阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成及其在染整中的应用

采用逐步聚合法,选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和聚乙二醇（PEG1000）为预聚单体,自制的端羟基季铵盐为阳离子扩链剂,利用亚硫酸氢钠对异氰酸酯基封端处理后对体系进行去离子水分散乳化,合成了一种反应型阳离子水性聚氨酯（WPU）固色剂,考察了预聚反应温度、nNCO／nOH比值以及扩链剂用量对阳离子WPU性能的影响。结果表明,当预聚反应nNCO／nOH比值为2．0、温度70℃,季铵盐扩链剂质量分数为9％（相对于预聚物）时,合成阳离子WPU性能较好;将其用于活性染料或直接染料染色棉织物的固色处理,耐皂洗牢度及耐摩擦色牢度效果良好,其中湿摩擦牢度能够达到4级。     

多元共聚无醛固色剂的合成和应用

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺、二烯丙基胺、乙二醇单烯丙基醚为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,探讨原料比例、引发剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间对产品性能的影响。合成工艺优化条件为：m单体（二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）：m单体（丙烯酰胺）：m单体（二烯丙基胺）：m单体（乙二醇单烯丙基醚）=100．3：6：5,引发剂用量为1．2％（对单体质量）引发剂的加料方式为连续滴加,反应温度为80℃,在80℃保温反应7h。合成的固色剂适用于活性染料织物的固色处理。固色处理后色牢度可以提高0．5-1．5级。     

固色剂AF-80对棉织物染色性能的影响研究

采用固色剂AF-80对染色后的棉织物进行固色处理,分析了固色剂浓度和固色温度对固色率及干湿摩擦牢度的影响。结果表明:在不影响棉织物的鲜艳度和手感的前提下,固色剂浓度3%、固色温度60℃时,固色率明显改善,干摩擦牢度提高0.5级,湿摩擦牢度提高1级,满足染整加工技术要求。     

球形纤维素珠体-AN-AM接枝共聚物的制备

以球形纤维素珠体为原料,丙烯腈(AN)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,硝酸铈铵和过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,制备纤维素珠体-AN-AM接枝共聚物,并通过正交单因素实验,研究了反应温度、引发剂用量、单体用量、反应时间等因素对接枝效果的影响。实验结果表明:当反应温度为60℃,引发剂硝酸铈铵用量为20%,KPS用量为15%(引发剂与单体AN的质量百分比),单体AN浓度为0.75 mol/L,AM浓度为0.28 mol/L,硝酸浓度为0.14 mol/L,反应时间为3 h时,接枝效果最好。此条件下,AN、AM与纤维素的接枝率可达259.4%,接枝效率可达49.40%。     

聚合物防蜡剂SMSA的合成

以苯乙烯(S)、马来酸酐(M)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SA)为原料合成了三元共聚物防蜡剂SMSA。通过研究反应温度、反应浓度、反应物摩尔比、引发剂用量和反应时间五个因素对产物防蜡性能的影响,优化了合成反应条件。结果表明:单体摩尔比6∶6∶1,反应温度80℃,单体浓度40%,引发剂用量为单体量的2.0%,反应时间5 h,防蜡效果最好,酯化后的SMSAE兼具了高分子防蜡剂与表面活性剂防蜡剂的特点,防蜡率高达67.6%。     

聚牛磺酸丙烯酰胺的合成及表征

以牛磺酸丙烯酰胺为原料采用水溶液聚合法合成聚牛磺酸丙烯酰胺。采用L9(3)4正交设计法考察单体浓度,引发剂用量,反应时间,反应温度对产物黏度的影响,确定聚牛磺酸丙烯酰胺的最佳合成条件为单体浓度为20%,引发剂用量为0.4%,反应时间为6h,反应温度为50℃。并利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对产物结构进行表征。     

四元共聚钻井液降滤失剂的合成与性能评价

采用丙烯酰胺(AM)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)、对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)与烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)制备了一种抗温耐盐AM-SAS-SSS-APEG四元共聚物用于钻井液降滤失剂。通过单因素法考察了单体配比、单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应温度等对合成降滤失剂性能的影响,确定了最佳合成条件为:单体质量比:m(AM)∶m(APEG)∶m(SSS)∶m(SAS)=6.5∶2.0∶0.5∶1.0,单体质量分数为20%,引发剂用量为单体总质量的0.2%,反应温度60℃。对该条件下制备的聚合物进行了红外光谱表征(FTIR);热重分析(TGA)表明,该聚合物具有较好的热稳定性;对不同条件下泥浆形成的滤饼进行了电镜扫描(SEM),对比滤饼形貌发现,加入降滤失剂后可形成薄而致密的泥饼。抗温耐盐实验结果表明,所合成的聚合物抗温能力较好(190℃),在盐水及复合盐水钻井液中均具有较好的降失水能力。     

氧化还原引发木薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的研究

以木薯淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,采用氧化还原引发体系合成淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物,研究了温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度以及反应时间对聚合反应的影响。结果表明：采用氧化还原引发剂可以使聚合反应低温快速进行。实验最佳条件：反应温度为40℃,引发剂浓度为4mmol／L,单体质量浓度为85mg／mL,反应时间为3h。     

低浓度丙烯酸溶液聚合及阻垢性能的研究

以低浓度丙烯酸溶液、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为原料,合成了丙烯酸共聚物,最佳工艺条件为:丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为5∶1,引发剂用量为单体总重的2%,分子量调节剂用量为9.5%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为3 h。共聚物的阻CaCO3垢率达87.21%。     

衣康酸-丙烯酸共聚物的合成及助洗性能

以衣康酸(IA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用水溶液聚合的工艺路线,合成了AA-IA共聚物钠盐,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对AA-IA共聚物钠盐的合成及助洗性能的影响.确定了较佳的工艺条件:IA占总单体的摩尔分数为22%,过硫酸铵用量为总单体质量的6.67%,反应温度80℃～85℃,丙烯酸和过硫酸铵的滴加时间为2.5 h,保温时间为3.5 h,总反应时间为6 h.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.