溴化丁基橡胶特性及其应用

溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)是卤化丁基橡胶的一种,它既保持了丁基橡胶原有的特性,又增添了许多优异的性能,如硫化速度快,硫化方式多样等.本文主要论述了溴化丁基橡胶的结构与性能、硫化体系、生产现状及应用情况.在将溴化丁基橡胶与丁基橡胶(IIR)、氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)比较的基础上,阐述溴化丁基橡胶的优异特性及广阔的应用前景.     

溴化丁基橡胶的化学结构及溴化合成反应原理

介绍了丁基橡胶与卤化丁基橡胶的用途,阐述了溴化丁基橡胶的化学结构,讨论了丁基橡胶的溴化反应原理。     

影响溴化丁基橡胶灰分含量因素分析

灰分是橡胶的一个重要评价指标。通过对溴化丁基橡胶灰分剖析,溴化丁基橡胶灰分中主要含有钙、铝、溴、碳、氧等。通过对溴化丁基橡胶工艺的了解和分析,得出溴化丁基中助剂硬脂酸钙、溴和丁基聚合过程中的催化剂二氯乙基铝的残留物是溴化丁基橡胶灰分含量偏高的主要原因。因此,要控制溴化丁基橡胶灰分含量,应该从助剂硬脂酸钙、溴含量和丁基聚合后胶液洗涤的工艺条件着手。     

溶液法丁基橡胶溴化反应的影响因素

采用溶液法制备溴化丁基橡胶,通过对溴的用量、溴化时间、停留时间以及搅拌方式和速率对溴化丁基橡胶结构与性能影响的研究,使溴的利用率达到了最大化,实现了对未溴化丁基橡胶、仲位烯丙基溴及伯位烯丙基溴结构的有效控制,在丁基橡胶胶液的质量分数为15%、液溴与双键的摩尔比为0.90/1.00、搅拌采用高速(541 s~(-1))20 s+中速(169 s~(-1))10 s+低速(122 s~(-1))60 s的方式、溴化反应时间不超过1.5 min以及停留时间控制在1.5 min之内的条件下,合成出了未溴化丁基橡胶、仲位烯丙基溴和伯位烯丙基溴摩尔分数分别为不大于20%、不小于60%和不大于20%,含溴摩尔分数大于1.8%且门尼黏度不低于35的溴化丁基橡胶。     

溴化丁基橡胶技术获突破

溴化丁基橡胶是制造无内胎轮胎不可替代的原材料,也是医用橡胶制品的原料。由浙江大学科研人员自主研发的溴化丁基橡胶生产技术打破了美、德等国家的垄断,使无内胎轮胎所用溴化丁基橡胶得以国产化。溴化丁基橡胶工业化中试样品经橡胶行业国家级实验室检测,其各项主要技术指标与进口同类产品相当。     

溴化丁基橡胶的应用研究及市场分析

介绍了溴化丁基橡胶的基本特性,以及目前国内对溴化丁基橡胶的应用、性能的研究。分析了国内外卤化丁基橡胶的生产消费情况及发展前景。     

溴化丁基橡胶概述

介绍溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)的生产情况、溴化机理、制备方法及其应用情况,由于我国卤化丁基橡胶起步较晚,生产技术不是很完善。因此期望从溴化条件的优化、溴化剂的选择、助溶剂的选择、溴化废水的回收处理、溴化方式的转变这五个方面来改进BIIR的生产工艺,以达到提高我国BIIR的生产水平,提高丁基橡胶和溴化丁基橡胶的性价比,提高我国橡胶制品的质量,提高橡胶产品在国际上的竞争力的目的。     

NaOH浓度对丁基橡胶溴化的影响

使用溶液法制备了溴化丁基橡胶,探究了溴化过程中中和时NaOH的浓度对丁基橡胶溴化的影响,主要包括对溴含量、微观结构和力学性能的影响。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对溴化后的丁基橡胶进行了定性分析,观察了C=C双键特征峰的位置变化,同时还用1 H-NMR具体分析了溴化丁基橡胶中的溴含量和微观结构。结果表明,NaOH浓度对胶料中溴含量有一定影响,同时也对结构1与结构2所占比例也有特别明显的影响;NaOH浓度分别为5%和8%时,BIIR中的仲位烯丙基溴含量占总溴含量的62.1%。     

溴化丁基橡胶特性及其实际运用分析

溴化丁基橡胶,即BIIR,在现代生产领域中的应用呈现出性能高且硫化方式多样等优势,因而,在溴化丁基橡胶开发过程中应提高对此问题的重视程度,并注重在溴化丁基橡胶应用过程中结合其含量低,即仅维持在0.8%~2.5%的特点,对溴化丁基橡胶进行合理化应用,最终达到老化性能、阻隔性能、阻尼性能等提高的生产作业状态,提升整体产品生产质量。本文从溴化丁基橡胶特性分析入手,并详细阐述了其在各个领域中的应用。     

溴化丁基橡胶门尼黏度标准物质均匀性与稳定性评价

采用一级标准物质技术规范要求研制溴化丁基橡胶门尼黏度标准物质。按照极差法和拟合直线法检验和评价标准物质均匀性和稳定性。经过检验,溴化丁基橡胶门尼黏度标准物质均匀性极差法检验的统计量值A分别为1. 591、1. 500、1. 579、1. 765,在95%的置信水平时,研制的溴化丁基橡胶标准物质均匀;溴化丁基橡胶门尼黏度标准物质稳定性检验采用拟合直线法,12个月内溴化丁基橡胶门尼黏度标准物质稳定。因此,溴化丁基橡胶门尼黏度标准物质均匀性和稳定性检验评价结果满足标准物质研制的相关要求。     

OMMT/BIIR纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用熔体插层法制备有机蒙脱土(OMMT)/BIIR纳米复合材料.结果表明,OMMT/BIIR纳米复合材料是有序插层型纳米复合材料,在OMMT用量(0～15份)较小的情况下,其物理性能随着OMMT用量的增大明显提高;与BIIR胶料相比,其气密性优异.     

聚丙烯/溴化丁基橡胶合金的力学性能研究

采用动态硫化工艺,制备聚丙烯(PP)/溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)合金,研究了PP与BIIR的质量比、填充补强剂凹凸棒土(AT)和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯相容剂(PP-g-MAH)的用量对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,不加AT时,随着BIIR用量的增加,PP/BIIR的硬度减小,拉伸强度不断降低,断裂伸长率和冲击强度显著增大;当PP与BIIR的质量比为90∶10且AT的用量为5份时,PP/BIIR合金的性能最佳;PP-g-MAH的加入可以改善合金的力学性能。     

BIIR/OMMT纳米复合材料的阻透性能和耐寒性能

采用机械混炼法制备了溴化丁基橡胶/有机蒙脱土(BIIR/OMMT)纳米复合材料,采用SEM和XRD对其亚微观结构进行了表征,并对其耐寒性能和阻透性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:OMMT片层以剥离状态分散于BIIR基体中;添加OMMT之后,BIIR的交联密度明显提高;OMMT能够略微降低BIIR的耐寒性能;OMMT片层具有优异的阻透效应,能够明显提高BIIR的热稳定性能和耐油性能。     

白炭黑补强溴化丁基橡胶的性能及特点

研究了白炭黑补强溴化丁基橡胶（BIIR）的性能及特点。结果表明；与炭黑补强相比，白炭黑补强的BIIR表现出了良好的工艺性能、力学性能和热老化性能；硅烷偶联剂（Si69）用置对硫化胶的力学性能有很大的影响；同时还发现白炭黑补强BIIR的拉伸应力软化效应和应力松驰性能与炭黑补强BIIR有着明显的区别。     

粘土/SBR/BIIR纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)与粘土/SBR复合胶制备粘土/SBR/BIIR复合材料,并对其结构与性能进行研究.结果表明:粘土/SBR/BIIR并用胶为以BIIR为连续相、以SBR为分散相的海岛结构,并且粘土基本分散于SBR分散相中,所制备的复合材料为隔离型纳米复合材料;BIIR与SBR的相容性不好,热力学上基本不相容;...     

Study on calcium fluoride modified graphene/brominated butyl rubber nanocomposites

Graphene oxide (GO), NaF and CaCl₂ were mixed in their aqueous solutions to obtain a GO–CaF₂ hybrid with CaF₂ particles uniformly dispersed on GO surface, and further in situ reduced by hydrazine to obtain reduced-GO (RGO)-CaF₂ hybrid. RGO–CaF₂/brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) composites were obtained by solution mixing, in which RGO–CaF₂ was well dispersed in nano-sized as confirmed by transmission electron microscope images. The RGO–CaF₂/BIIR composites had much better mechanical properties than BIIR. The stress at 300% extension of BIIR increased 72% after the addition of 3 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr) RGO–CaF₂. The improved mechanical properties benefited from the strong interaction between RGO and BIIR. The dielectric constant of RGO–CaF₂/BIIR composites increased with increasing RGO–CaF₂ loading. Because of the synergistic effect of RGO and CaF₂, the stresses at various extensions, dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of RGO–CaF₂/BIIR composites were higher than those of RGO/BIIR or CaF₂/BIIR composites. The improved mechanical, dielectric and thermal properties bring BIIR the potential to be used in a wider range of application areas.     

生物质操作油SD03在药用溴化丁基橡胶瓶塞中的应用

研究生物质操作油SD03在药用溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)瓶塞中的应用,考察生物质操作油SD03用量对BIIR混炼胶硫化特性、硫化胶物理性能和瓶塞性能的影响。结果表明:随着生物质操作油SD03用量的增大,BIIR混炼胶的t90稍有延长;硫化胶的硬度降低,拉断伸长率明显增大;生物质操作油SD03与BIIR相容性良好,工艺性能改善,生产过程无明显气味;添加6份生物质操作油SD03的BIIR瓶塞性能满足YBB 00052005—2015要求,瓶塞无穿刺落屑。     

NR/BIIR并用胶高阻尼性能的研究

研究了BIIR用量对NR/BIIR并用胶硫化特性、力学性能以及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着BIIR用量的增大,NR/BIIR并用胶正硫化时间延长,交联程度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和回弹性均降低;增大BIIR用量,NR/BIIR并用胶损耗峰温度升高,在较宽温度范围内具有较大损耗和较高阻尼性能。     

Mechanical properties,thermal stability,gas permeability,and phase morphology in natural rubber/bromobutyl rubber blends

This work was performed to relate the morphological features and all important properties of the natural rubber (NR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) blends containing hybrid fillers. The BIIR content was varied from 0 to 100 wt%. It is found that tensile and tear strength, hardness as well as resilience of blends tend to decrease with increasing BIIR loading. Regarding the blend morphology, phase inversion is observed when BIIR loading is >50 wt % where BIIR becomes a continuous phase. This result coincides with the marked improvement of thermal stability of the blends determined using thermogravimetric analysis and heat ageing method. Interestingly, that, the gas permeability of blends markedly reduces with an increase in BIIR loading up to 40 wt % when the relatively large elongated particles of BIIR dispersed phase is formed. The results indicate that the relatively large connected structure of the dispersed BIIR can act effectively as a gas barrier. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Study on the microstructure and properties of bromobutyl rubber (BIIR)/polyamide‐12 (PA12) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs)

In this study, polyamide‐12 (PA12)/brominated isobutylene‐isoprene (BIIR) TPVs with good mechanical properties and low gas permeability were prepared by dynamic vulcanization in a twin‐screw extruder. The effects of three kinds of compatibilizers on the microstructure and properties of BIIR/PA12 TPV were studied. The compatibility between BIIR and PA12 was improved when maleated hydrocarbon polymeric compatibilizer is added. The reaction between maleic anhydride and amine in polyamide leads to the in situ formation of hydrocarbon polymer grafted polyamide which subsequently can be used to lower the interfacial tension between BIIR and polyamide. The compatibilizing effect of maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) on BIIR/PA12 blends is the best among these compatibilizers because the surface energy of PP‐g‐MAH is very close to that of BIIR. The dispersed rubber phase of the blend compatibilized by PP‐g‐MAH shows the smallest size and more uniform size distribution, and the resulting TPVs show the best mechanical properties. The effects of fillers on the properties of BIIR/PA12 TPV were also investigated. The size of the BIIR phase increases with the increase in the content of CaCO₃. The modulus and tensile strength of TPVs increased with the increase in the content of CaCO₃ because of the reinforcing effect of CaCO₃ on TPVs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43043.