几种农药对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

测定了5％氟虫脲DC、1％氟虫脲OL、25％灭幼脲EC、2．4％苦叁碱．氯氰菊酯EC、50％灭蝇胺SP、10％灭蝇胺ME对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的田间防效，试验结果表明，氟虫脲、灭蝇胺可较好地控制美洲斑潜蝇的危害，而灭幼脲，苦参碱．氯氰菊酯对美洲班潜蝇的防效较差，不宜单独用于防治美洲斑潜蝇幼虫。     

14种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的药效试验

近年来小菜蛾在我国北方的发生呈明显上升趋势，１４种杀虫剂对山东泰安小菜蛾的室内及田间试验表明：喹硫磷、辛硫磷、Ｂ．ｔ．乳剂、灭幼脲、氟虫脲和定虫隆防效均在８０％以上；双甲脒亦有较好防效，田间施药后５～７天，防效为８０．５～８２．３％；４种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂及灭多威对该虫效果差。     

氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾幼虫的室内毒力比较

采用浸叶法比较了5％丁烯氟虫腈乳油和5％氟虫腈悬浮剂对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明，前者“速效性”不及后者，但随着用药时间的延长，5％丁烯氟虫腈乳油对小菜蛾的毒力增加较快，两者对小菜蛾毒力之间的差异逐渐减小。在相同浓度下，丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾的致死速度稍低于氟虫腈。用2mg／L浓度药液处理72h后，两者的校正死亡率分别为93．33％和95．56％，无显著性差异存在；两者对试虫的毒力数据即LC50、LC95亦处于相同水平；在低浓度下，丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾的活性低于氟虫腈。     

14种杀早剂对小菜蛾的药效试验

近年来小菜蛾在我国北方的发生呈明显上升趋势。１４种杀虫剂对山东泰安小菜蛾的室内及田间试验表明：喹硫磷，辛硫磷，Ｂ．ｔ．乳剂，氟虫脲和定虫隆防效均在８０％以上；双甲脒亦有较好防效，田间施药后５－７天，防效为８０．５－８２．３％；４种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂及灭多威对该虫效果差。     

木荷提取物对小菜蛾和菜青虫的拒食活性

室内测定了木荷甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明，木荷树皮甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性最高。木荷树皮甲醇提取物在10g／L的质量浓度下，对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24h和48h的拒食率分别为94．27％和94．78％，拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为2．7445g／L和1．5519g／L；对菜青虫3龄幼虫，在2g/L的质量浓度下，24h和148h的拒食率均达到100％，拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为0．1053g／L和0．1488g／L。     

2％绿星乳油防治小菜蛾、菜蚜试验

进行了2％绿星乳油防治小菜蛾[Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)、菜蚜[Brevicoryne brassicae(Linnaeus)]，包括萝卜蚜和桃蚜的试验：结果表明，2％绿星乳油40－60ml／667m^2对该虫具有较好防效，防效在84．31％－96．73％，且对蔬菜安全。     

新型杀螨剂嘧螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛的生物活性

测定了新型杀螨剂嘧螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛雌成螨和卵的毒杀活性，结果表明，处理后24h，嘧螨酯原药与30％嘧螨酯胶悬剂对雌成螨的LC50值分别为4．67μg／ml和5．68μg／ml，处理后48h，分别为1．50μg／ml和1.97μg／ml；处理后第10d，对卵的LC50值分别为1．561μg／ml和1．58μg／ml。30％嘧螨酯胶悬剂对柑橘红蜘蛛具有优异的防效。     

牵牛子提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性

以小菜蛾为试虫，对牵牛子提取物进行了生物活性的研究。结果表明，牵牛子的甲醇提取物生物活性最高，测得对小菜蛾3龄幼虫48h的拒食中浓度（AFC50）为34．60g／L；甲醇提取物对小菜蛾具有较高的触杀作用，浸渍法的校正死亡率达100．00％，且对小菜蛾具有很强的生长发育抑制作用，24h和48h后生长发育抑制率分别为101．55％和31．16％，化蛹率仅为8．00％；其他提取物也表现出一定的生物活性。     

环丙氟虫胺对小菜蛾的室内活性与田间防效

[目的]测试并评价环丙氟虫胺对小菜蛾的室内活性及田间防效，为登记和应用推广提供科学依据。[方法]以溴虫氟苯双酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素为对照，采用浸叶法测试环丙氟虫胺对敏感、上海、广东3个小菜蛾种群的室内活性；以溴虫氟苯双酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、溴氰虫酰胺为对照，在上海和广东开展了3年2地田间小区药效试验。[结果]室内生测结果表明：环丙氟虫胺对敏感、上海和广州3个不同种群小菜蛾LC50值为0.0488～0.0516 mg/L；上海种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺和阿维菌素的抗性倍数(RR值)分别为10.31、12.61，表现为中等水平抗性；广东种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺和阿维菌素的RR值分别为699.52、2671.90，表现为极高水平抗性。田间小区试验表明：以15～30 g a.i./hm²在卵孵至低龄幼虫发生期施用，20%环丙氟虫胺SC对小菜蛾药后3、7、10 d的平均防效为87.75%～92.23%、91.55%～94.98%、90.03%～94.42%，与对照药剂溴虫氟苯双酰胺相当(15 g a.i./hm²防效90.08%～92.15%)，显著优于乙基多杀...     

双酰肼类蜕皮促进剂对水稻二化螟的触杀与内吸作用比较

采用点滴法和盆栽土壤处理法分别测定了双酰肼类杀虫荆虫酰肼、JS118和抑食肼(RH5849)对二化螟的触杀与内吸作用，并与氟虫腈和杀虫单进行了比较。结果表明，虫酰肼和JS118对二化螟4龄幼虫的触杀毒力相当，LD50分别为0．0252、0．0310μg／头，约是氟虫腈的十分之一、杀虫单的11～13倍；抑食肼的触杀毒力(LD50为0．2720μg／头)约是虫酰肼和JS118的十分之一。然而，抑食肼20、40ga．i．／667m^2处理盆栽土壤后3、7d，对二化螟、蚁螟的内吸杀虫效果分别迭66．9％～89．0％和84．4％～96．7％，与氟虫腈(2ga．i．／667m^2)、杀虫单(40ga．i．／667m^2)接近或相当，而虫酰肼和JS118(5、10ga.i．／667m^2)无明显内吸杀虫作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.