时,再生混凝土的抗渗透性能以及抗冻融性能均最佳;适当取代率下,再生混凝土的抗冻等级能够达到D100。     

高温作用后再生混凝土强度的试验研究

设计了5个混凝土配合比试验,完成了100块不同再生粗骨料取代率(0,25%,50%,75%,100%)的再生混凝土试块在20～800°C下的高温试验,系统地研究了再生混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度与再生粗骨料取代率以及作用高温之间的关系.通过试验现象和结果分析,探讨了不同再生粗骨料取代率的再生混凝土在经历不同高温作用下的抗压和抗折强度的成因.     

再生混凝土抗碳化性能试验研究及理论分析

通过快速碳化试验,以再生骨料掺量、水灰比、水泥用量、原始混凝土强度和矿物掺合料为影响因素,对再生混凝土的碳化性能进行研究。试验结果表明：再生混凝土的碳化深度随水灰比、再生骨料掺量的增加而减小,随原始混凝土强度的增大和水泥用量的增加而增大,适量添加矿物掺和料能降低再生混凝土的碳化深度,提升其抗碳化性能。在已有的普通混凝土碳化模型研究基础上,结合本试验和中国其他学者的试验数据,建立了再生混凝土碳化深度预测模型,模型预测结果与试验值吻合较好。     

含砖粒再生粗骨料混凝土损伤性能试验研究

用废弃砖部分取代废弃混凝土(取代率r=0%、10%、20%、30%)作为再生粗骨料制成再生混凝土。采用超声波检测再生混凝土的损伤,以超声波波速的衰减来衡量损伤,对单轴受压持荷状态下再生混凝土试件进行超声试验。通过试验研究,得出不同废弃砖取代率下单轴压应力系数对再生混凝土损伤的影响规律。试验结果表明废弃砖粗骨料取代率对单轴受压条件下再生混凝土的损伤影响很大。针对再生混凝土损伤的主要影响因素—单轴压应力系数,建立了含砖粒再生粗骨料混凝土的损伤关系模型。     

CO2强化再生骨料的特性及其对再生混凝土性能的影响

CO₂强化不同品质和粒径再生骨料的特性研究尚不系统和完善。在约20% CO₂浓度和自然环境压力条件下,考虑再生粗骨料（RCA）品质和粒径的影响,试验测试了CO₂强化再生骨料（CRCA）的碳化率、CO₂吸收率、碱度、残留CO₂气体含量、吸水率及CO₂强化再生骨料混凝土（CRAC）的抗压强度和抗氯离子渗透性能。结果表明：CO₂强化再生骨料的碳化率和CO₂吸收率随再生骨料水灰比的增加而增加;CO₂强化显著降低了再生骨料的碱度,且CO₂强化再生骨料粒径越小、水灰比越低,其残留CO₂气体含量越高;CO₂强化显著降低了再生骨料的吸水率,明显提升CO₂强化再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度和抗氯离子渗透性能。     

Effect of Isobutyl-triethoxy-silane Penetrative Protective Agent on the Carbonation Resistance of Concrete

Effect of isobutyl-triethoxy-silane penetrative protective agent on the carbonation resistance of the concrete was studied.The concrete specimens for the 28 d accelerated carbonation process were manufactured with w/c of 0.49 and 0.64,both in the presence and absence of silane and mineral admixture.The penetration of isobutyl-triethoxy-silane and the carbonation of concrete were investigated by penetration depth,carbonation depth,XRD,SEM,and pore size distribution.The results showed that concrete compactness played an important role in the silane penetration and carbonation resistance.Penetration depth of silane-treated concrete mainly depended on the compactness of the concrete,and could not remarkably change through the accelerated carbonation process.In the accelerated carbonation process,penetrative protective agent improved the carbonation resistance of the higher compactness concretes but accelerated the carbonization process of the lower compactness concretes.As penetrative protective agent penetrated along the external connectivity pores into concrete not filling the entire surface area,the inorganic film could not fully protect the Ca(OH)_2 phase from carbonation.After 28 d accelerated carbonation,fibrous hydration products disappeared and the surface holes decreased.Due to the formation of carbonized products,the porosity of the concrete surface decreased,especially in high-strength concrete.     

Effects of Curing Condition on the Carbonation of Shrinkage-compensated Concrete

Shrinkage-compensating concrete can enhance the permeability and strength. In addition,expansive admixture can densify concrete to advance the carbonation resistance ability. Due to special quality of ettringite,the relative humidity of curing environment has significant effect on the carbonation rate of concrete. This paper discusses the influence of environmental humidity on carbonation rate of shrinkage-compensating concrete. Four different curing conditions were set up,namely the natural environment (RH 60%),standard environment (RH 90%),early age water curing environment for 3 d and 7 d. After curing in these four environments for 28 d,an accelerated carbonation test was performed. Micro-hardness analysis was used to evaluate surface hardness,which depends on,to a great degree,the carbonation depth. TG-DSC analysis was used to study Ca(OH)2 content gradient in the surface layer of concrete in different environment. The results show that natural condition lead to a relatively worse carbonation degree,curing in water for 3 d is harmful to the carbonation resistance,while curing in water for 7 d lead to an equivalent carbonation degree with standard condition,which show the most improvement to carbonation resistance ability.     

Mechanical Properties and ITZ Microstructure of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Carbonated Recycled Coarse Aggregate

The effect of carbonation treatment and mixing method on the mechanical properties and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was investigated. Properties of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were tested firstly. Then, five types of concretes were made and slump of fresh concrete was measured immediately after mixing. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of hardened concrete were measured at 28 d. Meanwhile, the microstructure of RAC was analyzed by backscattered electron (BSE) image. It was found that the water absorption ratio of carbonated recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA) was much lower when compared to the untreated RCA. Comparatively, the apparent density of CRCA was not significantly modified. The concrete strength results indicate that the mix CRAC-2 prepared with CRCA by adopting two-stage mixing approach shows the highest compressive strength value compared to the other mixes. The microstructural analysis demonstrate that the mix CRAC-2 has a much denser old ITZ than the untreated RAC because of the chemical reaction between CO₂ and the hydration products of RCA. This study confirms that the ITZ microstructure of RAC can be efficiently modified by carbonation treatment of RCA and encourages broadening the application of construction and demolition wastes.     

Application of Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag Aggregates as Replacement of Natural Aggregates in Cement-based Materials:A Study on Water Absorption Property

The influence of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates as replacement of natural aggregates on the water absorption of concrete and mortar was studied, and the mechanism was analyzed. The interface between aggregate and matrix in concrete was analyzed by using a micro-hardness tester, a laser confocal microscope and a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron image mode. The pore structure of mortar matrixes under different curing conditions was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that when natural aggregates were replaced with air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates in mortar or concrete, the content of the capillary pore in the mortar matrix was reduced and the interfacial structure between aggregate and matrix was improved, resulting in the lower water absorption of mortar or concrete. Compared to the concrete made with crushed limestone and natural river sand, the initial absorption coefficient, the secondary absorption coefficient and the water absorption capacity through the surface for 7 d of the concrete made from crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag and air-cooled blast furnace slag sand were reduced by 48.9%, 52.8%, and 46.5%, respectively.     

Research of Neural Network Based on Improved PSO Algorithm for Carbonation Depth Prediction of Concrete

Firstly,neural network based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO)algorithm is introduced in this paper. Based on the data collected from projects in typical areas,the concrete carbonation depth is assessed with consideration of various factors such as unit cement consumption (C),unit water consumption (W),binder material content (B),water binder ratio (W/B ),concrete strength (MPa),rapid carbonization days (D),fly ash consumption of unit volume concrete(FA),fly ash percentage of total cementitious materials (FA%),expansion agent consumption of unit volume concrete(EA),expansion agent percentage of total cementitious materials (FA%).Gaining the data from project-experiment,a model is presented to calculate and forecast carbonation depth using neural network based on improved PSO algorithm. The calculation results indicate that this algorithm accord with the prediction carbonation depth of concrete accuracy requirements and has a better convergence and generalization,worth being popularized.     

Influence of absolute basicity and capillary porosity on carbonation of concrete

The single influence of capillary porosity and coupling effects of absolute basicity and capillary porosity on concrete carbonation were investigated. The experimental results showed that carbonation rate of concrete at a given absolute basicity (AB) increased moderately with the increase of the porosity ranging from 6.2% to 9.25%, and increased rapidly with porosity from 9.25% to 12.8%.The coupling effect mainly embodied in disappeared mutation point of capillary porosity, and the distributing regions of carbonation depth were clearly partitioned in the coupling influence of absolute basicity and capillary porosity. A design method on carbonation related durability of concrete based on the coupling effects was proposed.     

再生粗骨料混凝土碳化分析的多场耦合模型及验证

再生粗骨料混凝土的碳化是一个复杂的物理扩散和化学反应过程,其分析和预测较为困难。鉴于此,基于再生粗骨料混凝土的碳化机理,结合再生粗骨料混凝土中CO₂的扩散定律和可碳化物质的质量守恒定律,综合考虑再生粗骨料混凝土中CO₂的有效扩散系数、碳化反应速率系数、可碳化物质的量、再生粗骨料的表面附着砂浆等重要参数的影响,建立了再生粗骨料混凝土碳化分析的多场耦合模型,并通过试验数据验证了模型的有效性和适用性。     

绿色韧性水泥基复合材料碳化性能试验

为了研究绿色韧性水泥基复合材料(GCC)的耐久性,进行了快速碳化试验,研究了GCC的抗碳化性能以及水胶比和纤维掺量对抗碳化性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着碳化时间的增加,GCC的碳化深度逐渐增加,但其碳化速率逐渐减小;掺加一定量的纤维可以改善GCC的抗碳化性能,但当纤维掺量超过一定临界值时,GCC的抗碳化性能反而有所降低;水胶比对于GCC的抗碳化性能有明显影响,随着水胶比的增加,GCC材料的抗碳化性能逐渐降低.