电爆炸法制备金属Cu纳米粉末

本文研究了利用超细金属粉制备系统,采用电爆炸法制备金属Cu纳米粉,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析(XRD)及透射电镜分析(TEM).实验结果表明:粒度分布均匀,颗粒尺寸小,超细金属粉体纯度高.Cu纳米粉的粒度分布40～100 nm,平均粒径为60 nm.     

金属Ni、Al纳米材料的制备及其表征

用爆炸法制备金属镍、铝纳米粉,对其纳米颗粒的形貌特征、成分、晶体结构等进行了实际测定,结果表明:Al的粒度分布比较窄,一般在30~80 nm,镍的粒度分布约30~100 nm。     

Cu纳米颗粒的晶格畸变研究

采用阳极弧放电等离子体技术成功地制备了Cu纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)、BET氮吸附等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、形貌、比表面积和粒度等特征进行了表征分析,并计算了其不同晶面的晶格参数.结果表明:Cu纳米颗粒为fcc晶态结构,晶格畸变表现为晶格收缩.     

偏钛酸性质结构对颜料钛白的影响

硫酸法钛白短流程工艺中,水解偏钛酸的性质结构(晶体结构、粒度分布、杂质含量等)对金红石型钛白的结构与颜料性能有重要影响,并存在内在影响规律。为制备结构良好、颜料性能优异的金红石TiO_2,优化条件为:控制偏钛酸的晶粒尺寸小于8.9 nm并接近7.9 nm,能有效促进金红石的晶型转变和晶粒生长,获得良好晶体结构和晶型完整的金红石;偏钛酸适宜的粒度大小及分布对获得窄粒径分布的金红石钛白影响明显,钛白的粒径大小影响其散射力,宜控制在0.20μm附近;可控制水解条件以减小偏钛酸的比表面积,进而减少杂质铁吸附。     

电火花等离子体熔蚀法制备PtRh20合金粉末

采用电火花等离子体法在超纯水中制备了铂铑合金(PtRh20)粉末,利用ICP光谱分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪等对制粉过程中的杂质含量变化、成品粉末表面形貌、成分及粒度分布进行了分析。结果表明:电火花等离子体熔蚀法制备PtRh20合金粉末效率可达1 000 g/h,粉末纯度较高,由成分相同的高球形度颗粒和絮状物组成,粉末粒径基本在5～60μm之间,平均粒径25μm。     

新型超细钴粉的制备及添加剂对其性能影响

以自制Co(OH)2为原料,利用高温液相多元醇还原法制备超细钴粉。重点考察了不同表面活性剂对其性能的影响。利用SEM、XRD、BET和激光粒度分析仪,对钴粉进行了表征。结果表明多原醇还原的钴粉为球形,以面心立方晶体为主,钴粉粒度分布较窄,平均粒径小于0.7μm,比表面积为3.46 m2/g,钴含量>99.5%。     

用乳液法制备ZrO2纳米球形颗粒

利用二甲苯为油相,span-80为表面活性剂,Zr(NO3)4或NH3的水溶液为水相,采用单乳液和双乳液的方法制备了含3%(摩尔分数)Y2O3的ZrO2前驱体粉,经过600℃锻烧2h后获得了四方相ZrO2纳米粉.用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM、BET和激光粒度分析等分析手段对粉末及其前驱体进行了分析和表征,试验结果表明:二甲苯/span-80/水相体系具有较大的含水量,能改善目前用乳液法制粉产量低的缺点,利用该体系制粉的最佳体积配比为V(二甲苯):V(span-80):V(水相)＝95:5:25.按照该配比设计的单乳液法和双乳液法均能获得形状为球形、团聚较少的四方相纳米粉末,但采用双乳液法比单乳液法所获得的粉末粒度分布更均匀、粒径更小,粒径约15nm.     

Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉体的制备及导电导磁性能研究

用化学镀法,以葡萄糖和甲醛的混合液为还原剂,制备了Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉体,并用制备的复合纳米粉作为导电导磁相,制备了导电导磁胶。用透射电子显微观察和X射线衍射表征了Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉体的结构、形貌和粒度分布,用直流低电阻测试仪、振动样品磁强计研究了导电导磁胶的导电导磁性能。结果表明:制备的Ag包覆Fe复合纳米颗粒具有壳核结构(纳米Fe为核、Ag为壳),复合纳米颗粒粒度分布为50~120 nm,通过电镜测得Ag层的厚度约为2 nm。用Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉制备的导电导磁胶的电阻率为2.66×10~(-4)~8.9×10~(-4)?·cm、饱和磁化强度18.5~38.6 A·m~2·kg~(-1)。     

硬脂酸络合法制备ZrO2-Y2O3纳米粉

以硬脂酸为络合、分散剂,与无机锆、钇盐络合,制备了ZrO2-Y2O3纳米粉。用TG、DTA、XRD、TEM等方法对制备过程进行了表征。600℃煅烧后可得到粒径约为40nm的ZrO2-Y2O3纳米粉,粒子呈球形,粒度随焙烧温度的升高而增大。表明采用该法可获得ZrO2-Y2O3纳米粉,且能够有效地减少团聚现象的发生。     

放电等离子烧结制备亚微米LaB6块体材料

采用氢直流电弧等离子体法,以稀土镧块为原料,制备出了平均粒度为20 nm的La纳米粉末.以L丑纳米粉和B纳米粉为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备出了LaB6亚微米晶块体材料.通过系统研究各烧结参数对材料结构和性能的影响,得到了最佳的烧结工艺.获得了相对密度高达99.3%的致密烧结体,其维氏硬度达到14.1 GPa.采用XRD,SEM和TEM对材料的相组成和微观组织进行了测试分析.结果表明.SPS烧结LaB6块体的晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸为150nm,整体结构均匀致密.实验表明,SPS技术可以实现LaB6细晶块体材料的快速烧结.     

Photocatalytic activity of Eu3＋-doped ZnO nanorods synthesized via microwave assisted technique

The doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst with different Eu contents were prepared by microwave assisted method and they were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),UV-Vis spectroscopy,surface area Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The average crystallite size and band gap energy of Eu-doped ZnO were varied with the Eu content.The XRD pattern of Eu-doped ZnO indicated hexagonal crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 25 nm.The presence of europium with trivalent state and its doping successfully into the crystal lattice of ZnO matrix were confirmed by XPS technique.The photocatalytic activity of Eu-doped ZnO nanorods was evaluated for methyl orange degradation.The photocatalytic experiments showed ～91% degradation of methyl orange over 0.2 mol.% Eu doped ZnO sample within 3 h under UV light(365 nm).     

Synthesis and Characterization of Y-Doped Mesoporous CeO2 Using A Chemical Precipitation Method

Using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） as the template agent, cerium nitrate as the cerium resource, yttrium nitrate as the yttrium resource, and ammonium carbonate as the precipitating agent, mesoporous CeO2 powders doped with different yttrium contents were successfully synthesized using a chemical precipitation method, under an alkalescent condition. Properties of the obtained samples were characterized and analyzed with X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, infrared （IR） absorbance, and the BET method. For the prepared samples with 20% （molar ratio） Y-doped content, a BET specific surface area of 106. 6 m^2 · g^- 1, with an average pore size of3~27 nm were obtained. XRD patterns showed that the doped samples were with a cubic fluorite structure. TEM micrographs revealed that the doped samples showed a spherical morphology with a diameter ranging from 20 to 30 nm and a round pore shape. IR results indicated that the Ce-O-Ce vibration intensity decreased as the Y-doped content increased. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that the samples possessed typical mesopore characteristics. The average pore size of the samples decreased alter mesoporous CeO2 was doped with yttrium, and the average pore size decreased largely as the Y-doped content increased.     

Preparation and performance of CeO_2 hollow spheres and nanoparticles

CeO_2 hollow spheres were synthesized by polystryrene sphere(PS) templates and CeO_2 nanoparticles were prepared by a facile method. The as-obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), N_2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The results showed that the structure of the obtained CeO_2 hollow spheres was hollow microsphere with a diameter of 380 nm and the average particle size of CeO_2 nanoparticles was about 1700 nm. The two samples' Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area was 67.1 and 37.2 m~2/g. The CeO_2 hollow spheres had a better performance than nanoparticles at UV-shielding because of higher surface area and the structure of hollow sphere.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic property of Ce-doped SnO₂

Pure SnO2 and Ce-doped(1%,4%,7%,10% in mass ratio) SnO2 powders were prepared by a simple sol-gel method.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) specific surface area analyzers.Results showed that the 7% Ce-doped sample has a particle size of 0.1-0.3 μm with a narrow particle size distribution while the pure SnO2 was consisted of large agglomerated particles with a diameter up to several micrometers.When used as the catalyst to degrade methyl orange(MO),the 7% Ce-doped sample showed best photocatalytic property.These properties can be attributed to the large surface area and small particle size of the 7% Ce-doped sample.     

Nanostructured Yb：GGG polycrystalline powders via gel combustion method

Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) nanopowders doped with ytterbium ions (Yb:GGG) were synthesized with citric acid as a fuel via gel combustion method. The optimized conditions for preparing Yb3+:Gd3Ga5O12 nanopowders were discussed. The heat behavior, struc-ture and morphology of powders were analyzed with thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR) and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). TG-DTA analysis revealed that the weight loss of the precursor occured below 800 ℃ and its crystalli-zation temperature was 830.6 ℃. XRD and IR analysis showed that the precursor converted directly into pure GGG at a relatively lower tem-perature (900 ℃) without any other intermediate phase. The lattice constant was 1.2377 calculated by extrapolation method. TEM results in-dicated that the spherical powders showed good dispersity and had a relatively narrow size distribution with average particle size of approxi-mately 40-50 nm, which was favorable for good sinterability of Yb:GCG laser ceramic.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic property of Ce-doped SnO2

Pure SnO₂ and Ce-doped (1%, 4%, 7%, 10% in mass ratio) SnO₂ powders were prepared by a simple sol-gel method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analyzers. Results showed that the 7% Ce-doped sample has a particle size of 0.1-0.3 μm with a narrow particle size distribution while the pure SnO₂ was consisted of large agglomerated particles with a diameter up to several micrometers. When used as the catalyst to degrade methyl orange (MO), the 7% Ce-doped sample showed best photocatalytic property. These properties can be attributed to the large surface area and small particle size of the 7% Ce-doped sample.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Spheres

Mesoporous titanium dioxide spheres were synthesized by a convenient solvothermal method at room temperature with tetraethyl titanate as a procursor. Investigation by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and N<,2> adsorption-desorption isotherms confirms that the sample has a mesostructure with a higher specific surface area and shows that the mesoporous TiO<,2> spheres have a diameter of 2 μm, the average pore size is about 5.9 nm, and the BET surface area and specific pore volume are about 236 m<'2>/g and 2.116 cm<'3>/g, respectively. The anatase and rutile mesoporous TiO<,2> spheres calcined at 700 ℃ show much better photocatalytic activity than the samples calcined at other temperatures and is comparable to an uncaicined sample in the photodegradation of Methyl Blue(MB) under the UV irradiation.     

石墨烯的制备及其超级电容性能

以鳞片石墨为原料,采用化学氧化还原法制备了高品质的石墨烯.借助X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察、氮气吸附-脱附实验、恒流充放电实验、循环伏安法和交流阻抗谱技术对石墨烯的结构、形貌、表面性能和超级电容性能进行了系统研究.X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜结果表明,石墨烯整体上呈现无序结构,外观具有蓬松、透明的薄纱状及本征性皱褶,其BET比表面积为14.2m2·g-1,总孔容为0.06cm3·g-1,平均孔径为17.3nm.交流阻抗谱测试结果表明,石墨烯电极具有较小的阻抗,其等效串联电阻为0.16 Ω,电荷传递电阻为0.55 Ω.恒流充放电和循环伏安测试结果显示:石墨烯电极具有良好的功率特性和循环稳定性,电容特征显著.在2、5、10和20mV·s-1扫描速度下的放电比电容分别为123、113、101和89 F·g-1;即使是50mV·s-1的高扫速,放电比电容仍可达69F·g-1.