超细/纳米结构WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的透射电镜表征与性能分析

利用真空原位还原碳化反应合成超细/纳米WC-Co复合粉末,通过添加一定量Cr获得WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末,经团聚造粒获得喷涂用复合粉末喂料,采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂系统制备出超细/纳米结构的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层。利用X射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对涂层的物相、显微组织结构、元素分布特征等进行了系统表征,并对涂层耐磨性、耐蚀性进行了测试分析。结果表明:基于原位反应合成WC-Co复合粉制备的超细/纳米结构WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有较好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。涂层以WC为主相,含有非晶结构的粘结相Co(Cr),同时存在少量六方晶体结构的W_2C相和非晶复相W_2C+Co(Cr)。对涂层中元素Co和Cr的分布进行了量化分析,得到其从WC晶粒到相界到共晶区再到Co区的变化规律。结合WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末和超音速火焰喷涂工艺的特点,阐释了Cr在WC-10Co-4Cr涂层分布状态的形成原因,并讨论了对涂层性能的影响。     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦腐蚀性能研究

目的研究不同喷涂距离下WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦腐蚀性能,探究其机理并优化工艺参数,以提高涂层性能。方法通过超音速火焰喷涂技术在304不锈钢基体上制备WC-10Co-4Cr防护涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究涂层的微观结构及相组成,采用维氏显微硬度计测量涂层的显微硬度。采用装配有电化学工作站的摩擦磨损测试仪,对浸没于3.5%NaCl盐溶液中的涂层进行摩擦腐蚀实验,测量涂层在静态及滑动条件下的磨损率、摩擦系数和极化曲线。结果喷涂距离提高时,涂层孔隙率降低,硬度提高,达到1100～1400 HV。在腐蚀介质中滑动摩擦时,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的磨损率较304不锈钢低2个数量级,磨损率为1.7×10~(-7)mm~3/(N·m),而304不锈钢的磨损率为2.6×10~(-5)mm~3/(N·m)。结论 WC-10Co-4Cr涂层良好的摩擦腐蚀性能归因于承受负载的WC相与产生钝化的金属粘结相之间的协同作用,其抵抗涂层受摩擦腐蚀破坏。     

表面喷涂对不锈钢零件耐磨性能的影响

在不锈钢表面采用超音速火焰喷涂了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,并对喷涂粉末和涂层的显微形貌、物相组成进行了表征,研究了基体与涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明,不锈钢表面涂层与基体以机械结合为主、冶金结合为辅,基体与涂层间过渡良好,未发现气孔或者微裂纹缺陷;原始喷涂粉末的物相组成为WC、Co和少量Co3W3C相,经过超音速火焰喷涂处理后,涂层的物相组成为WC、Co6W6C和W2C相;经过超音速火焰喷涂处理后,涂层的摩擦磨损性能明显优于不锈钢基体,这主要与致密的涂层硬度较高、抗摩擦磨损能力更强有关。     

等离子喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的组织演变与抗腐蚀磨损性能

为提高不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀耐磨损性能,利用等离子喷涂的方法制备了2种晶粒尺寸的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用SEM及EDS、XRD表征了涂层的组织和物相结构,进行了不同温度下的摩擦磨损试验,研究分析了晶粒尺寸对涂层组织与摩擦性能的影响。研究表明:WC-10Co-4Cr涂层微观结构中包含WC、W2C、W6Co6C,还存在Co/Cr(W,C)、W2(C,O)相;微米涂层中存在析出的W2C沿WC颗粒表面外延生长的包覆结构,而纳米WC涂层中,团聚粒子沿扁平粒子边界收缩,减少了扁平粒子内部的垂直贯穿裂纹。在室温和200℃时,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦系数与平均磨损率均优于微米涂层。纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在室温磨损的机制为硬质颗粒诱发的犁削磨损,在200℃时为以粘着磨损为主与微域犁削相结合的磨损形式。在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学特性显示,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层将1Cr18Ni9Ti基体的腐蚀电位由–612m V提高到–317～–252 mV,腐蚀倾向得以减弱。     

WC颗粒对WC-10Co-4Cr涂层结构演变与性能的影响

为提高不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀耐磨损性能,利用等离子喷涂的方法制备了两种晶粒尺寸的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用SEM、XRD表征了涂层的物相结构,在不同温度下进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究分析了晶粒对涂层微观结构与摩擦性能的影响。研究表明：相比较,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层微观结构中包含WC、W₂C,还存在Co/Cr(W, C)的γ相,未发现微米涂层中析出的W2C将沿WC颗粒表面外延生长的包覆结构,而且纳米团聚粒子更容易沿扁平粒子边界收缩,明显减少了粒子内部的垂直贯穿裂纹。在室温和200℃时,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层摩擦系数与平均磨损率均优于微米涂层。与微米涂层相比较,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在室温磨损的根源在于硬质颗粒诱发的犁削磨损,在200℃时为以粘着磨损为主的微域犁削相结合的磨损模式。并在3.5%NaCl溶液中将1Cr18Ni9Ti基体的腐蚀电位由-617mV提高到-335~-290mV,降低了腐蚀倾向。     

高焓等离子喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观组织及其拉伸断裂机理

利用SQC-100高焓等离子喷涂系统在0Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢基体表面制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层;通过金相测试、摩擦磨损试验、拉伸试验,分别评价了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度、耐磨损性能、结合强度;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别观察和分析了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观形貌和成分。结果表明:WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率为0.77%,硬度为1 210HV,耐磨性是基体的143倍,涂层与基体保持着良好的结合,结合强度达到72 MPa;WC-10Co-4Cr涂层结构致密,主要由WC相及少量W2C相组成;WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的断裂主要表现为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂;提高粒子速率和温度可有效提高WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的结合强度。     

WC粒度对WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末特性及其涂层性能的影响

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了微米结构、亚微米结构、纳米结构以及多尺度结构的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,研究了WC粒度对WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末表面和内部结构及其涂层的孔隙率、硬度分布和断裂韧性的影响规律.结果表明:采用团聚烧结法制备的热喷涂粉末球形度较高,表面呈疏松多孔状,主要物相为WC、Co和Co3W3C;利用...     

AC-HVAF制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层抗磨粒磨损性能研究

采用活性燃烧高速燃气(AC-HVAF)喷涂工艺制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、气孔率以及抗磨粒磨损性能。并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:在喷涂过程中,仅有很少量的WC发生合金化。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度高,组织结构致密。在相同的实验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损质量损失是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的266倍,这表明HVAF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

在H13钢上超音速火焰喷涂制备WC-10Co-4Cr和Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层的性能比较（英文）

在H13钢基体上采用超音速火焰喷涂方式制备一定厚度的WC-10Co-4Cr和Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层。为了增加WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的热稳定性,在涂层和基体之间加喷了NiCr喷涂粉末。研究了这两种硬质合金涂层的表面及横截面的微观形貌、抗热震性和耐磨损性能。从热力学的角度解释了两种涂层中出现的碳扩散现象。Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层的结合强度(64.40 MPa)和WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的结合强度(61.69 MPa)基本相同。通过摩擦磨损试验研究发现,两种涂层在600℃的摩擦因数均比在500℃时的小,Cr_3C_2-25NiCr的耐磨损性能比WC-10Co-4Cr的要好。     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的耐滑动磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备微米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层,分别采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和滑动磨损设备分析涂层的微观结构和滑动磨损行为。结果表明:采用液体煤油燃料HVOF喷涂的微米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层的脱碳程度较低,涂层中仅出现WC和W2C相,而无η相(Co3W3C、Co6W6C)以及软相W。涂层微观结构致密,孔隙率约为1%,平均显微硬度为1 322HV0.3;在相同试验条件下,WC-10Co4Cr涂层的摩擦因数(约0.8)高于不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)的摩擦因数(约0.5),其滑动体积损失量仅为不锈钢涂层的1/146,具有优异的抗滑动磨损性能。涂层在滑动磨损过程中首先是粘结相的脱落,然后是WC颗粒的磨损。     

等离子熔覆Fe基/WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的组织与性能研究

目的 制备高强度和高硬度的耐磨性涂层,用于已磨损的机械零件表面,以延长其使用寿命,避免机器因磨损而带来的各种故障。方法 采用等离子熔覆技术在40CrMnMo表面制备WC-10Co-4Cr/Fe300合金复合熔覆层,研究不同质量分数WC-10Co-4Cr对熔覆层组织和性能的影响。利用金相显微镜、超景深光学显微镜、SEM、EDS、XRD对熔覆层的组织形貌进行表征和物相分析,借助数显显微硬度计和销盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性。结果 WC-10Co-4Cr/Fe300合金作为一种复合材料,与基材形成了冶金结合,结合区域无孔洞和裂纹。熔覆层微观结构随着WC-10Co-4Cr含量的增加,逐渐由柱状晶向树枝晶过渡,它主要由Fe₆W₆C、(Cr、Fe)₂₃C₆和WC相组成。熔覆层的平均硬度大致随着WC-10Co-4Cr含量的增加而提高,当WC-10Co-4Cr的质量分数达到20%时,熔覆层的硬度最高(518.5HV0.2),大约是基体硬度的1.7倍。熔覆层的主要摩擦机理为磨粒磨损,随着WC-10Co-...     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co、WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层在不同介质中摩擦行为研究

为了研究硬面涂层在不同介质中的摩擦行为，以WC-12Co、WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-25NiCr硬面材料为原料，采用超音速火焰喷涂制备得到了三种不同成分的硬面涂层。通过显微硬度计、摩擦磨损仪和扫描电镜等对涂层性能分析，结果表明，涂层中的孔隙率和粘结相的含量密切相关，当粘结相含量为12wt.%（Co）时，其孔隙度为1.11%；粘结相含量为14wt.%（CoCr）时，其孔隙度为0.98%；粘结相含量为25wt.%（NiCr）时，其孔隙度降低为0.92%。空气中，WC-10Co4Cr的硬度最高，其摩擦系数最小；Cr3C2-25NiCr的硬度最小，其摩擦系数最大。1mol/L HCl的环境中，NiCr的耐腐蚀性能最好，使Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层的摩擦系数稳定；而纯Co和CoCr的耐腐蚀性能较差，使WC-10Co4Cr和WC-12Co涂层的摩擦系数呈现出波浪状的变化规律。1mol/L NaOH的环境的摩擦过程中，硬质相的腐蚀会使涂层表面的硬度下降，使摩擦系数增加。     

Slurry Erosion Behavior of F6NM Stainless Steel and High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel-Sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr Coating

WC-10Co-4Cr coating was applied to the surface of F6NM stainless steel by high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying. The slurry erosion behavior of the matrix and coating was examined at different rotational speeds using a self-made machine. This experiment effectively simulates real slurry erosion in an environment with high silt load. At low velocity (<6 m/s), the main failure mechanism was cavitation. Small bubbles acted as an air cushion, obstructing direct contact between sand and the matrix surface. However, at velocity above 9 m/s, abrasive wear was the dominant failure mechanism. The results indicate that WC-10Co-4Cr coating significantly improved the slurry resistance at higher velocity, because it created a thin and dense WC coating on the surface.     

Microstructure and high-temperature friction and wear behavior of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying

WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating was prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF). The microstructure and phase composition of the as-sprayed coating and that after oxidation at high temperature were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The oxidation behavior of as-sprayed coating and starting powders was evaluated by thermogravimetry. Dry sliding friction and wear behavior of the WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating sliding against Si₃N₄ ball at different temperatures (room temperature 20 °C and elevated temperature of 700 °C and 800 °C) was evaluated using an oscillating friction and wear tester. Besides, the microhardness and fracture toughness of the coating was also measured. Results show that sintering agglomerated WC-20 wt.%Cr-7 wt.%Ni powder is an effective method to prepare agglomerated and sintered WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni composite powder. The excellent oxidation resistance of WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating is mainly resulted from a double-decker shell-core microstructure formed in the coating. The composition of the outer shell is (W,Cr)₂C phase and that of the inner shell is Cr₃C₂. During high-temperature friction and wear test, well remained hard WC phase in the WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating can guarantee its good mechanical properties and wear resistance, and newly generated nano NiWO₄, CrWO₄ and Cr₂WO₆ particles can further improve these properties significantly.     

20Cr2Ni4A钢表面WC增强铁基涂层耐磨性能的研究

目的 制备优异的耐磨性涂层用于机械零部件表面,可有效地提高其使用寿命,减少机械设备因磨损失效而带来的各类故障.方法 以20Cr2Ni4A合金钢为基体材料,利用激光熔覆技术,制备了铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、HV-1000显微维氏硬度计,分别对铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层的相组成、组织形貌、显微硬度进行表征.利用HRS-2M型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机对铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层的磨损性能进行研究,并分析其磨损机理.结果 两种涂层的显微硬度与基体相比改善较大,其中铁基/WC复合涂层改善最为明显,表面平均硬度值为610HV.以直径为6 mm的GCr15对磨球为摩擦副,铁基涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.53左右,磨损量为0.1432 mm3,而铁基/WC复合涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.36左右,磨损量为0.05935 mm3,与铁基涂层相比,20Cr2Ni4A合金钢表面结合铁基/WC复合涂层的硬度提高了17％左右,磨损量减小了58.6％,具有良好的耐磨损性能.结论 铁基/WC复合涂层因其表面存在W2C、WC、Fe3C等物相,能够均匀分布在铁基涂层上作为耐磨骨架,显著提高了涂层的硬度和耐磨性能.     

超音速火焰喷涂金属陶瓷涂层与电镀硬铬在盐雾气氛下的腐蚀-磨损机制研究

航空和海洋工程的关键部件在遭受磨损的同时受到海洋苛刻气氛的腐蚀破坏,而采用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）金属陶瓷涂层已成为一种新兴防护技术。为考察碳化物类金属陶瓷涂层的在海洋气氛下的抗腐蚀与抗磨损性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-NiCr两种典型的金属陶瓷涂层,采用自制的盐雾喷射腐蚀-磨损装置,研究涂层的腐蚀-磨损行为,同时与传统的硬铬镀层作对比,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDAX)等表征试样的腐蚀磨损形貌特征。结果显示,在干燥大气环境下铬镀层主要表现为黏着-磨损机制,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层同时表现出黏着-磨损与磨粒-磨损机制,而WC-10Co4Cr则表现为单纯的磨粒-磨损。施加盐雾气氛后,试样表面形成有液态膜,摩擦系数与磨损量均有所下降。盐雾气氛下增大摩擦副的载荷压力,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的磨损量增加很快,而WC-10Co4Cr涂层的磨损机制发生转变,磨损量出现不增反降现象。     

Corrosion behavior of thermal-sprayed WC cermet coatings in SO4 2− environment

A series of the electrochemical and long-term corrosion tests was carried out in a 3.5 wt% Na2SO4 solution on thermal-sprayed WC-17Co and WC-10Co-4Cr cermet coatings in order to examine the effect of composition of binder materials on the corrosion behavior. The results reveal that the overall corrosion resistance of the WC-17Co coating is inferior to that of the WC–Co–Cr coatings due to the corrosion of binder materials which induce WC particles to fall off. CoO and WO3 oxide films form on the surface of WC-17Co coating in Na2SO4 solution electrochemical corrosion process, which will protect the coating in the process of corrosion. Cr2O3 oxide film formed on the WC-10Co-4Cr coating surface has a strong hindered role to corrosion. The corrosion mechanism of WC-17Co coating in Na2SO4 solution is entire corrosion of Co matrix, while it is film-hole corrosion mechanism for WC-10Co-4Cr coating.     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance Evolution of HVOFSprayed WC-（W,Cr）2C-Ni Coating with Post Heat Treatment In Air Atmosphere

WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was prepared on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and C-276 Ni-base Hastelloy by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.The effect of post heat treatment in air atmosphere on the microstructure,phase composition,microhardness,fracture toughness,and wear resistance of HVOF-sprayed WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was investigated.The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The microhardness and fracture toughness of the coatings were measured using a microhardness tester and a Vickers hardness tester.Moreover,dry friction and wear behavior of the coatings sliding against Si3N4 ball was investigated using an oscillating friction and wear tester;and the worn surfaces of the coatings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was found that heat treatment within 500-800°C resulted in crystallization of amorphous phase in as-sprayed coating,generating nanoscale new phases such as NiWO4,CrWO4 and Cr2WO6.Besides,heat treatment led to increase of the microhardness of as-sprayed coating,and the highest microhardness was obtained after heat treatment at 800°C.The fracture toughness and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coating increased with increasing heat treatment temperature up to 700°C but tended to decrease with further elevating temperature.In other words,the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coatings were worsened owing to excessive growth of oxidation grains and depletion of ductile Ni binder after heat treatment above 700°C.Thus it was suggested that as-sprayed ceramic composite coating should be post heat treated in air at a moderate temperature of 700°C so as to achieve the optimized mechanical properties and wear resistance.