基于归一化rgb彩色模型的运动阴影检测

提出了一种基于归一化rgb空间的运动阴影检测方法。首先推导了rgb彩色模型的光度测定不变性和它的相关重要性质；结合阴影区域在亮度和颜色上的特征,在rgb空间分割出候选阴影区域，利用区域的空间关系检测出真实的阴影。对大量不同光照条件和不同阴影投射表面的运动人视频的测试表明,该方法具有良好的适应性和鲁棒性。     

基于ICA特征的运动阴影检测算法

为防止运动阴影在视频图像序列中被错误地检测为目标,必须提高阴影检测算法的准确性和普适性。为此,从独立分量分析(ICA)的原理及其特性出发,提出一种基于空间变换技术的运动阴影检测算法。该算法通过对视频序列建立高斯混合背景模型产生自适应背景,利用ICA技术对其进行空间变换提取特征,再通过背景与当前帧图像对应像素点在特征空间的位置特征来分类运动阴影与前景目标。实验结果表明该方法能够较好地抑制噪声,减少光照变化的影响,准确地检测出阴影。     

Moving Shadow Detection and Removal for Traffic Sequences

Segmentation of moving objects in a video sequence is a basic task for application of computer vision. However, shadows extracted along with the objects can result in large errors in object localization and recognition. In this paper, we propose a method of moving shadow detection based on edge information, which can effectively detect the cast shadow of a moving vehicle in a traffic scene. Having confirmed shadows existing in a figure, we execute the shadow removal algorithm proposed in this paper to segment the shadow from the foreground. The shadow eliminating algorithm removes the boundary of the cast shadow and preserves object edges firstly; secondly, it reconstructs coarse object shapes based on the edge information of objects; and finally, it extracts the cast shadow by subtracting the moving object from the change detection mask and performs further processing. The proposed method has been further tested on images taken under different shadow orientations, vehicle colors and vehicle sizes, and the results have revealed that shadows can be successfully eliminated and thus good video segmentation can be obtained.     

基于纹理特征改进的GFL运动目标提取方法

基于广义融合套索（GFL）前景模型，融合视频的纹理特征，提出一种基于纹理特征的运动目标提取方法。方法通过GFL前景模型提取前景运动目标和背景，再利用LBP算法提取前景与背景在多个方向上的纹理特征，比较两者纹理特征的相似度，去除前景中的投射阴影，解决由于运动目标遮挡产生的阴影问题，同时还引入误判率去描述模型的准确度。通过对广场、办公室以及体育馆等实际场景进行测试，实验表明提出的算法能够有效去除运动目标产生的阴影。     

Segmentation of Planar Objects and Their Shadows in Motion Sequences

We investigate segmentation of planar objects and their cast shadows in image sequences. Given two moving image regions in an image sequence we present an algorithm for determining if the two moving regions can be interpreted as a planar object and its cast shadow. Projective geometry and motion properties are employed to directly recover a homology that constrains point correspondences of the outlines of the image regions and determine if they obey an object/shadow relationship. This homology is derived directly from the motions of the regions and therefore is easier to accomplish than determining point-to-point correspondences between candidate object-shadow pairs. Several experiments under approximate point light source illumination are presented. First online version published in February, 2006     

Efficient detection under varying illumination conditions and image plane rotations

This paper focuses on the detection of objects with a Lambertian surface under varying illumination and pose. We offer to apply a novel detection method that proceeds by modeling the different illuminations from a small number of images in a training set; this automatically voids the illumination effects, allowing fast illumination invariant detection, without having to create a large training set. It is demonstrated that the method “fits in” nicely with previous work about modeling the set of object appearances under varying illumination. In the experiments, an object was correctly detected under image plane rotations in a 45° range, and a wide variety of different illuminations, even when significant shadows were present.     

Moving Cast Shadows Detection Using Ratio Edge

Moving objects segmentation plays a very important role in real-time image analysis. However, as one of the common parts in the natural scenes, shadows severely interfere with the accuracy of moving objects detection in video surveillance. In this paper, we present a novel method for moving cast shadows detection. Based on the analysis of the physical model of moving shadows, we prove that the ratio edge is illumination invariant. The distribution of the ratio edge is discussed and a significance test is performed to classify each moving pixel into foreground object or moving shadow. Intensity constraint and geometric heuristics are imposed to further improve the performance. Experiments on various typical scenes exhibit the robustness of the proposed method. Extensively quantitative evaluation and comparison demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.     

Lighting Simulation of Augmented Outdoor Scene Based on a Legacy Photograph

We propose a novel approach to simulate the illumination of augmented outdoor scene based on a legacy photograph. Unlike previous works which only take surface radiosity or lighting related prior information as the basis of illumination estimation, our method integrates both of these two items. By adopting spherical harmonics, we deduce a linear model with only six illumination parameters. The illumination of an outdoor scene is finally calculated by solving a linear least square problem with the color constraint of the sunlight and the skylight. A high quality environment map is then set up, leading to realistic rendering results. We also explore the problem of shadow casting between real and virtual objects without knowing the geometry of objects which cast shadows. An efficient method is proposed to project complex shadows (such as tree's shadows) on the ground of the real scene to the surface of the virtual object with texture mapping. Finally, we present an unified scheme for image composition of a real outdoor scene with virtual objects ensuring their illumination consistency and shadow consistency. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of our method.     

结合色度和纹理不变性的运动阴影检测

目的：在运动检测中,运动物体产生的阴影常常被错误地检测为运动物体本身,为了将阴影从检测结果中消除,本文提出了一种色度不变性和纹理不变性相结合的运动阴影检测方法。方法：首先从阴影的物理模型出发,直接在RGB颜色空间利用色度不变性来获得候选阴影区域,然后根据颜色信息对候选阴影区域进行分割,对每个子区域,利用一种基于局部二值模式的指标来度量其与对应背景区域的纹理相似程度,进而判断该子区域是否是阴影,从而得到最终的检测结果。结果：在公开测试集上的实验结果表明我们的方法可以有效地检测出运动阴影,相对于几种常用的阴影检测算法具有一定的优势。结论：本文将像素级水平和区域级水平阴影检测方法结合起来,提出了一种结合色度不变性和纹理不变性的运动阴影检测方法。实验结果表明,在多类复杂场景中,本文方法都能有效地将运动阴影检测出来,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于局部纹理特性的运动车辆阴影消除

为解决传统阴影检测算法可靠性和实时性难以兼顾的难题,从交通场景的实际应用出发,提出一种基于局部纹理特性的灰度域阴影消除方法。通过分析阴影的物理模型,得出局部纹理的光照不变性,利用基于比值判决的LBP纹理法来区分运动车辆和阴影,并应用亮度约束和几何启发式准则进一步改善阴影检测效果。实验结果表明,该方法的阴影检测有效率在90％以上,且能较好地满足实时要求,提高低亮度时车辆的阴影检测效果。     

运动目标的阴影实时检测和消除

运动目标的实时检测与跟踪是智能监控和视频活动识别应用的基本步骤.运动目标检测把场景分割为前景目标和背景区域,但是在这个过程申运动目标投射的阴影很容易被误分类为前景目标,这种误分类会造成多个目标的合并或目标形状的改变.为了改善运动目标分割的效果,提出一个基于光强、色度和反射率的实时阴影检测和消除的算法,该算法不需要目标的...     

A dynamic conditional random field model for foreground and shadow segmentation

This paper proposes a dynamic conditional random field (DCRF) model for foreground object and moving shadow segmentation in indoor video scenes. Given an image sequence, temporal dependencies of consecutive segmentation fields and spatial dependencies within each segmentation field are unified by a dynamic probabilistic framework based on the conditional random field (CRF). An efficient approximate filtering algorithm is derived for the DCRF model to recursively estimate the segmentation field from the history of observed images. The foreground and shadow segmentation method integrates both intensity and gradient features. Moreover, models of background, shadow, and gradient information are updated adaptively for nonstationary background processes. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can accurately detect moving objects and their cast shadows even in monocular grayscale video sequences.     

Detecting moving objects, ghosts, and shadows in video streams

Background subtraction methods are widely exploited for moving object detection in videos in many applications, such as traffic monitoring, human motion capture, and video surveillance. How to correctly and efficiently model and update the background model and how to deal with shadows are two of the most distinguishing and challenging aspects of such approaches. The article proposes a general-purpose method that combines statistical assumptions with the object-level knowledge of moving objects, apparent objects (ghosts), and shadows acquired in the processing of the previous frames. Pixels belonging to moving objects, ghosts, and shadows are processed differently in order to supply an object-based selective update. The proposed approach exploits color information for both background subtraction and shadow detection to improve object segmentation and background update. The approach proves fast, flexible, and precise in terms of both pixel accuracy and reactivity to background changes.     

Extraction of urban impervious surfaces from an IKONOS image

Impervious surface has been recognised as an important indicator in urban environmental assessment. However, accurate extraction of impervious surface information in urban areas is a challenge because of the complexity of impervious materials. This paper explores different approaches for impervious surface extraction with IKONOS imagery in Indianapolis, U.S.A., by using decision tree classifier (DTC) and linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA). This research indicates that DTC is an effective approach for extraction of different impervious surface classes, including high‐, medium‐ and low‐reflectivity impervious surfaces and that LSMA‐based approach can provide quantitative measure of imperviousness. A critical step is to separate dark impervious objects/features from shadows cast by tall buildings and tree canopy and from water.     

Shadow elimination and vehicles classification approaches in traffic video surveillance context

Video surveillance on highway is a hot topic and a great challenge in Intelligent Transportation Systems. In such applications requiring objects extraction, cast shadows induce shape distortions and object fusions interfering performance of high level algorithms. Shadow elimination allows to improve the performances of video object extraction, classification and tracking. In other hand, it is very important to recognize the type of a detected object in order to track reliably and estimate traffic parameters correctly. This paper presents two approaches to enhance automatic traffic surveillance systems. The first deals with the elimination of shadows and the second concerns the classification of vehicles, based on robust vision and image processing. For moving shadow elimination, a contrast model is proposed to describe and remove dynamic shadows based on the idea that a shadow transformation is a change in contrast. For vehicles classification, Hu moments are calculated in a manner to reduce the perspective effects and used to describe vehicles in knowledge base. Experimental results on the various challenging video sequences show that the proposed approach outperforms classification methods of related works (with a classification accuracy of 96.96%), and that the shadow elimination approach performs better than compared works (with detection rate of 95–99% and discrimination rate of 85.7–89%).     

基于区域与光照不变性的运动阴影检测算法

在户外的视频监控系统中，运动目标的阴影降低了系统对目标识别与跟踪的能力。传统的基于像素的阴影检测算法易受噪声的影响。为了提高阴影检测算法的准确性,提出了一种基于区域与光照不变性的运动阴影检测算法。该算法从阴影的物理特性出发,考虑了区域内像素的总体特征。将运动区域采用EM聚类算法进行分块,对其中的小块向邻近的大块进行合并。对其中的每一块，根据阴影区域和相对应的背景区域之间的光照不变性进行阴影检测。实验结果表明，该算法能够很好地抑制噪声，准确地检测出阴影，明显比基于像素的算法有效。     

一种基于局部二值模式的阴影消除方法

运动目标检测和阴影消除是自动化视频分析系统的基础。本文根据视频背景与运动目标纹理的差异性以及背景与阴影纹理的相似性,提出一种利用局部二值模式作为图像纹理特征描述子,检测运动目标并消除阴影的方法。实验表明本文方法能在较好地抑制阴影同时,检测出完整运动目标。     

结合区域颜色和纹理的运动阴影检测方法

在视频跟踪中,由于运动阴影和运动对象具有相似的物理特性,现有方法很难区分运动对象和运动阴影.为解决这一问题,本文利用区域间的颜色和像素亮度的关系进行运动阴影的检测,有效克服了以像素为最小检测单位时检测结构容易受到噪声影响的不足;在通过分析运动阴影的物理模型证明局部二值模式(LBP)纹理的光照不变性之后,利用局部二值模式...