氢对LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了氢在LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂过程中的作用。结果表明，LC4合金在干燥空气中不发生应力腐蚀断裂，而在潮温空气中发生应力腐蚀断裂，在潮湿空气和阳极极化条件下，铝合金的应力腐蚀断裂机理是以阳极溶解为主，氢几乎不起作用，在预渗氢或阴极极化条件下，氢脆起主要作用，预渗氢时间延长可加速LC4合金的应力腐蚀断裂。     

P110SS钢在H2S和CO2环境中的腐蚀特征

利用高温高压哈氏合金反应釜对P110SS油套管钢在不同H2S和CO2环境下的腐蚀行为进行了实验。研究了H2S和CO2分压对P110SS油套管钢腐蚀规律的影响,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法分析了腐蚀试样的微观形貌与结构特征,发现P110SS在较低温度条件下,H2S浓度非常低时,腐蚀特征与单纯CO2腐蚀规律相似,腐蚀速率比较高。在相同的H2S分压条件下,随CO2浓度增加,腐蚀速率依次增加。通过应力腐蚀开裂试验表明,P110SS在高温205℃条件下应力腐蚀开裂敏感较小。     

含铬油套管钢材在CO2和微量H2S共存环境中的腐蚀规律

目的 研究不同含铬材质钢在CO2和微量H2S共存环境中的腐蚀行为，优化深井油套管抗腐蚀设计方案。方法 以实际油水分离的水样为腐蚀介质进行模拟实验，采用高温高压反应釜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)，揭示4种含铬材质钢在不同腐蚀环境中的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物膜及应力腐蚀开裂特征，并建立高CO2与微量H2S共存环境下油套管防腐选材优化设计方法。结果 在高分压比条件下均发生了由CO2主导的腐蚀反应，腐蚀产物以FeCO3为主，加入微量H2S后低Cr材质产物膜的附着力较低，出现了疏松脱落现象，FeS优先成膜，含铬钢表面的腐蚀产物膜呈现“富铬”现象，膜的保护性能得到改善。3种腐蚀环境中3Cr钢对应的腐蚀速率分别为1.965 3、1.736 1、1.159 2 mm/a，均处于极严重程度，且表面出现了局部沟槽;9Cr钢的产物膜轻微覆盖，腐蚀较轻，13Cr和S13Cr基本无产物膜覆盖，未发生腐蚀。9Cr、13Cr和S13Cr在加载90%的屈服应力时均未发生应力腐蚀开裂，应力腐蚀敏感性较低。结论 含铬钢具有良好的抗腐蚀性能，基于腐蚀环境特点提出了井筒分段防腐选材设计方案“9Cr+13Cr+超级13Cr”，有效降低了防腐成本，研究结果对CO2和微量H2S共存环境中含Cr钢腐蚀特征和优化选材提供了理论依据。     

表面状态对核电关键材料腐蚀和应力腐蚀的影响

全球迄今发生的核电安全事件往往是由局部腐蚀造成，而局部腐蚀从表面起始。表面状态如何影响腐蚀，以及辐照和应力与之的交互作用已经成为核电站运行安全性、可靠性、经济性保障的重要技术难题之一。本文系统总结了在过去十余年的国家系列项目支持下，针对核电用关键结构材料在不同表面加工与划伤后微观组织变化、在模拟核电站一回路水中的腐蚀、应力腐蚀和辐照促进应力腐蚀行为，并将这些腐蚀行为与材料的微观组织以及力学、辐照等多因素相关联。结果表明，打磨、划伤和切削加工都会使材料近表面产生不同程度的梯度结构，表面变形层状态存在较大差异。划伤后，在划伤底部存在大于屈服极限的残余压应力。相同粗糙度的切削加工表面，机加工参数不同可以导致深度方向上形成的纳米晶区、晶粒畸变区梯度结构明显不同。这种微观组织与局部应力应变条件使得材料抗腐蚀能力差异显著，例如划伤导致的应力腐蚀裂纹数量与划伤深度正相关。在辐照、腐蚀、应力的联合作用下，辐照促进应力腐蚀敏感性进一步升高。最后展望了未来发展趋势。     

7075铝合金T6状态管材破裂分析

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对7075－T6铝合金管材破裂断口特征及其覆盖物进行了分析，测试了管材表面的应力分布。确定了管材破裂的原因是表面有较大的拉应力，在拉应力和腐蚀介质的共同作用下，产生应力腐蚀破裂，对应力腐蚀的特征，产生条件和机理进行了阐述。讨论了防止应力腐蚀发生的各种方法。     

侯8-11井套管腐蚀开裂分析

对侯8-11井发生腐蚀开裂的套管进行化学成分分析、盎相结构及残余应力分析。结果表明，该油井套管腐蚀开裂是由外向内发展的．其主要原因是腐蚀介质中的Cl-、HCO2-和H2S及表面残余应力共同作用引起的应力腐蚀。     

离子渗氮38CrMoAl钢的腐蚀冲刷磨损行为

研究了３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢调质与离子渗氮试样在海水和砂粒以不同速度（１．４，２．４，３．６，５和７ｍ／ｓ）冲击作用的腐蚀冲刷磨损行为。研究结果表明，调质试样的平均磨损速率随冲刷速度的增加发生明显变化，腐蚀冲刷磨损严重；离子渗氮试样的平均磨损速率随冲刷速度变化很小，腐蚀冲磨损轻微。这表明坚硬的氮化物具有优良的抗腐蚀磨损能力。     

38CrMoAlA、40Cr钢经不同渗氮工艺处理后的性能研究

研究了38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢经气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗、离子渗氮处理后渗氮层的组织、硬度、摩擦磨损和腐蚀性能。试验结果表明，38CrMoAlA钢渗氮层的硬度及在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能高于40Cr钢，但抗摩擦磨损性能不如40Cr钢。依气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗到离子渗氮的顺序，渗氮层的抗磨损性能逐次提高，但抗腐蚀能力逐次降低。从钢的化学成分、渗氮层的硬度和韧性出发，对38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢渗氮层的性能差异进行了分析与总结。     

低Cr经济型抗腐蚀油套管的开发与腐蚀试验研究

介绍了CS80-3CrSS经济型抗腐蚀油套管的研发及应用情况;在模拟油田CO2腐蚀环境下,研究了不同腐蚀影响因素对N80Q钢和CS80-3CrSS钢的作用规律,利用扫描电镜研究了N80Q钢和CS80-3CrSS钢腐蚀产物膜的特征;CS80-3CrSS钢的管体和接箍均通过抗SSC试验。结果表明:CS80-3CrSS经济型抗腐蚀油套管产品各项性能指标良好,适用于中/轻度CO2腐蚀环境或CO2、H2S共存腐蚀环境下的油气田。     

增强型13Cr钢抗CO_2腐蚀套管的研制

简述了石油天然气开采环境中CO2腐蚀的特点,介绍了攀钢集团成都钢铁有限责任公司利用自身设备优势开发增强型13Cr钢抗CO2腐蚀套管的设计思路和开发过程。四川省石油管理局进行的抗腐蚀评价试验表明:新研发钢管在不同CO2腐蚀环境中,尤其是在环境温度较高且含少量H2S的条件下,其力学性能良好,抗腐蚀性能稳定可靠。     

Fatigue Life Properties and Availability of Proof Testing in Ceramics-Coated Glass

The long-term durability of high-performance ceramics-coated glass should be appropriately evaluated prior to their practical applications. Fatigue properties of such materials should be clarified to ensure the long-term durability. In this work, a borosilicate glass was coated with alumina or silicon carbide thin films by sputtering method. Fatigue tests of coated glass were conducted under three-point bending. It was clarified that the fatigue life was elongated by coating ceramic thin films on glass and the fatigue life distribution in glass coated with thicker films shifted toward longer life region. Proof testing was carried out for coated glass specimens to remove specimens having lower fatigue lives. It was suggested that proof testing for fatigue of ceramics-coated glass was effective as a screening procedure which can remove weaker specimens by static pre-loading before fatigue tests. In correlating average fatigue lives, fatigue resistance strength was introduced as the average bending strength divided by the applied maximum stress. It was revealed that the average fatigue lives of every coated glass, including average lives after proof testing, were well correlated by a power function of the fatigue resistance strength and its modified parameter, irrespective of film material and thickness and also applied stress level.     

The susceptibility to sulphide stress cracking of low alloy steels

The susceptibility to sulphide stress cracking (SSC) of low alloy Mn-V and Cr-Mo-Nb steels in standard NACE solution was determined. The critical stress (S_c) and threshold stress (σ_th) of steels were determined in both as-received and heat treated condition. In the as-received state the steel shows a highly susceptibility to SSC dominantly due to its microstucture. By quenching and tempering of steels at high temperature the SSC resistance was increased. It was found that the susceptibility to SSC for Cr-Mo-Nb steel is lower than that of Mn-V steel at a comparable yield strength. It was explained by the presence of different second phases in the ferrite matrix and spheroidized carbide particles resulting from the higher tempering temperature. In addition to Fe₃C, the presence of Cr₃C₂, Mo₂C and NbC in the ferrite matrix of Cr-Mo-Nb steel play an important role in their resistance to SSC. In all cases tested was S_c>σ_th which suggests of the importance of plastic deformation during the test. The microfractographic analysis of specimens before and after SSC testing have been done. Occurrence of cracks in the near outer surface of non-failed tensile specimens during 720 hours test suggested that SSC could be explained as a combination of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC).     

硫含量及显微组织对管线钢力学性能和抗H2S行为的影响

测试了4种不同硫含量(5×10-6,17×10-6,50×10-6,100×10-6)及不同显微组织管线钢的力学性能和抗H2S开裂性能.结果表明,高硫含量(100×10-6)会导致管线钢中Ⅱ型MnS夹杂物的形成,恶化冲击性能,而对拉伸性能和抗H2S开裂性能不产生明显影响.针状铁素体组织比(多边形铁索体 珠光体)组织具有更好的强韧性,但两种组织的抗H2S开裂性能相反,分析认为这与针状铁素体中大量可动位错对氢的携带和聚集有关.     

颗粒增强铝合金叠层复合材料的制备与强度和耐磨性

介绍了ＳｉＣ颗粒增强ＡｌＣｕ合金叠层复合材料的制备方法，研究了叠层复合材料的抗弯强度和增强层的耐磨性与ＳｉＣ颗粒含量的关系。结果表明，ＳｉＣ颗粒体积分数为２０％时该材料的抗弯强度最大，磨损量最小；ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体结合强度及层间宏观应力影响材料的强度性能     

Wf/Zr基非晶复合材料的弯曲断裂行为

采用Instron试验机和SEM研究了钨丝（Wf）增强锆基非晶复合材料的弯曲断裂行为，并与纯非晶合金进行了比较。结果表明，两种材料具有不同的断裂行为：块体非晶在最大应力处产生裂纹，并向内部呈辐射状扩展，弯曲断裂强度为2900MPa；复合材料在界面处产生应力集中，并向周围扩展穿过钨丝断裂，弯曲断裂强度为2000MPa。     

Effects of electroplated zinc-nickel alloy coatings on the fatigue strength of AISI 4340 high-strength steel

Recovered substrates have been extensively used in the aerospace field. Cadmium electroplating has been widely applied to promote protective coatings in aeronautical components, resulting in excellent corrosion protection combined with a good performance in cyclic loading. Ecological considerations allied to the increasing demands for corrosion resistance have resulted in the search for possible alternatives. Zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) alloys have received considerable interest recently, because these coatings show advantages such as a good resistance to white and red rust, high plating rates, and acceptance in the market. In this study, the effect of electroplated Zn-Ni coatings on AISI 4340 high-strength steel was analyzed for rotating bending fatigue strength, corrosion, and adhesion resistance. The compressive residual stress field was measured by x-ray diffraction prior to fatigue tests. Optical microscopy documented coating thickness, adhesion characteristics, and coverage extent for nearly all substrates. Fractured fatigue specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three different Zn-Ni coating thicknesses were tested, and comparisons with the rotating bending fatigue data from electroplated Cd specimens were performed. Experimental results differentiated the effects of the various coatings on the AISI 4340 steel behavior when submitted to fatigue testing and the influence of coating thickness on the fatigue strength.     

Bending mechanical property and failure mechanisms of woven carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy composite

Copper-coated woven carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy composite was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Microstructure, three-point bending mechanical property, and the failure mechanisms of the composite were investigated. Microstructure observation shows that the carbon fibers bond compactly with matrix alloy. Compared with the matrix aluminum alloy, the bending strength, ductility, fracture energy, and cracking resistance of the composite are evidently improved. Microstructure analyses reveal that the high specific strength of carbon fibers and transfer of stress from matrix alloy to carbon fibers are responsible for the increase of the composite bending strength. The expanding of cracks is restrained, and cracking resistance of the composite is improved by adding woven carbon fiber. Attributed to the carbon fibers’ debonding, cracks deflection, and multipath propagation mechanisms, the fracture energy of the composite increases.     

用热喷涂技术防止湿硫化氢应力腐蚀

采用热喷涂技术，设计了Al系、Fe—Cr系粉芯丝材涂层共5种，并对其进行了结合强度、氢扩散能力、电化学性能及应力腐蚀性能等系列试验，考核其抗湿硫化氢应力腐蚀能力．通过对各涂层试验结果的对比分析，从中筛选出了防护效果最佳的配方，并对涂层抗湿硫化氢应力腐蚀的机理进行了讨论．     

宝钢H_2S腐蚀试验系统的自主设计集成

为满足抗硫油井管、抗硫管线管及抗硫压力容器用钢的生产试验需要,宝山钢铁股份有限公司建设了一套完整的H2S腐蚀检测设施,包括SSCC实验室、HIC实验室、试验准备室、控制室及废气处理系统等。通过自主设计集成,解决了废气处理系统、应力环集控系统、恒温腐蚀槽、空调等的设计难题,打通了抗硫油井管的生产"瓶颈",提高了抗硫油井管的产能。     

Corrosion and fatigue in micro-sized Ni cantilever beams

The Ni microcantilevers were fabricated by femtosecond laser. The corrosion behavior of the micro-sized Ni cantilever beams was studied by electrochemical noise and a newly developed fatigue testing method. The results show that the micro-sized specimens exhibit general corrosion behavior under the studied corrosion condition, whereas the ordinary-sized plates exhibit the localized corrosion behavior. The critical load amplitude of the micro-sized Ni specimens under corrosion fatigue status was determined to be 15 mN. The maximum bending loads, which were measured by fatigue tests, decrease gradually prior to final fracture. Corrosion fracture first occurs in the range of notch with a higher tensile bending stress, and exhibits clear evidence of trans-columnar fracture. The variation of maximum bending loads with time agrees with that creep deformation of the micro-sized Ni specimens can easily occur at room temperature, which implies that the micro-sized Ni specimens appear to have an improved resistance towards total crack as compared with the ordinary-sized Ni specimens.