Effect of Axial Magnetic Field on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CrN Films Deposited by Arc Ion Plating

CrN films were deposited on the high-speed-steel substrates by arc ion plating. The effect of an axial magnetic field on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The chemical composition, microstructure, surface morphology, surface roughness, hardness and film/substrate adhesion of the film were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope(SEM), surface morphology analyzer, Vickers microhardness test and scratch test. The results showed that the magnetic field puts much effect on the microstructure,chemical composition, hardness and film/substrate adhesion of the Cr N films. The N content increases and Cr content decreases when the magnetic flux density increases from 0 to 30 m T. All of the Cr N films were found to be substoichiometric. With an increase in the magnetic flux density, the film structures change in such way: Cr_2N →Cr_(2-N)+CrN→CrN+Cr_2N→CrN.The SEM results showed that the number of macroparticles(MPs) on the film surface is significantly reduced when the magnetic flux density increases to 10 mT or higher. The surface roughness decreases with the magnetic field, which is attributed to the fewer MPs and sputtered craters on the film surface. The hardness value increases from 2074 HV_(0.025) at 0 mT(without magnetic field) and reaches a maximum value of 2509 HV_(0.025) at 10 m T.The further increase in the magnetic flux density leads to a decrease in the film hardness. The critical load of film/substrate adhesion shows a monotonous increase with the increase in magnetic flux density.     

Effect of alternative magnetic field on the diffusion layer growth in Al／Zn couple

The influence of an alternative magnetic field on the growth of the diffusion layer in A1-Zn diffusion couple was studied. The thickness of the diffusion layer was examined. The results show that the alternative magnetic field increases the thickness of the diffusion layer and the effect increases with the intensity and frequency of the alternative magnetic field increasing. The growth of the diffusion layer obeys the parabolic rate law and the growth rate increases with the application of the alternative magnetic field. This growth rate change is manifested through a change in the frequency factor ko and not through a change in the activation energy Q. The frequency factor k0 for the diffusion layer growth with the alternative magnetic field is 5.03cm^2/s and the one without the magnetic field is 3.84cm^2/s.     

Numerical analysis of external magnetic field for mitigating backward flow momentum in weld pool

The external magnetic field is applied to mitigating backward flow jet of molten metal in weld pool so that humping bead may be suppressed during high speed gas metal arc welding（GMAW）. Therefore, the external magnetic field distribution in workpiece is critical to understand the interaction mechanisms of the external magnetic field with molten metal flow. In this study, the steady state external magnetic field induced by excitation device is numerically analyzed by using the the finite element software ANSYS and the three dimensional static magnetic scalar method. The distribution of external transverse magnetic field By in workpiece and arc area is calculated, and the influence of excitation current and air-gap distance on the distribution of transverse magnetic field By has been discussed. The magnetic field distribution in workpiece is measured by using a Tesla-Meter and compared with the simulated result. It is found that both are in good agreement.     

Ultrahigh frequency properties of discontinuous CoFeB/SiO2 multilayer films with high resistivity

A series of multilayers of C036Fe46B18/SiO2 were fabricated by DC/RF magnetron sputtering, and further post-annealed in vacuum magnetic field at 200℃ for 2 h. The results show that the microstructures and electromagnetic properties of C036Fea6BIs/SiO2 multilayer films can be altered by varying the thickness of CoFeB and the process of annealing. High permeability along with high magnetic loss in the GHz frequency range is achieved in the optimized discontinuous multilayer films. Both real and imaginary parts of the complex permeability are larger than 260 at 1.6 GHz for this film, and the resistivity is as high as 1.4 mΩcm. The discontinuous Co36Fea6B18/SiO2 multilayers are supposed to serve as the microwave absorbers and EMI shielding materials in GHz range.     

MAGNETORESISTANCE EFFECT OBSERVED IN Fe／Mo MULTILAYERS PREPARED BY ELECTRON BEAM EVAPORATION

The Fe/Mo multilayers were prepared by electron beam evaporation, the micro structure and magnetic properties of the multilayers were studied by X-ray diffraction, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) et al. The experimental results revealed that the Fe/Mo multilayers in our experimental conditions behaved magnetoresistance effect with a sharp peak on magnetoresistance (MR) ratio curve, and magnetoresistance is easily saturated at low applied magnetic fields. For [Fe(1.5nm)/Mo(1.0nm)]4,2 multilayers, MR ratio could arrive to 0.1%. The antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling could be observed in some films at room temperature. The strength of the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling J in the films is low because of the low saturation field Hs. The relationship between magnetic properties and micro structure was also discussed in this paper.     

Numerical model and experimental observation for distribution of SiCp in electromagnetic-centrifugally cast composites

A two-phase numerical model coupled with heat transfer was presented to describe the radial distribution of SiC particles on centrifugally-cast metal matrix composite,and a transverse static magnetic field was concurrently imposed to induce electromagnetic stirring of the melt as it revolved with the mold.Meanwhile,experimental observations were also carried out to examine the radial distribution of SiC particles in pure aluminum.The effects of the imposed magnetic field,particle size and the matrix metals were discussed.The computational results show that the particles tend to be congregated by the centrifugal force,and both increasing the imposed magnetic field and decreasing the particle size tend to result in even distribution of the particles.With the magnetic field varying from 0 to 1 T and the particle size from 550 to 180 μm,a uniform distribution of the particles in the aluminum matrix can be obtained among the computational results.The matrix metal can also influence the particle distributions due to the difference in physical properties of metals.Experimental observation shows similar tendency of particle distributions in aluminum matrix influenced by magnetic field and particle size.However,the chilling effect from the mold wall results in an outer particle-free zone,which is not involved in the numerical model.     

Bonded Terfenol-D composites with low eddy current loss and high magnetostriction

Bonded Terfenol-D composites,with high electrical resistivity and low eddy current loss,can be used in an alternating magnetic field with high frequency.However,the nonmagnetic binder impairs the magnetostriction of the composites.To achieve high magnetostriction and low eddy current loss,the mixture of the alloy powder and binder was compressed at low pressure in an oriented magnetic field.After this,the aligned samples were recompressed by cold isostatic pressing(CIP).Besides,the effect of particle size on the magnetostriction of the bonded Terfenol-D composites was also studied.The results showed that the bonded Terfenol-D composites had excellent magnetostriction when the particle size was 50-80 μm.The oriented magnetic field and CIP could improve the magnetostriction of the bonded composites,which reaches 1020×10-6.The bonded Terfenol-D composites had good compact structure and high density(7.24 g/cm3).The magnetic loss of the bonded Terfenol-D composites was 192 mW/cm3 at a frequency of 100 kHz in a magnetic field of 960 A/m,which was about one third of that of casting Terfenol-D alloys.     

EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN Fe-21Ni-4Mn ALLOY

The pulsed magnetic field induced martensitic transformation with isothermal and athermal kinetics in Fe-2Ni-4Mn(wt-%)alloy has been studied by means of magnetization measurements,optical microscopy and thermodymical analyses.It is shown that there exits a critical magnetic intensity for induing martensitic transformation at a given temperature above Ms.The critical magnetic field increases linearly with increasing ΔT= T-M_S.The magnetic field strongly promotes the athermal martensitic transforamtion and restrains the isothermal one.The entropy change ΔS for athermal transformation at Ms is 4.13 J/mol· K.The effect of magnetic field on martensitic transformation in Fe-21Ni-4Mn alloy is main- ly due to Zeeman effect.Lath,plate and butterfly martensities were observed under magnetic field.     

Microstructure and properties of indium tin oxide thin films deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering

Tin-doped indium oxide （ITO） thin films were prepared using conventional radio frequency （RF） planar magnetron sputtering equipped with IR irradiation using a ceramic target of In2O3/SnO2 with a mass ratio of 1：1 at various IR irradiation temperatures T1 （from room temperature to 400℃）. The refractive index, deposited ratio, and resistivity are functions of the sputtering Ar gas pressure. The microstructure of ITO thin films is related to IR T1, the crystalline seeds appear at T1= 300℃, and the films are amorphous at the temperature ranging from 27℃ to 400℃. AFM investigation shows that the roughness value of peak-valley of ITO thin film （Rp-v） and the surface microstructure of rio thin films have a close relation with T1. The IR irradiation results in a widening value of band-gap energy due to Burstein-Moss effect and the maximum visible transmittance shifts toward a shorter wavelength along with a decrease in the film＇s refractive index. The plasma wavelength and the refractive index of ITO thin films are relative to the T1. XPS investigation shows that the photoelectrolytic properties can be deteriorated by the sub-oxides. The deterioration can be decreased by increasing the oxygen flow rote （fo2）, and the mole ratio of Sn/In in the samples reduces with an increase info2.     

Exchange bias on polycrystalline BiFeO_3/Co_2Fe(Al_(0.5)Si_(0.5)) heterostructures

Polycrystalline antiferromagnetic BiFeO_3(BFO)thin films were grown on Si/Si O_2/Ti/Pt(111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition and then ferromagnetic films Co_2Fe(Al_(0.5)Si_(0.5))(CFAS) by magnetron sputtering. After fabrication, the films were vacuum-annealed under a 0.1-T magnetic field at different temperatures from 150 to 500 °C.The exchange bias field can be tuned by the annealing temperature for the heterostructures, and the electric domain size can be controlled by the crystal grain size. A large exchange bias of about 5*10~(-3)T is observed in one of the samples. It can be speculated that the crystal grain sizes are the key element in determining the exchange bias and coercivity of the films annealed at the temperature of higher than Neel temperature(T N) of BFO. Furthermore, it is possible to extend spin theories from single-crystal BFO system to polycrystalline BFO system.     

SOFT MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND GIANT MAGNETOIMPEDANCE EFFECT IN MAGNETIC FIELD–DEPOSITED FeCuCrVSiB FILMS

采用射频溅射法, 在无磁场和施加72 kA/m的纵向磁场下制备了FeCuCrVSiB软磁合金薄膜样品, 对沉积态样品的软磁特性和巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应进行了测量和分析. 结果表明, 在制备过程中加磁场可明显改善材料的软磁性能, 与无磁场沉积态相比, 样品的矫顽力从1.080 kA/m降低到0.064 kA/m, 在13 MHz频率下有效磁导率比从10%增加到106%. GMI效应与磁导率比的大小密切相关. 无磁场沉积态样品没有检测到GMI效应, 而磁场沉积态样品则具有显著的GMI效应. 在13 MHz 的频率下, 最大纵向和横向巨磁阻抗比分别高达22%和20%. 这些结果都优于厚度几乎相同的退火态FeCuNbSiB薄膜的GMI特性.     

沉积态(Fe88Zr7B5)0.97Cu0.03软磁合金薄膜的磁性和巨磁阻抗效应

采用射频溅射法在单晶硅衬底上制备了(Fe88Zr7B5）0．97Cu0．03非晶软磁合金薄膜样品，对沉积态样品的软磁性能和巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应进行了实验研究与机理分析．结果表明，未掺Cu元素的Fe88Zr7B5沉积态合金薄膜几乎无GMI效应，而掺了适量Cu元素的(Fe88Zr7B5)0．97Cu0．03合金薄膜在沉积态下即具有显著的GMI效应．在13MHz频率下，最大纵向磁阻抗比达17％，最大横向磁阻抗比为11％，这表明(Fe88Zr7B5)0．97Cu0.03非晶合金薄膜在沉积态已具备优异的软磁性能和巨磁阻抗效应．同时讨论了该薄膜样品的巨磁阻抗效应随频率的变化特性．     

NiFeSiMnMo/CU/NiFeSiMnMo多层膜的非线性巨磁阻抗效应

观察用蒸镀法制备的NiFeSiMnMo／Cu／NiFeSiMnMo多层膜的巨磁阻抗效应,经过退火后,得到性能优良的坡莫合金材料,研究了GMI效应与交变电流频率,和外加直流磁场H的关系,样品在3MHz的频率下能够获得一个14．9％的非线性巨磁阻抗效应。     

制备态FeZrBNi/Ag/FeZrBNi三层膜的巨磁阻抗效应

用射频溅射法在单晶硅衬底上制备了FeZrBNi／Ag／FeZrBNi三层膜，对制备态样品进行了磁阻抗测量．结果表明，样品纵向和横向的最大磁阻抗比分别为18％和31％，取得最大阻抗比的频率分别为7和8MHz；在此频率下，样品的纵向和横向相对磁导率比分别达到153％和5117％．这表明掺Ni的FeZrB三层膜在制备态已具备优异的巨磁阻抗效应和软磁性能．同时还分析了薄膜样品的电阻、电抗分量和有效磁导率随频率的变化关系．     

脉冲磁场致非晶合金纳米晶化及巨磁阻抗研究

对Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15非晶合金薄带进行低频脉冲磁场处理,M?ssbauer谱分析及透射电镜(TEM)观察结果表明,样品发生了初始纳米晶化,晶化量与磁脉冲强度有关。采用巨磁阻抗(简称GMI)测量仪测量样品GMI,结果显示GMI与脉冲磁场强度HP呈非单调变化规律,HP为350 kA·m-1时样品具有最大GMI,其值为263.5%。磁脉冲在样品内感生的横向各向异性对GMI效应产生影响,当外加直流磁场Hex等于感生磁各向异性场Hk时,GMI出现峰值     

Influence of Aspect Ratio on Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect for Fe_(67)Co_(18)Si_(11)B_4 Amorphous Ribbons

The effect of sample geometry aspect ratio(l/w)on the giant magnetoimpedance(GMI)in Fe_(67)Co_(18)Si_(11)B_4amorphous ribbons was investigated systematically.The GMI profiles were measured as a function of the external magnetic field at different frequencies up to 110 MHz.The results show that there exists a critical aspect ratio((l/w)_0=5.4)below which the maximum GMI effect and sensitivity g decrease with decreasing l/w and above which the maximum GMI effect keeps almost constant and g decreases with increasing l/w.The observed dependence on aspect ratio as(l/w)\(l/w)_0is correlated with the magnetization process:Complex domain structures emerged near the ribbon ends to decrease the magnetostatic energy,modify the transverse permeability and consequently GMI response.Contributions from transverse permeability and resistance may dominantly determine the change of GMI effect as(l/w)[(l/w)_0.     

软磁薄带（丝）的巨磁阻抗效应及其应用

介绍了居磁阻抗效应的来源，综述了它和样品的磁各向异性，驱动电流的频率，样品的电导率及厚度的关系，并简要介绍了它的应用。     

FeSiB合金熔体的微分热分析和夹杂物研究

本文采用自行研制的微分热分析仪测定了FeSiB合金熔体在凝固过程中的温度-时间曲线,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了试样的夹杂物形貌及成分,研究了所测曲线特征参数与夹杂物之间的关系。结果表明:当FeSiB合金熔体在凝固过程中的初晶时间间隔和初晶温度间隔都随熔体的夹杂物含量的增加而增大,同时,在薄带制带过程中容易产生水口堵塞等异常现象。     

直流偏置电流对钴基非晶带环形磁芯巨磁阻抗效应的影响

将近零磁致伸缩系数的Co66.3Fe3.7Si12B18非晶薄带卷成环形后,在200Gs横磁场作用下,用密度为25A/mm2的脉冲电流退火30s,在穿过环形薄带圆心的直流电流产生的圆周磁场作用下的巨磁阻抗效应.激励电流频率f＞100kHz时,阻抗随圆周磁场的变化呈现对称双峰曲线;最大阻抗变化率（GMI）max随频率的升高而增大,当频率f=2MHz,幅值Ip=10mA时,（GMI）max=57%.直流偏置电流改变了非晶带横向磁导率,造成阻抗变化的不对称.偏置电流较小时,阻抗变化曲线的一边峰值得到加强,另一边峰值减弱;偏置电流较大时,两峰值都被削弱.阻抗变化的不对称性与激励电流的频率和直流偏置电流大小有紧密联系.     

磁场沉积态FeCuCrVSiB薄膜的软磁特性和巨磁阻抗效应

采用射频溅射法,在无磁场和施加72 kA/m的纵向磁场下制备了FeCuCrVSiB软磁合金薄膜样品,对沉积态样品的软磁特性和巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应进行了测量和分析.结果表明,在制备过程中加磁场可明显改善材料的软磁性能,与无磁场沉积态相比,样品的矫顽力从1.080 kA/m降低到0.064 kA/m,在13 MHz频率下有效磁导率比从10%增加到106%.GMI效应与磁导率比的大小密切相关.无磁场沉积态样品没有检测到GMI效应,而磁场沉积态样品则具有显著的GMI效应.在13 MHz的频率下,最大纵向和横向巨磁阻抗比分别高达22%和20%.这些结果都优于厚度几乎相同的退火态FeCuNbSiB薄膜的GMI特性.