橡胶辊及其使用橡胶材料的选择

本文讨论了对橡胶辊的基本性能要求及所用橡胶材料的选择。并对橡胶辊主极品种包括印刷较辊、办公设备用胶辊、造纸胶辊、纺织印染胶辊等的类型与特性作了介绍。     

简述釉面砖的胶辊印花工艺

为了提高陶瓷墙地砖的装饰艺术效果,通常采用印花技术在墙地砖表面印刷一些图案等。本文对近年来常用的胶辊印花技术进行介绍,主要介绍了胶辊印刷的图版制作、胶辊花釉的配制和胶辊印花机的操作,希望对墙地砖企业生产有一定的指导作用。     

混炼硅橡胶的配合技术(四)

介绍了几种胶辊用混炼硅橡胶的配制,包括低硬度胶辊用混炼硅橡胶、低环硅氧烷含量的胶辊用混炼硅橡胶、送纸胶辊用混炼硅橡胶及工业胶辊用混炼硅橡胶的配制。     

胶辊的成型工艺及设备

介绍了一般橡胶胶辊和聚氨酯胶辊的成型工艺、成型设备及特点；并指出了聚氨酯胶辊除了具有成型工艺简单、设备投资少等优点外，其使用性能也明显优于橡胶胶辊。     

聚氨酯橡胶大型浇注辊筒的研制及其性能研究

本文介绍了国内外浇注型聚氨酯橡胶辊筒的发展情况和国内各行业对聚氨酯胶辊的大概需求量。从生产实际出发,介绍了南京橡胶厂研制胶辊所解决的几个主要技术问题以及胶辊的生产工艺和注意事项。讨论了影响胶辊性能和使用寿命的主要因素,有些讨论的问题比较新颖,可供国内同行生产聚氨酯胶辊讨论和参考。     

橡塑并用促进了胶辊生产技术的更新

胶辊属于橡胶与金属的结合制品,就其生产制造工艺来看是比较复杂的、对质量要求也比较高,随着轻纺、造纸、印染、粮食加工等行业的发展,对胶辊的质量也提出了新的要求。然而、长期以来我国的胶辊生产一直是沿用硬质胶过度层的传统工艺,这不仅影响了胶辊质量的提高,而且也难于满足使用单位的要求。传统的生产技术主要存在着五个方面问题:     

陶瓷装饰用高清三维胶辊印刷的新技术研究及其优势

本文主要论述了陶瓷装饰用高清三维胶辊印刷技术的研究,以及在凹凸釉面砖生产上的应用。通过不同材质和结构的胶辊对凹凸砖坯作用的有限元模型的比较分析,研究开发出新型软硬双层结构胶辊。配合凹凸釉面砖成形工艺、印花釉性能,以及其它工艺因素的集成优化,从而实现了采用胶辊印刷技术能够在凹凸有釉砖表面进行高清、高速印花装饰。并通过与喷墨打印及其它装饰技术的比较,进一步阐明了胶辊印刷技术的优越性。     

无锡第二橡胶厂开发新型纺纱胶辊

无锡二橡先后研制出了十多种新型纺纱胶辊,其中,有享誉国内外的WRC—836棉纺胶辊;有适用于各种机型的WRC—513、WRC—71-113、WRC—849、WRC—876等新型胶辊、双层胶辊和铝衬套胶辊;还有最近研制并通过省级鉴定的专纺人造棉的WRC—917胶辊这些新品,受到各地纺纱厂的欢迎和信任。     

一辊多色多图立体胶辊印刷技术及产品开发

在高清三维胶辊印刷技术的基础上,通过对胶辊印刷装备进行重大改进和花釉配方组成优化,研究开发一辊多色多图立体胶辊印刷技术及凹凸拼图釉面砖产品。试验表明,采用本工作开发的一辊多色多图立体胶辊印刷技术可成功实现凹凸拼图釉面砖产品生产,大大减少印花装饰过程胶辊数量和明显提高了产品质量稳定性。     

胶辊制造工业的新动向

胶辊制造工业的新动向近年来，随着我国建筑、冶金、印染、造纸、印刷、包装等机械行业的飞速发展，胶辊制品行业也呈现出勃勃生机。日本的胶辊行业更是如此，特别是巨型胶辊和微型胶辊、胶轮的发展令人感到吃惊。为冶金工业配套生产的胶辊长度达到１２．５米，直径达到２...     

不同多元醇聚氨酯弹性体宏观性能的研究

以聚四氢呋喃多元醇（PTMG）、聚己内酯多元醇（PCL）、4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇和三羟基聚醚多元醇等为主要原料制备了4种聚氨酯（PU）弹性体。采用电子万能试验机、动态力学热分析仪、差示扫描量热仪以及扩展流变仪等设备分析了不同相对分子质量的PTMG和PCL对PU弹性体的力学性能、热性能以及流变性能的影响。结果表明,PCL类PU弹性体的拉伸强度、硬度、平台区弹性模量、软段玻璃化转变温度以及反应体系的表观黏度都偏高,而PTMG类PU弹性体的滞后损失偏高;同一种类多元醇的PU弹性体的各项性能也因相对分子质量的不同而有差异。     

Characterization of polyurethane network elastomers

Polyester urethane network elastomers with incorporated hard segment oligomers have been prepared by poly(ethylene adipate)glycol (PEA), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), and 1,4-butanediol (BD). These hard segment oligomers were hydroxy-terminated oligomers ([BD-TDI]n-BD; n=1,3), obtained by reacting BD with TDI. Concentrations of allophanate as a cross-linking site were determined by the amine degradation method. Hard segment moieties were obtained by a novel selective hydrolysis of soft segments in the elastomers. Molecular weight distributions of hard segment were measured by means of GPC. Mechanical and thermal properties were measured. Dependence of rubber elasticity on physical cross-linking between normal elastomers and the elastomers with incorporated hard segment oligomers were discussed.     

三种二胺扩链剂浇注聚氨酯弹性体性能比较

以聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇（PEA）,甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）为原料合成聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体,分别用3,3'－二氯－4,4'－二氨基二苯基甲烷（MOCA）、二氨基二甲硫基甲苯（DADMT）和2,4－二氨基－5－巯基甲苯（TX－1）作扩链剂合成聚氨酯弹性体,比较了这3种扩链剂对浇注工艺性能及弹性体的物理机械性能的影响。实验结果表明,DADMT和TX－1两种固化剂得到的聚氨酯弹性体与固化剂（MOCA）得到的聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能相当,TX－1是一种能在常温下与预聚体进行固化反应的扩链剂,可以替代MOCA用于浇注型聚氨酯弹性体。     

端羟基聚丁二烯型聚氨酯热塑性弹性体的制备

由端羟基聚丁二烯和甲苯二异氰酸酯合成预聚力，以Ｎ，Ｎ－双（２－羟丙基）苯胺为扩链剂制备聚氨酯热塑性弹性体，考察了其力学性能随扩链系数的改变而出现的变化。用电子显微镜，红外分光光度计，差示扫描量热仪等分析了热塑性弹性体的微观结构特征。分析结果表明，弹性体内存在相分离，无结晶存在。     

Mechanical properties and nonisothermal crystallization of polyamide 6/carbon fiber composites toughened by maleated elastomers

Polyamide 6/carbon fiber (PA6/CF) composites toughened with maleated elastomers were prepared by melt blending using twin‐screw extruder followed by injection molding. Three kinds of maleated elastomers, maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA‐g‐MAH), MAH‐grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM‐g‐MAH), and MAH‐grafted hydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MAH), were used to toughen the PA6/CF composites. The mechanical properties, morphology, nonisothermal crystallization, and subsequent melting behavior of PA6 hybrid composites were investigated. Mechanical tests indicated that incorporation of elastomers improved the impact properties of CF‐reinforced PA composites accompanied with loss of tensile strength and modulus. It was observed from scanning electron microscope photographs that modification with maleated elastomers improved the interfacial adhesion between the CFs and PA6 matrix. Nonisothermal crystallization behavior showed that three kinds of elastomers had negative effect on crystallization and retarded crystallization of PA6. Kissinger's analysis illustrated that addition of CF slightly increased the crystallization activation energy of PA6, whereas incorporation of elastomers reversed it compared with pure PA6. Furthermore, a slight decrease in crystallinity and melting peak of the composites after incorporation of elastomers was observed compared with pure PA6. Polarizing optical microscope results showed that the transcrystallinity phenomenon seemed to be also affected when the matrix was added by the elastomers. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2170–2179, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

GAP/PET嵌段型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的低温力学性能

为改善聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)基黏合剂的低温力学性能,以GAP和环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PET)为软段,甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)偶联的丁二醇为硬段,通过扩链聚合反应合成GAP/PET嵌段型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;分别采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、动态热机械分析(DMA)、热重分析(TGA)和万能材料试验机对其化学结构、玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和低温拉伸性能进行表征。结果表明,随着PET含量的提高,GAP/PET嵌段型热塑性聚氨酯的T_g明显降低,当PET与GAP摩尔比为1∶1时,GAP/PET嵌段型热塑性聚氨酯的T_g为-37.7℃,在-40℃低温环境发生韧性断裂,断裂强度为25.78MPa,断裂伸长率为379.4%,具有优异的低温力学性能;同时TGA试验表明GAP/PET嵌段型热塑性聚氨酯T_d>220℃,热稳定性好。     

Preparation and characterization of a biodegradable polyester elastomer with thermal processing abilities

We studied the condensing reaction of sebacic acid and glycerol and prepared biodegradable elastomers. Swelling experiments proved that the elastomers were crosslinked polyesters consisting of both insoluble parts (gel) and soluble parts (sol), but the content of sol was higher than gel. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that some ordered and crystallized structures existed in most of the elastomers. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement showed that there were both crystal regions and amorphous regions with low glass‐transition temperatures in the products, which indicated the elastomers had a microphase separation structure. The elastomers exhibited thermal processing abilities, such as mold‐shaping performance, and a certain elasticity, and hydroxyl, carboxyl, and ester groups in the molecular chains endowed the elastomers with good biodegradation abilities. Furthermore, by altering the molar ratio of the reactants, we were able to adjust the mechanical properties, biodegradable performance, and so on of the elastomers. Glycerol and polymers containing sebacic acid have been approved for biological medical uses by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, so the elastomers we prepared would have broad application in medical fields such as implants and drug‐delivery systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2033–2041, 2005     

荧光导热有机硅弹性体的制备与性能研究

利用1-溴芘和端乙烯基硅油的赫克反应,合成了不同相对分子质量的荧光乙烯基硅油。利用核磁共振仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征荧光硅油的化学结构,荧光分光光度计和紫外-可见吸收分光光度计表征其光学性能。荧光乙烯基硅油与交联剂在高温下交联,制备了荧光有机硅弹性体(PyPDMS),探究了PyPDMS的硬度、交联密度、力学性能和热稳定性能。结果表明:荧光弹性体具有较低的硬度(25.8~39.4 H00)、较小的交联密度和较高的热稳定性。在力学性能探究中,与无荧光弹性体(PDMS)相比,荧光基团的引入使PyPDMS-2的断裂伸长率提高为PDMS-2的1.64倍,PyPDMS-3的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率同时提高,分别为PDMS-3的1.94和1.13倍。在弹性体渗油测试中,荧光弹性体析出物质被荧光标记,可以对其进行实时监测,并且与PDMS相比,荧光弹性体的析出物质明显减少,可用于实际应用中对导热有机硅材料渗油量的调控。     

影响聚氨酯弹性体性能因素的研究

用聚酯二醇（或聚四氢呋喃二醇），甲苯二异氰酸酯，三元醇等原料合成低硬度浇注型聚氨酯弹性体，考察了多元醇的种类，游离NCO质量分数，交联剂的并用和交联系数，增塑剂的用量等因素对综合力学性能和耐油性，耐溶剂性能和压缩变形性的影响。     

Urethane polymers from hydroxylated fish oil

Alewife fish oil was hydroxylated by performic, peracetic and pertungstic acid methods. Products were compared with respect to yield, free acid, hydroxyl number, saponification value and peroxide value. Fish oils oxidized with performic acid resulted in high yields (83% to 95%), low acid values (0.12 to 0.19), high hydroxy (142 to 245) and saponification (247 to 271) numbers, and relatively low peroxide values (72 to 266). Performic acid hydroxylated alewife and menhaden oils were used to prepare urethane foams. These foams exhibited characteristic low compressive strengths at 10% deflection (6.4 to 9.5 psi), low density (1.45 to 1.65 pcf), high porosity (0.7 to 1.7% closed cells) and high water absorption compared to a conventional polyether urethane foam. Performic acid hydroxylated alewife oil was further refined, using cation and anion exchange resins, for use in the preparation of urethane elastomers. These polymers generally exhibited higher tensile and Graves tear strengths than a comparable castor oil elastomer used as a control. though dielectric strengths were similar for both fish oil and castor oil elastomers, tensile elongation at break point was greater for the castor oil elastomers. When the isocyanate index of the fish oil elastomers was increased from 105 to 156, the Graves tear strength exhibited the greatest change.