压电陶瓷驱动器非线性建模研究

压电陶瓷驱动器电压位移之间的非线性特点严重影响着它的位移控制精度,建立压电陶瓷驱动器非线性模型是纳米级微位移测控中的关键环节.采用支持向量机回归的方法,通过引入核函数和损失函数将非线性回归转化成线性问题并提高回归精度,建立了一种新的压电陶瓷驱动器外环非线性模型,并就模型的准确性与其它建模方法进行了比较.试验证明,所建的基于支持向量回归的压电陶瓷驱动器非线性模型很好的描述了压电陶瓷驱动器外环非线性特点,误差控制在2%以内,并且建模过程简单,准确性高.     

支持向量回归与常用近似模型的非线性预测性能比较研究

为降低计算成本和提高优化效率,工程实践中广泛应用近似模型拟合或预测非线性系统响应是研究的前沿与热点。引入支持向量回归方法,通过典型数值案例对比分析其与多项式响应面、kriging和径向基函数的非线性预测性能。利用箱线图直观的证明支持向量回归的非线性预测性能明显优于多项式响应面、kriging和径向基函数,且支持向量回归的预测精度对DOE的依赖性最弱,体现出良好的稳健性能,进一步验证了支持向量回归适用于非线性系统响应的近似建模。     

基于SVR的用电负荷特征三维回归模型

针对用电负荷的周期性特点,将用电负荷特征学习建模为小时、天数、负荷数3个维度的回归问题,提出一种基于支持向量回归机的三维回归模型。将支持向量机的核函数设计为多个核函数的线性组合分别进行参数训练,并给出多路径逐步逼近的参数训练算法。仿真结果表明,与三层神经网络、最小二乘非线性拟合模型相比,该模型具有较好的用电负荷特征学习与预测能力。     

用于回归的临近支持向量机

将临近支持向量分类杌应用在回归问题上,提出临近支持向量回归机,给出线性与非线性情况下的回归函数,该方法比支持向量回归机(svR)问题减少了参数和一半变量,比最小二乘支持向量回归机(LSSVMR)求解公式更加简单,且核函数不需要满足Mercer条件.数值实验结果表明,与SVR和LSSVMR相比,该方法的学习速度更快,且泛化能力较之不相上下.     

一种改进的再生核支持向量机回归模型

基于支持向量机核函数的条件,将Sobolev Hilbert空间的再生核函数进行改进,给出一种新的支持向量机核函数,并提出一种改进的最小二乘再生核支持向量机的回归模型,该回归模型的参数被减少,且仿真实验结果表明：最小二乘支持向量机的核函数采用改进的再生核函数是可行的,改进后的再生核函数不仅具有核函数的非线性映射特征,而且也继承了该再生核函数对非线性逐级精细逼近的特征,回归的效果比一般的核函数更为细腻。     

具有多分段损失函数的多输出支持向量机回归

对多维输入、多维输出数据的回归,可以采用多输出支持向量机回归算法.本文介绍具有多分段损失函数的多输出支持向量机回归,其损失函数对落在不同区间的误差值采用不同的惩罚函数形式,并利用变权迭代算法,给出回归函数权系数和偏置的迭代公式.仿真实验表明,该算法的精确性和计算工作量都优于使用多个单输出的支持向量机回归算法.     

基于支持向量回归的非线性系统辨识

本文将支持向量回归方法应用于非线性系统辨识问题．基于高斯支持向量回归及ε不敏感损失函数的基本思想，本文提出一个非线性系统辨识的新算法，并将其与用于系统辨识的径向基函数神经网络进行了比较．模拟实验表明，支持向量回归方法可以成为非线性系统辨识的有力工具．     

基于最小二乘支持向量回归的水质预测

水质系统是一个开放的、复杂的、非线性动力学系统,具有时变复杂性,针对水质预测方法的研究虽然已经取得了一些成果,但也存在预测精度与计算复杂度等难题。为此,本文提出一种基于最小二乘支持向量回归的水质预测算法。支持向量机是机器学习中一种常用的分类模型,通过核函数将非线性数据从低维映射到高维空间,在高维空间实现线性分类和回归,最小二乘支持向量回归（LS-SVR）利用所有的样本参与回归拟合,使得回归的损失函数不再只与小部分支持向量样本有关,而是由所有样本参与学习修正误差,提高预测精度;同时该算法将标准SVR求解问题由不等式的约束条件及凸二次规划问题转化成线性方程组来求解,提高了运算速度,解决了非线性复杂特性的水质预测问题。     

具分段损失函数的支持向量机回归及在投资决策中的应用

支持向量机回归模型的性能与所选用的损失函数有很大关系.本文提出一种具分段损失函数的支持向量机回归模型,其分段损失函数对落在不同区间的误差项采用不同的惩罚函数形式,并将该模型应用于投资决策问题中,估计收益率向量的联合概率密度函数和最优投资组合.仿真实验表明,其性能要优于一般的支持向量回归方法.     

一种基于SVM的函数模拟方法

支持向量机在高维空间中表示复杂函数是一种有效的通用方法,也是一种新的、很有发展前景的机器学习算法。本文提出采用基于支持向量机的非线性回归法求解函数模拟问题。     

Metamodeling development for reliability-based design optimization of automotive body structure

Metamodels are commonly used in reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) due to the enormously expensive computation cost of numerical simulations. However, for large-scale design optimization of automotive body structure, with the increasing number of design variable and enhanced nonlinearity degree of structural performance, polynomial response surface which is commonly used for vehicle design optimization often suffers exponentially increased computation burden and serious loss of approximation accuracy. In this paper, support vector regression, along with other four complex metamodeling techniques including moving least square, artificial neural network, radial basis function and Kriging, is investigated for approximating frontal crashworthiness performance which is one of the most highly nonlinear performances. It aims at testing support vector regression and providing advanced metamodeling technique for RBDO of automotive body structure. Approximation results are compared in both accuracy and computational efficiency. Based on the frontal crashworthiness example, it is found that support vector regression and moving least square are preferable techniques to approximate structural performances with good accuracy. But support vector regression is recommended for its computational efficiency and better approximation potential. Moreover, the ensemble of support vector regression, moving least square, Kriging and artificial neural network is an effective alternative and is proved, in the RBDO example for the lightweight design of front body structure, to outperform any other single metamodel. The remarkable predominance indicates that the ensemble of support vector regression, moving least square, Kriging and artificial neural network holds great potential in approximating highly nonlinear performances for RBDO of automotive body structure.     

Metamodeling using extended radial basis functions: a comparative approach

The process of constructing computationally benign approximations of expensive computer simulation codes, or metamodeling, is a critical component of several large-scale multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) approaches. Such applications typically involve complex models, such as finite elements, computational fluid dynamics, or chemical processes. The decision regarding the most appropriate metamodeling approach usually depends on the type of application. However, several newly proposed kernel-based metamodeling approaches can provide consistently accurate performance for a wide variety of applications. The authors recently proposed one such novel and effective metamodeling approach—the extended radial basis function (E-RBF) approach—and reported highly promising results. To further understand the advantages and limitations of this new approach, we compare its performance to that of the typical RBF approach, and another closely related method—kriging. Several test functions with varying problem dimensions and degrees of nonlinearity are used to compare the accuracies of the metamodels using these metamodeling approaches. We consider several performance criteria such as metamodel accuracy, effect of sampling technique, effect of sample size, effect of problem dimension, and computational complexity. The results suggest that the E-RBF approach is a potentially powerful metamodeling approach for MDO-based applications, as well as other classes of computationally intensive applications.     

A multi-surrogate approximation method for metamodeling

Metamodeling methods have been widely used in engineering applications to create surrogate models for complex systems. In the past, the input–output relationship of the complex system is usually approximated globally using only a single metamodel. In this research, a new metamodeling method, namely multi-surrogate approximation (MSA) metamodeling method, is developed using multiple metamodels when the sample data collected from different regions of the design space are of different characteristics. In this method, sample data are first classified into clusters based on their similarities in the design space, and a local metamodel is identified for each cluster of the sample data. A global metamodel is then built using these local metamodels considering the contributions of these local metamodels in different regions of the design space. Compared with the traditional approach of global metamodeling using only a single metamodel, this MSA metamodeling method can improve the modeling accuracy considerably. Applications of this metamodeling method have also been demonstrated in this research.     

Approximation of multiresponse deterministic engineering simulations: a dependent metamodeling approach

A new approach to metamodeling is introduced whereby a sequential technique is used to construct and simultaneously update mutually dependent metamodels for multiresponse, high-fidelity deterministic simulations. Unlike conventional approaches which produce a single metamodel for each scalar response independently, the present method uses the correlation among different simulation responses in the construction of the metamodel. These dependent metamodels are solved as a system of equations to estimate all individual responses simultaneously. Since several responses contribute to the construction of each individual metamodel, more information from the computed responses is used, thus improving the accuracy of the obtained metamodels. Examples are used to explore the relative performance of the proposed approach and show that the new approach outperforms conventional metamodeling approaches in terms of approximation accuracy. The new method should be particularly useful in problems that require very computationally intensive simulations.     

A variable fidelity information fusion method based on radial basis function

Radial basis function (RBF) model has been widely used in complex engineering design process to replace the computational-intensive simulation models. This paper proposes a variable-fidelity metamodeling (VFM) approach based on RBF, in which different levels fidelity information can be integrated and fully exploited. In the proposed VFM approach, a RBF metamodel is constructed for the low-fidelity (LF) model as a start. Then by taking the constructed LF metamodel as a prior-knowledge and mapping the output space of the LF metamodel to that of the studied high-fidelity (HF) model, a variable fidelity (VF) metamodel is created to approximate the relationships between the design variables and corresponding output responses. A numerical illustrative example is adopted to make a detailed comparison between the VFM approach developed in this research and three existing scaling function based VFM approaches, considering different sample sizes and sample noises. Results illustrate that the proposed VFM approach outperforms the scaling function based VFM approaches both in global and local accuracy. Then the proposed VFM approach is applied to two engineering problems, modeling aerodynamic data for a three-dimensional aircraft and the prediction of weld bead profile in laser welding, to illustrate its ability in support of complex engineering design.     

Time-based metamodeling technique for vehicle crashworthiness optimization

In automotive industry, structural optimization for crashworthiness criteria is of special importance in the early design stage. To reduce the vehicle design cycle, metamodeling techniques have become so widespread... In this study, a time-based metamodeling technique is proposed for the vehicle design. The characteristics of the proposed method are the construction of a time-based objective function and establishment of a metamodel by support vector regression (SVR). Compared with other popular metamodel-based optimization methods, the design space of the proposed method is expanded to time domain. Thus, more information and features can be extracted in the expanded time domain. To validate the performance of the time-based metamodeling technique, cylinder impacting and full vehicle frontal collision are optimized by the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has potential capability to solve the crashworthiness vehicle design.     

Concurrent treatment of parametric uncertainty and metamodeling uncertainty in robust design

Robust design is an effective approach to design under uncertainty. Many works exist on mitigating the influence of parametric uncertainty associated with design or noise variables. However, simulation models are often computationally expensive and need to be replaced by metamodels created using limited samples. This introduces the so-called metamodeling uncertainty. Previous metamodel-based robust designs often treat a metamodel as the real model and ignore the influence of metamodeling uncertainty. In this study, we introduce a new uncertainty quantification method to evaluate the compound effect of both parametric uncertainty and metamodeling uncertainty. Then the new uncertainty quantification method is used for robust design. Simplified expressions of the response mean and variance is derived for a Kriging metamodel. Furthermore, the concept of robust design is extended for metamodel-based robust design accounting for both sources of uncertainty. To validate the benefits of our method, two mathematical examples without constraints are first illustrated. Results show that a robust design solution can be misleading without considering the metamodeling uncertainty. The proposed uncertainty quantification method for robust design is shown to be effective in mitigating the effect of metamodeling uncertainty, and the obtained solution is found to be more “robust” compared to the conventional approach. An automotive crashworthiness example, a highly expensive and non-linear problem, is used to illustrate the benefits of considering both sources of uncertainty in robust design with constraints. Results indicate that the proposed method can reduce the risk of constraint violation due to metamodel uncertainty and results in a “safer” robust solution.     

基于元建模的移动Ad Hoc网络性能优化

针对移动Ad Hoc网络性能优化过程中的仿真模型精确性与仿真模型运行效率之间的矛盾,提出了利用相关向量元模型来拟合网络仿真模型并进行优化的解决方法.重点研究了元建模方法中的实验设计方法、元模型拟合方法、模型验证与评估等关键技术.利用适度精确的元模型替代仿真模型进行设计空间探索和多目标优化,实验结果表明,基于元模型的优化可以成功应用于移动Ad Hoc网络等复杂系统建模、分析与优化,有效提高此类计算密集过程的计算效率.     

Buffer allocation and performance modeling in asynchronous assembly system operations: An artificial neural network metamodeling approach

This article investigates metamodeling opportunities in buffer allocation and performance modeling in asynchronous assembly systems (AAS). Practical challenges to properly design these complex systems are emphasized. A critical review of various approaches in modeling and evaluation of assembly systems reported in the recently published literature, with a special emphasis on the buffer allocation problems, is given. Various applications of artificial intelligence techniques on manufacturing systems problems, particularly those related to artificial neural networks, are also reviewed. Advantages and the drawbacks of the metamodeling approach are discussed. In this context, a metamodeling application on AAS buffer design/performance modeling problems in an attempt to extend the application domain of metamodeling approach to manufacturing/assembly systems is presented. An artificial neural network (ANN) metamodel is developed for a simulation model of an AAS. The ANN and regression metamodels for each AAS are compared with respect to their deviations from the simulation results. The analysis shows that the ANN metamodels can successfully be used to model of AASs. Consequently, one concludes that practising engineers involved in assembly system design can potentially benefit from the advantages of the metamodeling approach.     

A robust optimization approach based on multi-fidelity metamodel

Multi-fidelity (MF) metamodeling approaches have recently attracted a significant amount of attention in simulation-based design optimization due to their ability to conduct trade-offs between high accuracy and low computational expenses by integrating the information from high-fidelity (HF) and low-fidelity (LF) models. While existing MF metamodel assisted design optimization approaches may yield an inferior or even infeasible solution since they generally treat the MF metamodel as the real HF model and ignore the interpolation uncertainties from the MF metamodel. This situation will be more serious in non-deterministic optimization. Hence, in this work, a MF metamodel assisted robust optimization approach is developed, in which the interpolation uncertainty of the MF metamodel and design variable uncertainty are quantified and taken into consideration. To demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed approach, two numerical examples and a long cylinder pressure vessel design optimization problem are tested. Results show that for the test cases the proposed approach can obtain a solution that is both optimal and within the feasible region even with perturbation of the uncertain variables.