印刷厂废胶片上银的回收

以硝酸和过氧化氢的混合溶液为银的溶解液,对印刷厂废胶片上银的回收进行了研究.考察了硝酸的浓度、溶解温度对银溶解速度的影响,结果表明:硝酸的浓度为7 mol/L、溶解温度为60℃时,溶解速度较好,且在银的溶解过程中不产生NO、NO2有毒气体,有利于环境保护.     

Effect of electrolyte concentration on low-temperature electrochemical properties of LaNi5 alloy electrodes at 233 K

The effect of KOH electrolyte concentration on low-temperature electrochemical properties of LaNi5 alloy electrodes at 233 K was studied. The results indicated that the electrolyte concentration had great influence on discharge capacity and discharge voltage plateau of LaNi5 alloy electrode at 233 K, and the highest discharge capacity and discharge voltage plateau were both obtained at 6 mol/L KOH. When the KOH electrolyte concentration changed from 5 to 9 mol/L at 233 K, the high rate discharge ability (HRD) had the same change tendency as the diffusion coefficient, but the exchange current density did not change significantly, which implied that hydrogen diffusion was the control step at low temperature 233 K for discharge process of LaNi5 alloy electrode.     

富铼渣常压浸出工艺研究

采用双氧水常压氧化浸出富铼渣,考察液固比、双氧水用量、硫酸浓度、浸出温度和时间对铼浸出率的影响。结果表明,在液固比2∶1,双氧水体积为水2倍,硫酸浓度20g/L,室温下搅拌浸出2h的最优条件下,富铼渣中铼的综合平均浸出率达到96.52%。     

PFS法处理镍钼矿酸浸液萃钼余液的研究

采用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)法处理镍钼矿酸浸液萃钼余液中的重金属离子和化学耗氧量(COD),考察双氧水用量、PFS用量、搅拌时间、pH对余液中Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Ni~(2+)及COD含量的影响。结果表明,在双氧水用量20 mL/L、PFS用量60 mg/L、搅拌时间90 min、pH 11.0的条件下,COD可降至500 mg/L以下,去除率高达89%,重金属离子均达到GB 8978-1996污水综合排放一级标准。     

Degradation and Mineralization of Simazine in Aqueous Solution by Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Advanced Oxidation

Advanced oxidation of simazine in aqueous solution by the peroxone (hydrogen peroxide/ozone) treatment was investigated using Box-Behnken statistical experiment design and response surface methodology. Effects of pH, simazine and H2O2 concentrations on percent simazine and total organic carbon (TOC) removals were investigated. Ozone concentration was kept constant at 45?mg?L?1. The optimum conditions yielding the highest simazine and TOC removals were also determined. Both simazine and peroxide doses affected simazine removal while pH and pesticide dose had more pronounced effect on mineralization (TOC removal) of simazine. Nearly 95% removal of simazine was achieved within 5 min for simazine and peroxide concentrations of 2.0 and 75?mg?L?1, respectively at pH = 7. However, mineralization of simazine was not completed even after 60 min at simazine doses above 2?mg?L?1 indicating formation of some intermediate compounds. The optimum H2O2/pH/Simazine ratio resulting in maximum pesticide (94%) and TOC removal (82%) was found to be 75/11/0.5(mg?L?1).     

Oxidative Decolorization of Reactive Dye Solution Using Fly Ash as Catalyst

This paper deals with the potential of coal fly ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in peroxidative decolorization of aqueous solution of several reactive drimarene dyes using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effects of various parameters (source of fly ash, fly ash loading, temperature, pH, initial concentration of dye and hydrogen peroxide, and deactivation of catalytic effect of fly ash) were studied. The rate of decolorization is zero order with respect to concentration of dye in the range of 50–200 mg∕L and first order with respect to concentration of H2O2 in the range of 375–2,500 mg∕L. It was found that at 333 K and pH 2.0, only 2% (weight/volume) fly ash loading can completely decolorize 100 mg∕L dye solution within 180–1,770 s for an initial H2O2 concentration of 1,500 mg∕L, depending on the source of fly ash and dye used. But maximum 25% decolorization was noticed after 3 h duration of reaction without fly ash. The negligible homogeneous catalytic action of trace amount of metals like Fe, Mn, and Cu leached from the fly matrix confirmed the sole heterogeneous catalytic nature of fly ash particles in decolorization reactions. The deactivation of fly ash was found to be <30% in nine repeated uses. Adsorption dynamics and mechanism of dyes onto fly ash also were studied in the absence of H2O2.     

Effect of electrolyte concentration on low-temperature electrochemical properties of LaNi5 alloy electrodes at 233 K

The effect of KOH electrolyte concentration on low-temperature electrochemical properties of LaNi5 alloy electrodes at 233 K was studied. The results indicated that the electrolyte concentration had great influence on discharge capacity and discharge voltage plateau of LaNi5 alloy electrode at 233 K, and the highest discharge capacity and discharge voltage plateau were both obtained at 6 mol/L KOH. When the KOH electrolyte concentration changed from 5 to 9 mol/L at 233 K, the high rate discharge ability （HRD） had the same change tendency as the diffusion coefficient, but the exchange current density did not change significantly, which implied that hydrogen diffusion was the control step at low temperature 233 K for discharge process of LaNi5 alloy electrode.     

Synthesis of mesoporous CeO2-MnOx binary oxides and their catalytic performances for CO oxidation

Mesoporous CeO2-MnOx binary oxides with different Mn/Ce molar ratios were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and H2 temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR）. The characterization results indicated that the CeO2-MnOx catalysts exhibited flower-like microspheres with high specific surface areas, and partial Mn cations could be incorporated into CeO2 lattice to form solid solution. The CeO2-MnOx catalysts showed better catalytic activity for CO oxidation than that prepared by the coprecipitation method. Furthermore, the CeO2-MnOx catalyst with Mn/Ce molar ratio of 1 in the synthesis gel （Ce-Mn-1） exhibited the best catalytic activity, over which the conversion of CO could achieve 90% at 135 ℃. This was ascribed to presence of more Mn species with higher oxida- tion state on the surface and the better reducibility over the Ce-Mn-I catalyst than other CeO2-MnOx catalysts.     

矿山含铜氰废水资源化利用工艺研究

采用"活性炭吸附—解吸联合工艺"处理某矿山的含铜氰废水。吸附阶段考察了吸附液pH和吸附方式对含铜氰废水中铜吸附率的影响,解吸阶段考察了解吸方式、时间、解吸液的硫酸和双氧水浓度对含铜炭中铜解吸率的影响。结果表明,先将含铜氰废水pH调至8左右,然后在5级串联吸附条件下吸附1.5h,铜的吸附率均稳定在90%以上,吨炭铜含量为31.4kg;所得含铜炭采用淋滤解吸,并在解吸液的双氧水和硫酸浓度分别为2g/L和3%条件下解吸7h,铜解吸率为87.60%,整个工艺铜的直收率达78%以上。     

NH_3-NH_4Cl-H_2O体系锌浸出液脱锑研究

采用胶体共沉淀法脱除NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系下氧化锌矿浸出液中的锑。结果表明,在氯化亚铁用量2g/L、双氧水用量1.2ml/L、常温搅拌40min的条件下,浸出液中锑脱除率达到95%,锑浓度从7.4mg/L降低到0.3mg/L,可以满足电积要求。     

Hydrogen peroxide decreases pHi in human aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting Na+/H+ exchange

Postischemic endothelial dysfunction may occur as a result of the effects of endogenous oxidants like hydrogen peroxide. Since endothelium-dependent vasodilator function may be affected by pHi, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on endothelial pHi was examined. Hydrogen peroxide (100 micromol/L for 10 minutes) decreased pHi from 7.24+/-0.01 to 7.02+/-0.02 and inhibited recovery from an ammonium chloride-induced intracellular acid load in carboxy SNARF 1 (c-SNARF 1)-loaded human aortic endothelial cells in bicarbonate-free solution. Prior inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange with 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (10 micromol/L), by removal of extracellular Na+, or by glycolytic inhibition with iodoacetic acid blocked the subsequent effect of hydrogen peroxide on pHi. A 2-minute exposure to 100 micromol/L H2O2 decreased intracellular ATP levels by approximately 40%; this was prevented by 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide (1 mmol/L each), inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Both 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide significantly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide-induced intracellular acidification and the effect of hydrogen peroxide on recovery from an intracellular acid load. Hydrogen peroxide decreases pHi in human endothelial cells by inhibiting Na+/H+ exchange. This appears to be mediated by activation of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and subsequent depletion of intracellular ATP. Since a decrease in pHi in this range may alter the activity of NO synthase or affect the synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the endothelial Na+/H+ exchanger may be important in the pathogenesis of postischemic endothelial dysfunction.     

纳米CeO2在水中的分散稳定性研究

利用氨水沉淀法制备纳米CeO2,并利用XRD对其物相进行了表征.在此基础上,选择了聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)、聚甲基纤维素(CMC)以及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为CeO2在水中的分散剂,通过Zeta电位和吸光度讨论了pH值以及分散剂浓度对CeO2在水分散液中稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,在偏碱的条件下添加CMC和PEG1000,在偏酸的条件下添加CTAB时,CeO2在水中有较好的分散稳定性.通过Zeta电位和吸光度选择了分散剂的最佳添加浓度,CMC为0.1％,PEG1000为0.14％,CTAB为0.1％的添加量时,同时,CMC相对于其他两种分散剂而言对CeO2水分散液有较好的稳定性.     

过氧化氢分光光度法测定湿法提钒工艺中钒

为了提高湿法提钒工艺过程控制效率,采用以过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺)显色特性为基础的过氧化氢分光光度法测定钒含量,实现了样品中钒含量的现场快速测定。首先通过在试样溶液中加入适量氢氧化钠溶液,调整溶液pH值至9～10,然后加入过氧化氢将低价态钒全部氧化至钒(V),再加入硫酸调整溶液至酸性,钒(V)与过氧化氢在室温下形成稳定的红棕色过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺),于450 nm处测定吸光度。钒质量浓度在2.0~400 mg/L内与吸光度值符合比尔定律。采用实验方法测定3种湿法冶金提钒液体试样(包括钒浸取溶液、钒盐沉淀后溶液以及废水等)中钒,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.38%、3.5%和7.6%;与高锰酸钾氧化-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法结果相一致。     

铅阳极泥氧化预处理工艺研究

铅阳极泥是粗铅电解精炼的中间产物,含有大量可进一步提取的有价伴生元素,如金、银、铅等元素。本文从生产实际出发,对铅阳极泥湿法预处理工艺进行研究,采用双氧水对铅阳极泥进行氧化预浸处理,并确定了最佳氧化预浸条件。试验表明,在双氧水用量为40 g、溶液盐酸浓度为4.5 mol/、液固比为6∶1、浸出时间为3 h、浸出温度为80℃的条件下,铅阳极泥氧化预浸效果良好,Bi、Sb浸出率均可达到98%以上,As、Cu浸出率达到90%以上,浸出液中Au浓度低于0.1 mg/L,Ag浸出浓度低于30 mg/L,渣率降低至25%以下。本工艺过程简单,成本低,为铅阳极泥处理提供了一条新途径。     

Advanced Oxidation of Diuron by Photo-Fenton Treatment as a Function of Operating Parameters

Advanced oxidation of diuron in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton treatment was investigated by batch experiments. Effects of operating parameters, namely, the concentrations of pesticide (diuron), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ferrous ion [Fe (II)] on oxidation of diuron were investigated by using Box-Behnken statistical experiment design and the response surface methodology. Diuron oxidation by photo-Fenton treatment was evaluated by determining the total organic carbon (TOC), diuron, and adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) removals. Concentration ranges of the reagents resulting in the highest level of diuron oxidation were determined. Diuron removal increased with increasing H2O2 and Fe (II) concentrations, up to a certain level. H2O2 concentration had a more profound effect than diuron and Fe (II) on removal of diuron, TOC, and AOX from the aqueous solution. Complete (100%) disappearance of diuron was achieved after a 15?min reaction period. However, 85% of diuron was mineralized after 240?min, indicating a low level of intermediate formation. Optimal H2O2/Fe (II)/diuron ratio resulting in maximum diuron (100%), TOC (85%), and AOX (100%) removals was found to be 267/36/25?(mg?L?1).     

从荧光粉废料中提取稀土工艺研究

采用4种方案从荧光粉废料中提取稀土元素,并考查了盐酸法提取稀土时盐酸和双氧水用量对稀土浸出率的影响,随后采用碳酸钠焙烧法提取渣中较难浸出的铈、铽,最后采用中和法对酸浸出液进行除杂。结果表明,100g物料盐酸最佳用量为150mL,双氧水用量为20mL,钇、铕浸出率可达99%。经碳酸钠焙烧—盐酸浸出后铽浸出率达到55%,除杂后铁、硅、铝含量分别降至11.47mg/L、15.93mg/L和150mg/L。     

二氯二氨锌的制备及性质

以次氧化锌为原料,经氨浸、除铁、深度除杂、结晶等工序制备二氯二氨锌(Zn(NH3)2Cl2)。结果表明,在NH4Cl浓度4 mol/L、NH4Cl与Zn的摩尔比4∶1、浸出温度70℃、浸出时间60 min的条件下,Zn浸出率高达99%以上。采用质量分数为27.5%的双氧水氧化除铁和锌粉置换可基本彻底除杂。对二氯二氨锌进行了主含量、XRD、SEM、TG-DSC分析验证,结果表明二氯二氨锌的纯度较高,晶形完整。     

1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚光度法测定钒钛磁铁矿中痕量镓

利用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)与镓反应生成红色络合物的特性,建立了光度法测定钒钛磁铁矿中镓的方法。实验表明:于25 mL比色管中,依次加入2.0 mL KHP-HCl缓冲溶液(pH 3.2)、4.0 mL 0.5 g/L PAN溶液、3.0 mL 95%乙醇,用水定容后反应10 min,用1 cm比色皿,于545 nm处采用分光光度法进行测定,镓的质量浓度在0.05～3 μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律,方法检出限为0.033 μg/mL,表观摩尔吸收系数ε=3.0×10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。将GBW 07226a钒钛磁铁矿精矿一号和GBW 07224钒钛磁铁矿原矿一号样品经氢氧化钠和过氧化钠碱熔、水浸取、过滤、酸化还原铁等步骤后,采用乙酸丁酯萃取、水反萃取,使镓与大量基体元素分离,再采用方法对样品中痕量镓进行测定,结果与认定值一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)小于15%。     

铅的酶催化荧光猝灭效应研究及其应用

在碱性介质中,牛血红蛋白能够催化过氧化氢氧化L-酪氨酸,使之产生荧光,而铅对其产生的荧光具有猝灭效应。研究了铅的酶催化荧光猝灭效应并将其应用于痕量铅的测定。在pH 10.4的NH₃·H₂O-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液中,当L-酪氨酸、H₂O₂和牛血红蛋白的浓度分别为1.8×10^-4mol/L,1.8×10^-4mol/L和8.0×10^-7mol/L时,在常温下反应15 min后,于激发波长为317 nm,发射波长为405 nm处,用1.0 cm比色皿测定体系的荧光强度猝灭值(ΔF)。实验表明,铅在质量浓度为1.6～18 mg/L范围内与体系的ΔF呈良好的线性关系。方法检出限为0.2 mg/L。将体系应用于废水中痕量铅的测定,结果与光度法测定结果基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为3.3%~3.6%。将平行测定5次结果进行t检验,所得t检验值均小于理论值,表明实验方法具有良好的准确性。     

废旧锂离子电池正极材料中钴铝同浸过程研究

通过基础热力学数据计算以及绘制反应体系的E-pH图,对废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收中钴铝同浸过程进行研究,考察了硫酸浓度、浸出时间、浸出温度、双氧水用量及液固比对钴、铝浸出率的影响。结果表明,在273K,-0.277相似文献