高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金均匀化过程中显微结构演变研究（英文）

对一种高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金进行均匀化处理,通过光学显微镜(OM)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究合金的显微结构演变。使用扩散动力学模型推导均匀化动力学方程,用于确认最佳均匀化参数。结果表明:合金的铸态组织中存在严重偏析,非平衡共晶结构包含α(Al)、Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)_2、S(Al_2CuMg)、θ(Al_2Cu)和富Fe相。当前研究表明均匀化过程中没有发生Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)_2相向S(Al_2CuMg)相的转变,Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)_2相直接回溶。随着均匀化的进行,θ(Al_2Cu)相溶入基体。均匀化后富Fe相仍残留,但随着保温时间的延长,富Fe相中的Zn、Mg元素逐渐减少或消失。最佳均匀化参数为440℃/12 h+468℃/24 h,这与均匀化动力学的分析相一致。     

Al-Cu-Li合金均匀化处理参数优化和微观组织演化

摘 要：对Al-Cu-Li铸态合金进行单级和双级均匀化处理,通过光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）、X衍射（XRD）和差热分析（DSC）研究合金元素分布和微观组织演化,结果表明：Al-Cu-Li合金铸态组织存在严重枝晶偏析,由晶内到晶界Cu元素分布十分不均匀,Mg、Zn、Mn和Ag变化不明显。晶界处存在大量的非平衡共晶相,主要包括Al2Cu、含有少量Mg元素的Al2Cu相,以及Al2CuMg相。经双级均匀化（495℃×24h 515℃×24h）处理后,大部分非平衡共晶相和部分第二相（Al2CuMg和Al2CuLi）溶解到合金基体,但仍有部分富-Fe和富-Mn相残留在晶界不能回溶。Al2CuMg相的熔点低于Al2Cu相,两者分别在495℃和515℃先后溶解。通过均匀化动力学分析,确定Al-Cu-Li铝锂合金最佳的均匀化制度为495℃×24h 515℃×24h,该双级均匀化制度与动力学分析结果一致。     

Ho添加对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金均匀化热处理过程中微观组织和性能演变的影响

通过SEM、OM和DSC,研究添加Ho的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金均匀化热处理制度,测试不同均匀化热处理过程中合金的电导率和硬度变化。结果表明,铸态合金中存在4种第二相：T(AlZnMgCu),Al₇Cu₂Fe,Al₈Cu₄Ho 及S (Al₂CuMg),第二相导致合金元素分布存在严重微观偏析。合金在475 ℃均匀化热处理20 h后,T相完全回溶基体且未观察到S相,仅剩余Al₇Cu₂Fe和Al₈Cu₄Ho。硬度和电导率随T相的回溶而变化,T相的回溶使得合金硬度升高,电导率降低。同时,在475 ℃均匀化热处理5~20 h过程中,Al₃Ho相析出,这一现象引起硬度和电导率的升高。结合均匀化动力学分析,确定合金适宜的均匀化热处理制度为470~475 ℃/20~25 h。     

Al-(7.8~9.0)Zn-1.6Mg-(1.0~2.2)Cu合金铸态及其均匀化组织

采用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)及其附件能谱仪(EDX)研究Al-(7.8~9.0)Zn-1.6Mg-(1.0~2.2)Cu铝合金的铸态及其均匀化组织。结果表明:该铝合金的铸态凝固组织由α(Al)基体+Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2非平衡共晶相组成;铸态组织中粗大非平衡共晶组织的体积分数随着Zn含量的增加而增大,且伴随其周围析出的条状、细小Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2粒子也逐渐增多、粗化;当Cu含量(质量分数)为1.0%、1.4%、2.2%时,铸态组织晶内的独立第二相分别为T(Al2Zn3Mg3)相、S(Al2CuMg)相、T(Al2Zn3Mg3)相+θ(Al2Cu)相;各成分合金经过(470℃,24h)均匀化处理时,基体中仅剩下均匀化过程无法消除的尺寸较小、数量较少的初生富Fe相。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.12Ce合金铸锭的均匀化退火及组织演变

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、波谱分析(WDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等技术对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.12Ce合金铸态组织及均匀化退火过程中的组织演变进行研究。结果表明:该合金铸态组织存在严重的枝晶偏析,主要由α(Al)基体、α(Al)+Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)_2非平衡共晶组织以及少量的θ(Al_2Cu)相、Al_8Cu_4Ce相、Al_7Cu_2Fe相构成;均匀化退火过程中,大量层片状共晶组织溶入基体,同时转变生成Al_2Cu Mg相;合金的过烧温度为474.87℃;合金的最佳单级均匀化退火工艺为465℃、40 h,这与均匀化动力学方程测算结果接近;合金经(435℃,8 h)+(470℃,32 h)双级均匀化退火处理后,回溶效果更好,主要残留相为难溶的Al_2CuMg相,少量含Fe杂质相以及Al_8Cu_4Ce相。     

高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热力学计算(英文)

采用相图计算方法对高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金进行相分数以及凝固路径的热力学计算,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)方法对Al-9.2Zn-1.7Mg-2.3Cu合金进行组成相分析。结果表明,η(MgZn2)受Zn和Mg含量的影响,在Zn含量分别为9.6%,9.4%,8.8%的Al-xZn-1.7Mg-2.3Cu合金中η(MgZn2)含量分别为10%,9.8%,9.2%,同时通过计算得到了θ(Al2Cu)+η(MgZn2),S(Al2CuMg)+η(MgZn2)和θ(Al2Cu)+S(Al2CuMg)+η(MgZn2)相的Mg合金成分区间。Al-9.2Zn-1.7Mg-2.3Cu-Zr合金依次非平衡地析出Al3Zr、α(Al)、Al13Fe4、η(MgZn2)、α-AlFeSi、Al7Cu2Fe、θ(Al2Cu)、Al5Cu2Mg8Si6和β-AlFeSi。组织分析结果表明,合金主要由α(Al),η(MgZn2),θ(Al2Cu)和Al7Cu2Fe组成,计算结果可以预测合金中存在的主要析出相。     

均匀化处理对DC铸造7X50铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

采用SEM、TEM、EDS、DSC、XRD和拉伸实验研究铸态7X50合金及其均匀化处理过程的组织演变。结果表明,铸态7X50合金相组成主要有S(Al2CuMg)、T(Al2Mg3Zn3)、Mg Zn2和少量的Al7Cu2Fe和Al3Zr相。均匀化处理过程中枝晶网和残留相逐渐减少,经(470°C,24 h)+(482°C,12 h)均匀化处理时,T相消失,S相有微量残留,Al7Cu2Fe相几乎没有变化。铸态合金的DSC曲线中在477.8°C处有一较强吸热峰,经470°C、1 h均匀化后合金的DSC曲线在487.5°C处出现一个新的吸热峰,而经482°C、24 h均匀化处理后合金在487.5°C处的吸热峰基本消失。在XRD谱中未出现T(Al2Mg3Zn3)相,这和T相与S(Al2CuMg)及Mg Zn2相相关的结论相吻合。预均匀化处理制备的板材中再结晶晶粒分数明显降低,抗拉强度和断裂韧性相对常规均匀化处理制备的板材分别提高约15 MPa和3.3 MPa·m1/2。     

AlZn8Mg2Cu2合金50 mm热轧板固溶处理工艺研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、DSC曲线及焓值变化动力学曲线等方法,对AlZn8Mg2Cu2合金热轧板材进行分析,根据分析结果进行固溶处理工艺试验研究。结果表明:AlZn8Mg2Cu2合金热轧板材中含有S相(Al2CuMg)、难熔富Fe相(Al7Cu2Fe)、AlZnMgCu相;DSC分析显示,板材中存在475.66℃和482.94℃开始熔化的两种低熔点产物,对应的分别是AlZnMgCu相和Al2CuMg相;AlZn8Mg2Cu2合金50mm热轧板较适宜的固溶工艺参数为470℃3h,板材固溶处理并人工时效后,其综合性能满足标准要求。     

高纯Al-Cu-Mg合金铸态组织的研究

采用X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对一种高纯Al Cu Mg合金的铸态组织进行了观察及表征,并对铸态组织中的第二相进行了能谱分析.研究结果表明,合金的铸态组织中主要存在α Al、Al2CuMg(S)、Al2Cu(θ)以及Al7Cu2(Fe,Mn)相.根据Cu、Mg含量及其质量比对Al Cu Mg系合金相组成和力学性能的影响,对Al Cu Mg系合金的成分设计进行了讨论.     

7150铝合金铸态及均匀化退火组织研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及x射线衍射仪对7150铝合金的铸态组织及均匀化退火组织进行了观察及表征,并对组织中的金属间化合物进行了能谱分析.结果表明,7150合金的铸态组织中主要存在MgZn2(η)、a(Al)相以及少量的A12CuMg(S)、A12Mg3Zn3(T)、Mg2Si和A16(FeCu)相.其中MgZn2相固溶了Al、Cu,A12CuMg相中固溶了zn,而Al2Mg3zn3,相固溶了Cu.均匀化退火后发生了MgZn2(η)→Al2CuMg(S)的转变,且与铸态中存在的Al2CuMg相相比,均匀化退火组织中的Al2CuMg相中zn含量较少.同时均匀化退火并未对Al.(CuFe)相的形貌及成分产生影响.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.