PEEK与纳米SiO_2填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

通过机械共混、冷压成型、烧结的方法制备聚醚醚酮(PEEK)与纳米Si O2颗粒共同填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料试样。利用MRH-3型环-块摩擦磨损实验机对不同配方比例的复合材料在不同实验条件下进行摩擦学性能实验。利用扫描电镜对试样磨损后的摩擦表面形貌和钢环表面的转移膜进行观察和分析。结果表明,填充5%PEEK的PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数达到最低值;10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料中添加不同体积比的纳米Si O2填料可以显著地降低材料的体积磨损率,其中5%Nano-Si O2/10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料的体积磨损率最小;载荷和速度的变化对Nano-Si O2/PEEK/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响显著,而环境温度的变化对该复合材料的摩擦系数与磨损率的影响不明显。     

纳米Al2O3填料增强PEEK-PTFE复合材料基于环-块摩擦结构的摩擦过程研究

本研究旨在探索纳米Al_2O_3填料增强PEEK-PTFE复合材料摩擦过程中摩擦学性能的演变规律。用不同体积比的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和纳米Al_2O_3对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)进行填充改性,经专用模具冷压、烧结炉烧结成型制备得到复合材料样品。利用MRH-3型高速环-块摩擦试验机进行摩擦磨损性能测试,获取不同阶段摩擦学性能数据,计算出整个摩擦实验过程中样品的瞬时磨损率。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和仿真模拟软件(ABAQUS)分别对摩擦过程中对偶钢环表面形貌的演化和复合材料的接触应力变化进行分析。结果表明:PEEK和纳米Al_2O_3可以协同提高PTFE的抗磨损性能,其中10%PEEK/PTFE具有最佳的抗磨损性能(3.69×10~(-6)mm~3/(N·m))和最低的摩擦系数(0.19)。添加5%的纳米Al_2O_3后,复合材料的硬度和热扩散系数有了显著提高。材料的瞬时磨损率在摩擦过程中呈先增大再降低最后保持平稳的变化趋势。试样的接触压力在摩擦初期随磨损量的增大而急剧降低,后期则逐渐趋于稳定。     

纳米ZrO_2和聚醚醚酮填充聚四氟乙烯的摩擦学性能基于环-块摩擦模型的演变过程

用不同体积分数的纳米ZrO_2和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)颗粒填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。使用环-块摩擦磨损试验机测试PTFE复合材料在滑动速度为2 m/s、载荷为200 N的试验条件下的摩擦学性能。获取不同阶段摩擦学性能的数据,计算出在整个试验过程中样品的瞬时磨损率。利用扫描电镜观察不同试验阶段对偶钢环表面形貌的变化图像并进行分析。利用仿真模拟软件(ABAQUS)对摩擦过程中PTFE复合材料的接触应力变化进行分析。结果表明,纳米ZrO_2和PEEK颗粒可以协同改善PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能。特别是添加8%的纳米ZrO_2和20%的PEEK能使PTFE复合材料同时获得最佳的耐磨性(1.29×10~(-6) mm~3/Nm)和较低的摩擦系数。在摩擦试验的后期PTFE复合材料的瞬时磨损率突然急剧上升。根据瞬时磨损率、磨损表面、转移膜形貌和磨屑形态特征的变化规律,将整个磨损过程分为3个阶段(低磨损阶段、过渡磨损阶段和严重磨损阶段)。     

纳米TiO2填充聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用热压成型的方法制备了纳米TiO2填充聚醚砜酮(PPESK)复合材料，在MM—2000摩擦磨损试验机上考察了干摩擦条件下纳米TiO2含量以及试验载荷对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响，并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析PPESK及纳米TiO2／PPESK复合材料磨损表面形貌及磨损机理。结果表明，添加少量纳米TiO2即可以明显提高PPESK的耐磨性，当纳米TiO2含量超过2．5％(体积)时，其耐磨性随填料含量变化不明显，载荷对纳米TiO2填充PPESK复合材料磨损率的影响不大。在低含量时(＜2．5％)，纳米TiO2具有减摩效果，高含量时反而比未填充时大；随量载荷的增加，填充PPESK的摩擦系数显著降低。     

载荷、转速、温度对填充PTFE材料摩擦磨损性能影响的研究

研究聚酰亚胺、石墨填充PTFE复合材料,将复合材料和HT250材料配副,利用MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机测量在不同载荷、不同转速的工况下,摩擦副摩擦系数、体积磨损率、温度的变化情况。然后用JSM-5600LV扫描电子显微镜对磨损后的试样表面和对偶件表面进行形貌分析。结果表明,填充PTFE摩擦学性能明显优于纯PTFE;用聚酰亚胺和石墨填充PTFE复合材料在试验过程中,载荷、转速均存在极限值,当载荷超过300 N,转速超过1 500 r/min时,摩擦系数和体积磨损率同时大幅度提高;同时当试样表面温度超过140℃时,复合材料形成的转移膜会出现烧灼。     

Ekonol和nano-TiO2改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦磨损性能

采用纳米TiO2和Ekonol填充改性聚四氟乙烯,研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并讨论了磨损机理.研究表明:Ekonol含量为20%时,磨损率最低,仅为0.98×10-6mm3/(N·m).纳米TiO2的存在能够很好地改善10%Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能,纳米TiO2含量为6%时,复合材料的磨损率大大降低...     

不同聚合物填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用机械共混,冷压成型,烧结等工艺制备了四种聚四氟乙烯复合材料,并利用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷200N,滑动速度2m/s下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。采用JSM-6700扫描电子显微镜观察分析了转移膜形貌及磨损机理。实验结果表明,PEEK、AF、PI的加入都能有效地提高PTFE的压缩强度和压缩模量。10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料的平均摩擦系数最小,5%PI/10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料耐磨性最好,其耐磨性较纯PTFE提高了630倍。     

混杂填料增强PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用M-2000型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷以及纳米TiO2/SiO2与玻璃纤维的混合填料对PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损后的表面形貌.结果表明:纳米材料与玻璃纤维的协同作用显著改善了材料的摩擦磨损性能,其中纳米TiO2与玻纤填充复合材料的耐磨性较好,磨损量降低了2～3个数量级,其磨损机制是低载荷下为磨粒磨损.高载荷下为疲劳磨损;纳米SiO2与玻纤填充复合材料的摩擦系数与PTFE相近,磨损机制是低载荷下为磨粒磨损,高载荷下为粘着磨损和表面微犁削磨损.     

纳米金刚石与聚醚醚酮填充改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用模压-烧结方法制备了纳米金刚石(ND)与聚醚醚酮(PEEK)填充改性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,并研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能及其微观结构。结果表明,随着PEEK含量增加到20%(质量分数),复合材料的耐磨性显著提高;而较低填充量的ND可以在降低复合材料摩擦系数的情况下提高其耐磨性能。1.0%ND/20%(质量分数)PEEK/PTFE复合材料的减摩耐磨性能优良,与纯PTFE相比,该复合材料的摩擦系数下降约20%,耐磨性能提高120倍,原子力显微分析表明该复合材料中ND分布均匀。     

基于正交设计的纳米蛇纹石-纳米氧化镧/聚四氟乙烯复合材料在沙尘环境下的摩擦学性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为基体,采用正交实验法研究了纳米蛇纹石(nano Serpentine)、纳米氧化镧 (nano La₂O₃)和环境三种因素对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。采用自制沙尘模拟装置改进现有的 MMU-5G摩擦磨损试验机对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料进行摩擦学实验。通过SEM观察试样磨损表面和转移膜形貌,分析nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料磨损机制。结果表明:环境因素对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数影响最大,干摩擦摩擦系数比沙尘环境下摩擦系数低;nano Serpentine含量对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的磨损率影响最大,当nano Serpentine质量分数为9wt%时,nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的总体磨损率最低。nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,沙尘环境的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.