铁口布局对梅钢3号高炉边缘气流的影响

通过分析铁口布局对梅钢3号高炉边缘煤气流对炉况、炉身、炉顶等的影响,提出了减少边缘煤气流影响高炉的措施,保证了高炉长期稳定生产.     

大型高炉煤气流分布的研究

在鞍钢七号高炉(2580m~3)炉身上设置三层取样装置,研究了高炉内煤气流分布,进一步证实了煤气流的三次分布。应用测定的温度分布及矿石软熔性能,计算得出研究期间软熔带呈“W”形,分析了影响煤气流分布的主要因素,提出了改善煤气能量利用的途径。     

高炉中心加焦制度下煤气流速度与压力场模拟

不同的布料制度决定炉料的分布状态与不同部位炉料孔隙度的大小,进而影响煤气流在炉内的速度与压力分布,而煤气流的分布直接影响高炉顺行、煤气流利用率与料柱透气性的优劣.为促进煤气流合理分布,进一步探索高炉在中心加焦条件下炉内不同部位的煤气流速与压力变化规律,借助数值模拟方法,建立二维高炉煤气流流动物理模型,基于多孔介质算法并...     

氧气高炉炉身喷吹煤气在炉内的分布

通过二维冷态物理模型对氧气高炉炉身喷吹煤气在炉内分布进行了实验研究,分别研究了炉身煤气总量、辅助风口直径以及炉身喷吹煤气量与炉身煤气总量之比对炉身喷吹煤气在炉内分布的影响.结果表明,炉身喷吹煤气量与炉身煤气总量之比对炉身喷吹煤气在炉身分布起决定性作用,而炉身煤气总量和辅助风口直径的影响较小.同时,在炉身煤气上升过程中涡流扩散效应的影响也较小.通过对根据实验数据绘制的炉身等浓度分布图进行研究发现,炉身煤气分布主要分为两个不同的区域,一个是炉身喷吹煤气主流区,另一个是从高炉下部产生的上升煤气主流区.在炉身等浓度分布图的基础上通过回归分析的方法推导出炉身喷吹水平喷吹煤气的渗透公式.此外,辅助风口被安装在炉身下部有利于铁矿石在炉身的间接还原.      

炉腹角和炉身角对高炉煤气流分布的影响

维持合理的煤气流分布是高炉高效、低耗、稳定运行的关键。高炉气流分布不仅与原燃料质量、操作制度有关,还取决于炉型设计等先天因素,合理的炉型设计是获得合理气流分布的基础。基于传热学和流体力学基本原理,建立了高炉传热和煤气流流动数学模型,利用试验获得了模型的相关参数,通过数值模拟方法研究了炉腹角、炉身角以及等效炉腹角对高炉气流分布的影响。结果表明,减小炉腹角、增大炉身角有利于抑制边缘气流发展。调整等效炉腹角同样可以达到控制边缘气流的目的,但与改变炉腹角相比,其作用强度和作用范围更大,且最大影响区域也不相同。     

高炉料面结构对煤气流分布影响的模拟

高炉上部操作引起的料面形状变化会直接影响炉内煤气流的分布,而煤气流的分布也会直接影响炉内煤气利用率及高炉顺行.为研究高炉不同料面形状对炉内煤气分布的影响规律,建立三维高炉数学模型,对不同形状的料层分布情况进行了计算.结果表明：“V”形料面和“平台+漏斗”形料面都是发展中心气流的料面结构;在“V”形料面下,随着料面倾角的增大,高炉炉顶中心的煤气流速也增大;与“V”形料面相比,“平台+漏斗”形料面的高炉中心煤气流速减小,而边缘煤气流速增大,整体上煤气流分布更加均匀.     

不同料柱模式下高炉内煤气流分布的模拟

高炉炼铁广泛使用高铝炉料，冶炼过程中需要控制渣成分以满足炼铁需求，这会导致渣比增加和软熔带位置改变，进而影响高炉煤气流的分布。为此，基于Flunt数值模拟手段，研究了不同料柱模式下高炉内煤气流的分布情况。结果表明，不同料柱模式主要影响软熔带附近煤气流分布，对炉身上部煤气流分布情况影响较小。倒V形软熔带的料柱模式下，随着软熔带的高度升高、厚度增加，高炉内中心处11.1 m到13.0 m高度平均煤气流速由0.76 m/s减弱到0.69 m/s,边缘处8.6 m到11.1 m高度平均煤气流速增加了0.05 m/s。W形软熔带的料柱模式下软熔带下部的煤气流速高于倒V形软熔带料柱模式下的流速。研究结果可为指导高炉大渣量冶炼提供理论依据。     

高炉上部煤气流调剂影响研究

利用数值模拟对煤气流的流场及温度场进行了计算.根据高炉不同部位的煤气流速分布,分析得出炉料分布对中上部煤气流分布和软熔带形状有决定作用,而鼓风制度可快速改变下部煤气流分布,并结合实际高炉中的现象及操作讨论了炉料分布的重要性.结果表明:在高炉生产中,有一个合理的布料制度是高炉操作的关键,径向煤气流分布受炉料透气性分布影响很大,初始煤气流对其影响较小,下部煤气流分布信息很难在上部反应.     

高炉煤气流分布评价及影响因素

为研究高炉煤气流分布的变化情况及影响因素,针对兴澄特钢3200m~3高炉的煤气流参数进行分析,并从布料制度、送风制度和原燃料条件等方面,采用单值控制、标准差等方法对煤气流影响因素进行了研究。通过分析,得到了煤气流分布的波动变化规律及影响因素,提出了改善煤气流分布的措施和原燃料各指标值的合理波动范围。     

宝钢2号高炉稳定热负荷生产实践

阐述了造成宝钢2号高炉热负荷大幅波动的主要因素,如入炉原燃料、煤气流分布、炉温及出渣铁等。提出了稳定2号高炉热负荷的有效措施,如严格管理入炉原燃料、优化煤气流分布、稳定炉温及强化炉前作业,取得了一定成效。认为:2号高炉边沿气流对热负荷影响明显,边沿气流过分发展是造成炉体热负荷大幅波动的主要原因;W值控制在0.7~1.0有助于热负荷的长期稳定;选取适合当前炉身现状的煤比水平,能够保持热负荷长期稳定,有利于高炉长寿。     

韶钢3200 m3高炉煤气流控制的优化

分析了煤气流分布对高炉冶炼的影响,针对韶钢8号高炉煤气分布特点,2012年下半年从装料制度、送风制度、炉缸状况、原燃料等方面进行调整优化后,高炉煤气流得到了很好的控制,煤气流分布稳定合理,形成了稳定的平台漏斗料面结构,炉缸工作状态进一步得到改善.高炉煤气利用率由48％提高到49.5％以上,燃料比由520kg/t.Fe下降到500 kg/t.Fe,各项经济技术指标良好,高炉稳定顺行.     

Model of Radial Distributions in the Upper Part of the Blast Furnace Shaft

A mathematical model is developed to estimate the radial distribution of the ore‐to‐coke ratio in the blast furnace shaft on the basis of molar flow and energy balance equations. It utilizes the radial temperature distribution of the gas measured above the burden surface to estimate the thermal flow ratios in concentric rings of the shaft, and from this the ore‐to‐coke distribution under the assumptions that a thermal reserve zone of a given temperature exists in the furnace. The model, which also predicts the radial distribution of temperature and pressure in the shaft, has been evaluated on measurements from an industrial blast furnace and verified by comparing the results with temperatures from an in‐burden probe.     

高炉炉喉煤气流分在数学模型

应用人工神经网络方法中的误差逆传播模型（BP）建立了高炉炉喉煤气而分布数学模型。该数学模型在攀钢4高炉VAX机上在线运行，能连续推测炉喉煤气流分布，其命中率达到82％，有效地指导了高炉操作。     

2500m3高炉中部调剂的实践

介绍了中部调剂在承钢2 500 m3高炉中的应用实践,指出,通过调剂高炉中部区域的炉体冷却系统,配合装料制度的调整,可使高炉有适宜的热流强度,形成合理的操作炉型,进而促进煤气流的合理分布,有效防止炉墙结厚,维持适宜的渣皮厚度,防止冷却设备的破损,保持高炉的稳定顺行,并达到高炉长寿的目的。     

On-line model of gas distribution in the blast furnace

In this paper a model for on-line estimation of the radial gas distribution in blast furnaces is presented. The model is based on molar and energy flow balances for the blast furnace top, using the top gas temperature and gas temperature measurements from a fixed above-burden probe. The radial distribution of the gas flux in the upper shaft is estimated by means of a Kaiman filter. Using measurement data from a Finnish blast furnace, the method is illustrated to capture short-term dynamics and to detect sudden (larger) changes in the gas distribution.     

Numerical Evaluation of Blast Furnace Performance under Top Gas Recycling and Lower Temperature Operation

The new process of top gas recycling by hot reducing gas (HRG) injection has been developed in this study in order to overcome the disadvantageous problems under the lower temperature operation, to enhance the utilization of top gas carbon and to reduce carbon dioxide emission of blast furnaces. Numerical evaluation of blast furnace top gas recirculation together with lower‐temperature operation was performed by means of a multi‐fluid blast furnace model. The simulation results show that, (1) under the lower temperature operation, the shaft injection, or simultaneous shaft and tuyere injection of hot reducing gas is effective to increase the heat supply and to enrich the reduction atmosphere in the shaft zone, to improve the reduction of iron burdens, and enhance the efficiency of the shaft zone. (2) If top gas is recirculated by HRG on the basis of lower temperature operation, a highly efficient low‐carbon blast furnace is obtained. The productivity of the furnace shows a remarkable increase and the total reducing agent rate shows a considerable decrease. Furthermore, the top gas carbon utilization is enhanced and the carbon dioxide emission rate is lowered. (3) Generally, shaft efficiency, carbon emission and heat efficiency under simultaneous tuyere and shaft injection are comparatively better than in the other two methods of single injection.     

The relation between energy requirements for the flow,the flow distribution and the structure of the stack region of a blast furnace

Computation of two criteria of gas flow maldistribution and pressure drop for nine various structures of the stack region and three coke/agglomerate particle diameter ratios. Information helping to find optimum structure of the burden and the degree of the control effect on the operation of the blast furnace.     

Uniformity of Blast-Furnace Parameters over the Perimeter

Operational experience with the 5000-m³ blast furnace 9 at the Krivorozhstal plant shows that nonuniform blast distribution over the tuyeres results in very nonuniform distribution of the theoretical combustion temperature, the yield of blast-furnace gas, and the total energy of the blast flux and flux of blast-furnace gas over the hearth perimeter. That, in turn, significantly affects the smoothness of furnace operation, its productivity, the coke consumption, and the quality of the hot metal produced. The influence of 1% change in the variation coefficients of the input blast parameters on the productivity and coke consumption is taken into account. The results may be used in factorial analysis of periods of blast-furnace operation with different parameters. The nonuniform distribution of the blast flow rate over the tuyeres has the greatest influence on furnace performance. Therefore, it is necessary to find means of ensuring uniform distribution of blast at constant temperature over the tuyeres.     

布料模式对COREX预还原竖炉煤气流分布的影响

布料模式决定了炉料的空隙度,而炉料的空隙度分布决定了煤气流的第2次分布。采用三维竖炉数学模型,考察了单环布料情况下,挡位分别在竖炉炉顶直径的0.0、0.8、1.6、2.0、2.4、2.8 m时竖炉内煤气压差和煤气流的变化情况。结果表明：布料过程在料面上发生的炉料粒度偏析对煤气流分布的影响很大,料堆尖处煤气流速很低。随着布料档位外移,竖炉整体压差和围管压差呈现增加的趋势,而反窜煤气比例呈现先微弱降低后迅速增加的趋势,拐点出现在2.0 m布料档位。竖炉炉料布料方式对煤气流有再分配的作用,较为适宜的布料档位为1.6 m,不宜超过2.0 m。