可注射乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆复合水凝胶的制备及药物缓释研究EI北大核心CSCD

泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)是一种温敏性聚合物,在浓度为15.0%(质量分数,下同)~30.0%时可形成凝胶。为改善泊洛沙姆在体温下的成胶浓度和药物缓释性能,以泊洛沙姆407为基底,与新型温敏性乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖复合,制得了温敏性乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆复合水凝胶。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、试管倒置法、旋转流变仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)对乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆的结构、温敏性、力学性能、微观形貌和体外药物释放性能进行表征。结果表明,乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆溶液具有热可逆温敏性溶胶-凝胶转变行为。通过控制乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆的质量比,能够使溶胶-凝胶转变温度处于室温与体温(25~37℃)之间,缩短凝胶化时间(382s),降低泊洛沙姆407在体温下的成胶浓度(6%)。乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆复合水凝胶具有高度孔隙化的三维结构,其孔径大小处于10~60μm范围内,且表现出较高的力学性能。乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆复合水凝胶对抗癌药物吉西他滨具有缓释作用,载药凝胶的释药时间可达72 h。乙酰化乙二醇壳聚糖/泊洛沙姆复合水凝胶在可注射药物缓释载体方面具有重要的应用前景。     

温度敏感型PCL-Pluronic-PCL水凝胶的合成与性能

通过泊洛沙姆(Pluronic)引发己内酯(ε-CL)开环反应,合成了一种较低分子量的PCL-Pluronic-PCL多嵌段共聚物,并采用FT-IR和1H-NMR对其结构进行表征。这种PCL-Pluronic-PCL共聚物有良好的水溶性,并且当其水溶液浓度高于临界凝胶浓度(CGC)时,随着温度的变化呈现出凝胶-溶胶转变特性。采用试管法测试共聚物水溶液的凝胶-溶胶转变。该共聚物水凝胶在可注射药物控制释放系统等方面有着广泛的潜在应用价值。     

前端聚合法制备聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/碳纳米管复合水凝胶及其性能

用前端聚合法制备了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/多壁碳纳米管(PNIPAM/MWCNTS)复合水凝胶,对产物的微观形貌、温敏性、力学性能和释药性能进行了研究。结果表明,PNIPAM/MWCNTS复合水凝胶具有温度敏感性,MWCNTS的加入不影响水凝胶的低临界转变温度,随MWCNTS含量增加,水凝胶吸水能力降低,力学强度显著提高,当MWCNTS的含量由0%增至10%时,水凝胶的压缩强度从88 k Pa增加到666 k Pa。复合水凝胶具有良好的药物缓释性能。     

一种含纳米银的物理交联壳聚糖-泊洛沙姆膜的制备与表征

为了简单方便地制备出一种柔韧性、吸水能力较好的,并具有一定抑菌特性的薄膜,通过调节溶解在稀醋酸溶液中的壳聚糖-泊洛沙姆溶胶pH值的方法,制备出了具有优良抑菌特性、柔韧性与吸水特性的薄膜。薄膜通过物理交联法制备,并进行了力学测试、薄膜断面SEM测试、吸水能力测试以及抑菌圈试验。测试结果显示,所制备的薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与泊洛沙姆和甘油的浓度有关。在薄膜的断面SEM测试中发现,泊洛沙姆的加入,会使凝胶断面出现孔洞,孔洞的最大直径10μm。在吸水能力测试中发现,在PBS溶液中,4‰与6‰泊洛沙姆组和2%甘油组具有更好地吸水能力;而在生理盐水溶液中,8‰泊洛沙姆组和2%甘油组具有更好的吸水能力。在抑菌圈试验中,发现不同泊洛沙姆浓度制备出的薄膜基本上均具有明显的抑菌圈。最后,通过综合以上特性,优选出泊洛沙姆和甘油的浓度分别为6‰和2%。由于其制备的方便性、薄膜较好的柔韧性、吸水性,以及有效的抑菌特性,壳聚糖-泊洛沙姆薄膜有望在烧伤治疗、伤口化脓性感染的治疗方面得以应用。     

纳米银/壳聚糖复合水凝胶的原位制备、表征及抗菌性能研究

在壳聚糖/1,2-丙二醇凝胶中采用抗坏血酸原位还原硝酸银生成纳米银,进而通过碱液置换得到具有不同纳米银含量的物理交联的纳米银/壳聚糖复合水凝胶.紫外-可见光谱、X射线衍射图谱和低分辨率TEM照片的结果表明,复合水凝胶内形成了分散良好的纳米银.高分辨率TEM照片结果表明纳米银的直径在20～50nm之间,但其结晶状态并不均一.抗菌性实验证明,纳米银/壳聚糖复合水凝胶对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抗菌效果.     

溶胶法原位复合聚乙烯醇/羟基磷灰石水凝胶的结构与性能研究

研究了制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)/羟基磷灰石(HA)复合水凝胶的溶胶法原位复合技术,将无机纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶合成反应引入高分子基体。对该法制备的复合水凝胶的相结构、微观形貌和拉伸强度进行了分析,并与物理共混法复合水凝胶加以比较。结果表明,溶胶法原位复合可以在富水基体中制备晶相的HA粉体,且粉体粒径小于200nm,分散良好,复合材料的力学性能也有进一步改善。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/CMK-8复合水凝胶的制备及其对双酚A的吸附性能研究

通过一锅合成法制备了CMK-8粉末，将其与适量的壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇复合制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/CMK-8复合水凝胶。对其进行扫描电镜(SEM)表征并考察了温度、pH、水凝胶量等因素对该复合水凝胶对双酚A的吸附影响。结果表明：该复合水凝胶表面光滑，内部具有紧密的网络结构，对双酚A具有较大的吸附量。在35.0℃、pH为8.0、水凝胶量为1.0g/L时，该复合水凝胶对双酚A的吸附量达到最大，最大吸附量可以达到75.7mg/g。该复合水凝胶的制作工艺较简单且对双酚A吸附量也很可观，为复合水凝胶在污染物吸附的应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

壳聚糖/SiO2复合涂层的缓释性能研究

为了了解壳聚糖含量对壳聚糖/SiO2复合涂层缓释性能的影响,将氧氟沙星直接溶于壳聚糖醋酸水溶液中,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了壳聚糖/SiO2复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、比表面积及孔径分析仪和光学接触角测量仪(OCA)进行结构和表面分析,并对载药复合膜的释放性能进行了研究。结果显示复合涂层具有良好的缓释性能,其缓释周期和释放率受到壳聚糖含量的影响。     

有机/无机纳米复合水凝胶的制备与应用

纳米材料具有直径小、比表面积大以及易于实现表面功能化的优点,受到广泛的关注。与普通水凝胶相比,将无机纳米材料分散在水凝胶中制备的有机/无机纳米复合水凝胶的力学性能、光学性能、热力学性能都有较大提高。主要综述了TiO₂、SiO₂、Fe₃O₄等无机物作为填充剂或交联剂制备纳米复合水凝胶的方法,如共混法、原位法等,并分析了其在环保、医药等领域的应用。     

羟基磷灰石接枝壳聚糖表面改性及其复合水凝胶的生物相容性

用壳聚糖修饰HA表面制备HA-接枝-壳聚糖纳米羟基磷灰石(HA-g-CS),然后将其与壳聚糖共混制成CS/HA-g-CS复合水凝胶。FTIR、TGA、XRD的测试结果表明,CS已经成功地接枝到HA的表面,接枝率为15.8%;SEM结果表明,HA-g-CS在CS基体的分散性相对于HA得到明显的改善,且CS/HA-g-CS比CS/HA复合水凝胶的抗压强度提高了43%。CS/HA-gCS生物相容性评价的结果表明,材料的细胞毒性和植入安全性均达到了国家标准要求。这表明,CS/HA-g-CS复合水凝胶可作为一种优良的支架材料应用于组织工程领域。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.