基于Nios Ⅱ的通用语音处理平台的研制

从系统开发的角度,介绍了一种基于Nios Ⅱ软核CPU的通用语音处理平台的设计和实现过程;该系统采用TI公司的24位,8通道同步采样ADC ADS1278对8路麦克风阵列信号进行同步采集;FPGA采用ALTERA公司的EP3C55F484C8,在其上运行的NiosⅡ软核处理器作为数据处理的核心,包括对数据进行FFT/IFFT变换、语音增强等方面的处理;采用FTDI公司的第五代USB接口芯片FT2232H与上位机进行通信;由于Nios Ⅱ具有完全可定制性,性能可配置性等特点,配合使用Nios Ⅱ C语言至硬件(C2H)加速器,使系统达到实时的应用要求,而且具有传统的单片机或DSP无法达到的集成度高、灵活性强等优点.     

AD421 16位串行输入4～20mA电流环路输出数模转换器的原理及其应用

AD421是美国ADI公司最近推出的一种新器件，它以串行方式输入16位数字信号，经数模转换后以4～20mA电流形式输出。它非常适用于智能变送器的设计，在主控设备与智能变送器之间可同时实现4～20mA模拟通信和在HART协议下的数字信号通信。     

具备HART主站功能的模拟量采集模块设计

设计基于CPU+FPGA架构的具备快速HART主站功能的多通道模拟量采集模块;采集模块的CPU与FPGA通过PCIe总线通信;FPGA通过隔离的SPI总线控制8路模拟量采集通道,并与两路协议转换芯片通信;单个协议转换芯片实现一路SPI与四路UART的转换,与四路HART MODEM通过UART接口通信;HART信号通道与模拟量采集通道一一对应,HART信号通过耦合模块与模拟量信号在滤波模块和保护电路之间叠加;模拟量输入信号,经过通道保护电路和滤波模块后到达模拟量转换模块,进行模数转换;通过使用FPGA和协议转换芯片,实现了8个模拟量采集通道的并行采集处理,实现了HART通道串行通信的并行工作;在CPU中运行两个独立线程,各自负责一片协议转换芯片下的四路HART通信,四路HART通信以循环发送和循环接收的方式工作;并行工作的方式提高了模拟量采集的速率,减少了HART通信的等待时间,提高了HART通信的效率;模块通道之间相互隔离,降低了通道间故障相互影响的概率,提高了模块的可靠性;模块支持4~20mA电流信号和±5V、±10V电压信号采集,采集精度0.1%,电流采样电阻250欧姆,通道间隔离电压可达1000VDC。     

一种智能数据采集和控制模块的设计

介绍了一种用于计算机控制系统中的智能数据采集和控制模块的设计,该模块能够采集8路1～5 V或4～20 mA的工业标准信号,同时能够控制8路开关量输出,模块采用Modbus现场总线协议与上位机通信.     

高精度信号隔离分配器的设计及自校准的实现

通过对信号调理技术及模拟量隔离技术的研究,设计了一种可以自动校准的高精度模拟信号隔离分配器.该器件用于采集工业现场电流信号或电压信号,实现1路4 mA～20 mA电流信号或1～5 V电压信号输入、4路4 mA～20 mA电流信号输出.其电源、输入和输出三端隔离,常温下精度优于0.05%.具有线性度好、温漂系数小、可靠性高等优点.为了克服机械电位器调校效率低、易受环境影响等缺点,同时开发了一个通用校准装置,以实现自动化校准.     

一种智能数据采集模块的设计

介绍了一种用于计算机控制系统中的智能数据采集和控制模块的设计,该模块能够采集8路1～5V或4～20mA的工业标准信号,同时能够控制8路开关量输出,模块采用Modbus现场总线协议与上位机通信。     

基于HART协议的二线制涡轮流量变送器的开发

以HART协议为通信标准,提出了系统的总体方案设计,通过对HART协议的理解与掌握,详细的给出了基于涡轮流量变送器的软硬件设计;硬件设计部分包括涡轮脉冲采集模块,微处理器模块,HART通信模块和4~20 mA环路电流模块4个模块,其中HART通信模块采用HART调制解调器芯片AD5700实现,4~20 mA环路电流模块采用环路供电专用芯片AD5421实现,二者共同构成了HART协议的物理层接口,文章硬件电路所采用的都是低功耗芯片,用纯硬件的方法解决了HART总线设备的低功耗难点;软件设计部分包括主监控程序、变送计算程序和HART协议通信程序3个程序模块,重点讲述了HART协议的数据链路层和应用层的实现过程;最后文章对涡轮流量变送器的二线制传输功能和HART通信功能进行了测试;测试结果表明,变送器的设计要求基本实现了。     

Nios Ⅱ内核技术在以太网通信的应用

利用Altera公司开发的Nios Ⅱ软核处理器技术,在FPGA内部嵌入用户可配置的Nios CPU内核,从而实现设计上可剪裁、可配置的优点.针对网络化数据采集的需要,在Cyclone系列FPGA上应用Nios Ⅱ内核来配置核心处理器,并采用IwIP精简网络协议.基于Nios Ⅱ的网络接口设计方案,以可编程逻辑器件为核心,以网络为信息传输的媒介,为远程数据采集系统的网络化传输提供了很好的解决力案.     

基于HART协议的储罐自动计量系统的设计

研究和探讨了储罐自动计量使用的核心技术:储罐计量方法和HART通信协议,给出了HART协议在储罐自动计量系统中的应用实例.HART协议是模拟系统向数字系统转变过程中唯一向后兼容的智能仪表解决方案,在发挥现代现场总线技术优势的同时,保留了对现有工业电流标准4～20 mA信号的兼容性.本文对HART协议作了全面的分析,阐述了HART总线通信功能的软、硬件工作原理.     

基于NiosⅡ的智能多接口片上系统设计

设计了一种基于NiosⅡ处理器的片上系统(SoC),集成了NiosⅡ处理器IP、PCI接口IP、网络接口IP以及基于Wishbone总线的串行接口IP核、CAN接口IP核等。系统具有可重配置、可扩展、灵活、兼容性高、功耗低等优点,适合于片上系统开发与应用。本设计使用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言在QuartusⅡ环境下进行IP软核设计、综合、布局布线,在Model Sim下完成功能、时序仿真,在SoPC下完成系统的定制与集成,在NiosⅡ IDE环境下完成片上系统软件程序的开发,最后在FPGA器件上实现了智能多接口功能的片上系统。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。