The MMST computer-integrated manufacturing system framework

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the harmonious connection, integration, and interoperation of automation equipment within a manufacturing facility. In a semiconductor wafer fab, this includes integration of the processing equipment with all of the supporting systems for product and process specification, production planning and scheduling, and material handling and tracking. Traditionally, CIM systems have been characterized as monolithic mainframe-based systems and/or inflexible islands of automation with limited interoperability. Today's manufacturing demands fully integrated dynamic systems which directly support the concepts of lean, flexible and agile manufacturing to high quality standards. These requirements drove the design of a new CIM system which was developed for the Microelectronics Manufacturing Science and Technology (MMST) program. This paper provides an overview of the MMST CIM system framework which is based on open distributed system and object technologies. The CIM system was demonstrated in a 1000 wafer pilot production run in 1993 which achieved world record cycle time, and is now being commercialized as part of the WORKS product family from Texas Instruments     

MMST manufacturing technology-hardware, sensors, and processes

This paper describes the equipment and processes utilized in the Microelectronics Manufacturing Science and Technology (MMST) program. The processes were carried out in a combination of testbeds (AVP, the TI designed and built Advanced Vacuum Processor) and commercial equipment, all in the single-wafer mode. All AVP processing was performed with the wafers in an inverted, face-down, configuration. All the processing equipment was connected to a Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) system, which both collected the designated data and communicated the process parameters from the CIM database to the particular processing unit. Where available, in situ sensors were utilized for monitoring the process parameters, with measurements made on a metrology die in the center of the wafer. Many of these processes were controlled by the model-based process control algorithms in the CIM system. Otherwise, the processes were controlled by standard statistical process control (SPC) methods. This paper emphasizes the processing methodology that was developed and followed in order to operate in this CIM environment and successfully execute an approximately 150 step 0.35 μm CMOS process in less than 72 hours     

基于VxWorks的视频采集系统的设计与实现

利用Fusion878A在Intel x86平台和实时操作系统VxWorks上实现了视频采集。Fusion878A高度集成的特性使其外围电路极其简单，VxWorks优异的性能和方便的接口便于编写设备驱动程序和应用软件。     

Communications for manufacturing: an overview

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is introduced, and the communications needed to support CIM applications described. The GMT400 project, a CIM experiment which is intended to investigate the applicability of MAP (manufacturing automation protocol) technology in automotive manufacturing, is presented. Several other development projects in the CIM area are identified. Research and development issues in CIM are summarized     

Document-driven management of knowledge and technology transfer:Denmark's CIM/GEMS project in computer-integrated manufacturing

The documentation effort undertaken by the Danish CIM/GEMS (computer-integrated manufacturing: general methods for specific solutions) project to drive, direct, and support its CIM-technology development and transfer activities is described. The project recognized that in the phases of CIM development-from planning through maintenance-the primary deliverable is not the CIM system itself, but the documentation used to describe, specify, justify, and support its development and use. As a result, the project organized itself so that it would transfer to its industry participants the information needed to build CIM systems, and not CIM technology alone. Because this information best resides in well-written and complete documentation, the CIM/GEMS project adopted a management-by-document approach, treating documentation activities as part of system development and assigning professional personnel to the task. As an archive of CIM-system development, the documents captured the project's in-progress work and the knowledge of developers who performed that work. As a deliverable, the documents were the principal means for carrying CIM knowledge and experience off-site     

基于描述逻辑的CIM模型

分析了CIM模型在自主计算中的研究现状和存在的问题,在GLanfranchi和ACali的基础上提出了一种具有演化功能的CIM模型。针对CIM模型的特点和需求,提出了一种基于描述逻辑DLRifd的CIM模型,即给出了将CIM模型转化为描述逻辑DLRifd知识库的方法,证明了该转化方法的正确性。以及给出了自动判断CIM模型一致性、冗余性、包含关系的方法,也证明了这些判断方法的正确性。     

An interpretive overview of the United States magnetic fusion program

The scientific and technological base for the production of fusion energy from a magnetically confined plasma has developed rapidly in the last ten years. Theoretical understanding of plasma phenomena based on sophisticated experiments analyzed by modern diagnostic instruments and powerful computers has led to an improved predictive capability. Historically independent magnetic confinement concepts have been found to be related and mutually supportive variations of basic scientific themes. Fusion reactor level plasma parameters have been achieved and present scaling laws appear to assure the demonstration of scientific feasibility by the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor device. The focus of the scientific program has begun to change from establishing scientific feasibility to finding the optimum magnetic confinement system. The individual technologies required for a magnetically confined fusion reactor have been found to be overwhelmingly generic. Individual test stands are under construction and the next ten years will be devoted to the further development and integration of this technology for application to the optimum confinement concept. There is general agreement on the goals and strategy of the program in scientific and Government circles and the goal of establishing the engineering, as well as the scientific, feasibility of fusion within this century appears to be achievable.     

公共信息模型在LDAP目录中的映射设计

分布管理任务组(Distributed Management Task Force,DMTF)提出的公共信息模型(Common Information Model,CIM)是提高网络管理互操作的基础.介绍了CIM和轻量级目录访问协议(LDAP)的相关概念和发展现状,对CIM到LDAP的存储映射机制进行了阐述和分析.最后,给出了一个策略规则与系统关联的映射设计方案.     

基于CIM智慧城市的规划

文章对基于CIM智慧城市的规划领域进行研究,指出目前CIM仍停留在BIM和GIS阶段。通过对CIM应用场景的调研,阐述在基于CIM的智慧城市业态下,如何能够更好的开展“智慧城市”规划,以提升城市规划水平。文章指出,把智能化手段融入到传统城市规划的过程中,应把CIM相关内容(BIM、GIS和IOT)与AI、大数据和云计算等技术相结合,在多场景下对规划方案优选,实现规划精准、要素全面、场景真实的规划效果。还提出CIM不仅应用在智慧城市的规划建筑行业,还覆盖政务服务、城市治理、公共服务、产业经济等多个智慧城市的其他领域,通过基于CIM的智慧城市相关规划手段,可加快智慧城市向前演进的速度。     

Document-driven management of knowledge and technology transfer:Denmark's CIM/GEMS project in computer-integrated manufacturing. II

For pt.I see ibid., vol.32, no.2, p.83-93 (1991). The authors explore the two-year Danish CIM/GEMS project in computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) at the Technical University of Denmark to show how writing is an act of technology and knowledge representation, a vehicle of their transfer to a user community, and, if successful, an accommodation of technology to its users. They address creators and users of system documentation who need documentation for CIM implementation. The authors argue that documentation is often better for representing and explaining a CIM system than the actual system itself, and they recommend that documentation production be viewed not as a separate, end-of-project activity but as an integrated part of technical development. Planned and regular documentation production can in fact be a stimulus and aid to technical development, possibly even shortening the project life cycle     

Lending Triarylphosphine Oxide to Phenanthroline: a Facile Approach to High‐Performance Organic Small‐Molecule Cathode Interfacial Material for Organic Photovoltaics utilizing Air‐Stable Cathodes

Cathode interfacial material (CIM) is critical to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of an organic photovoltaic cell that utilizes a high work function cathode. In this contribution, a novel CIM is reported through an effective and yet simple combination of triarylphosphine oxide with a 1,10‐phenanthrolinyl unit. The resulting CIM possesses easy synthesis and purification, a high T _g of 116 °C and attractive electron‐transport properties. The characterization of photovoltaic devices involving Ag or Al cathodes shows that this thermally deposited interlayer can considerably improve the PCE, due largely to a simultaneous increase in V _oc and FF relative to the reference devices without a CIM. Notably, a PCE of 7.51% is obtained for the CIM/Ag device utilizing the active layer PTB7:PC₇₁BM, which far exceeds that of the reference Ag device and compares well to that of the Ca/Al device. The PCE is further increased to 8.56% for the CIM/Al device (with J _sc = 16.81 mA cm^?2, V _oc = 0.75 V, FF = 0.68). Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy studies reveal that this promising CIM can significantly lower the work function of the Ag metal as well as ITO and HOPG, and facilitate electron extraction in OPV devices.     

TMS320C6678 DSP的电源设计

针对TI公司最新发布的TMS320C6678 DSP设计出一种实用有效的电源。采用统一的12 V电源供电,制作出满足电压幅值要求与时序要求的开关电源。该设计主要由各类电源转换电路组成,并通过使用Fusion Digital PowerDesigner软件对电源芯片进行编程。仿真结果表明,该电源工作稳定,各方面的参数均符合要求。     

Integration wirtschaftlicher und technischer Komponenten in CIM-Systemen

Today many enterprises are forced to produce products which fulfill individual customer requirements. This situation results in an exploding number of variant parts of a product again resulting in a huge number of product data. To meet these new requirements, many enterprises introduce powerful CIM systems. Normally, this leads to heterogeneous EDP concepts which are characterized by autonomous CIM components, each with its own database. This paper illustrates how rule-based management of product data on the one hand significantly reduces the amount of product data and how rule-based management of product on the other hand allows to automate data exchange between several CIM components. One important consequence of this approach is that the integration of business-oriented and technical components within a CIM system is significantly improved.     

MAP/TOP in CIM distributed computing

The distributed computing communication needs of computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) are discussed. The capabilities of MAP/TOP (manufacturing automation protocol/technical and office protocol) as a communications architecture are examined. An example of how MAP/TOP operates in a hypothetical CIM enterprise is presented     

基于CIM的安全预警系统建模

随着信息安全问题受到越来越多的关注,安全管理工具也得到广泛应用。公共信息模型（CIM）目前仍是一个较新的发展领域,近年来越来越多地被应用到各项管理平台。针对信息安全管理的现状和需求,论文提出了一种基于CIM的安全预警系统的构思和建模：利用CIM对系统状态、攻击策略等对象进行建模,从关联关系和状态变化事件中发现安全隐患,从而实现对潜在的安全威胁的预警。     

基于静态随机存取存储器的存内计算研究进展

随着“算力时代”到来,大规模数据需要在存储器和处理器之间往返,然而传统冯·诺依曼架构中计算与存储分离,无法满足频繁访问的需求。存内计算(CIM)技术的诞生突破了冯·诺依曼瓶颈,打破了传统计算架构中的“存储墙”,因此对于“算力时代”具有革命性意义。由于静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)读取数据的速度快且与先进逻辑工艺具有较好的兼容性,因此基于SRAM的存内计算技术受到国内外学者的关注。该文主要概述了基于SRAM的存内计算技术在机器学习、编码、加解密算法等方面的应用;回顾了实现运算功能的各种电路结构,比较了各类以模数转换器(ADC)为核心的量化技术;之后分析了现有存内计算架构面临的挑战并且给出了现有的解决策略,最后从不同方面展望存内计算技术。     

Networking for computer-integrated manufacturing

The concept of a CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) networking architecture for integration of factory and office communications is introduced. Some potential problems in CIM networking and approaches for their solution are elucidated. A simulation methodology is presented for evaluating the performance of integrated networks with different protocols and architectures and under diverse operating conditions     

CIM智算平台规划设计研究与实践

新一代信息技术与实体经济的加速融合将在CIM平台及其关联的应用体系中找到坚实落脚点。以尊重社会组成单元(个人、企业、政府机构等)需求为特点的科技创新正成为驱动城市发展的原始驱动力,知识驱动型社会正在加速形成,以人为本的新型城镇化正被加速推进,CIM为智慧社会的构建形成提供了城市载体。     

Composite importance measures for multi-state systems with multi-state components

This paper presents & evaluates composite importance measures (CIM) for multi-state systems with multi-state components (MSMC). Importance measures are important tools to evaluate & rank the impact of individual components within a system. For multi-state systems, previously developed measures do not meet all user needs. The major focus of the study is to distinguish between two types of importance measures which can be used for evaluating the criticality of components in MSMC with respect to multi-state system reliability. This paper presents Type 1 importance measures that are involved in measuring how a specific component affects multi-state system reliability. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methodology for estimating the reliability of a MSMC is used for computing the proposed CIM metrics. Previous approaches (Type 2) have focused on investigating how a particular component state or set of states affects multi-state system reliability. For some systems, it is not clear how to prioritize system component importance, collectively considering all of its states, using the previously developed importance measures. That detracts from those measures. Experimental results show that the proposed CIM can be used as an effective tool to assess component criticality for MSMC. Examples are used to illustrate & compare the proposed CIM with previous multi-state importance measures.