悬浮聚合法色粉制备条件及树脂性能控制

研究了超声波及颜料颗粒铁黑和碳黑对苯乙烯聚合过程的影响。结果表明，超声波对苯乙烯聚合过程的影响可分为三个阶段，在聚合反应前期，超声波引发聚合作用显著，对苯乙烯聚合有加速作用：在聚合反应中期，超声波降解作用加强，使聚合反应速率降低：在聚合反应后期，由于聚合体系的粘度增大，超声波引发聚合作用显著而加速反应过程。铁黑颗粒加入聚合体系，会阻碍链自由基的扩散，因而加快聚合反应；碳黑颗粒对聚合过程的影响与加入量有关，碳黑加入量低于1%（wt)时，碳黑颗粒造成的空间效应会阻碍链自由基的扩散，使反应加速；碳黑加入量高于5%（wt)时，由于碳黑素面活性基团对自由基的捕捉作用而使反应减速。实验研究了悬浮聚合法色粉制备过程中温度、引发剂浓度和颜料颗粒对聚合树脂分子量分布、熔融特性的影响。结果表明，聚合温度或高或引发剂用量增加，聚合树脂的分子量减小，软化点降低，熔融指数增大；加入碳黑可降低聚合树脂分子量，加入铁黑可显著提高树脂分子量，且均能显著增大分子量多分散系数；加入铁黑颗粒，色粉的软化点升高，熔融指数减小。通过参数调节，可有效控制树脂的熔融特性。     

玻璃钢双壁储油罐内衬导静电材质添加量对树脂粘度的影响

本文主要研究石墨,碳黑,云母三种不同的导静电材质对于储罐内衬层树脂粘度的影响。实验以对苯树脂作为基体,分别以石墨,碳黑,云母作为导静电材质,通过球模均匀搅拌制备玻璃钢储罐内衬所需防静电树脂,并采用旋转粘度计测试不同材质、不同比例条件下树脂的粘度值,实验结果表明,石墨对于树脂粘度值影响较小,可以作为内衬防静电树脂的添加材质。     

GE公司推出耐热导电树脂

最近，美国GE塑料公司开发出牌号为Noryl GTX 973，976和979合金导电树脂，作为其Noryl GTX系列树脂新成员，目标应用为涂覆制品。新牌号开发采用了该公司的导电碳黑分散在尼龙／PPO合金的专门技术，因而树脂兼有静电涂覆要求的高耐热性和导电性，使用时不需要先涂底漆，并有良好的涂料转印能力。     

改性糠醇树脂导电涂料的研究

讨论了糖醇树脂、环氧糖醇共混改性树脂和环氧化学改性糖醇树脂（二羟甲基糠醇齐聚物与环氧氯丙烷反应物）三种成膜物以聚酰胺为固化剂，所得涂层的物理机械性能，并比较了在上述成膜物中加入粉状特种导电碳黑前后涂层的物理机械性能，考察了粉状特异导电黑的加量，涂层制备过程中的溶剂含量，涂层厚度以及环境温度对导电涂层阻率的影响。结果表明，环氧化学改性糖醇树脂用作导电涂料成膜物的综合机械性能比环氧糖醇共混改性树脂和糖醇树脂要好得多；10％（质量分数）的炭黑含量是该种涂料的渗流阈值，制备涂料过程中溶剂的加量和涂层的厚度对涂层电阻有一定的影响。该种涂层的电阻率随温度的升高而有所下降，具有NTC特性，适合高温场合使用。     

德士古碳黑过滤工艺简介

德士古碳黑过滤工艺简介玄恩锋（吉林化学工业公司化肥厂，吉林，１３２０２１）德士古碳黑回收技术有石脑油萃取和碳黑过滤两种方法。对于以渣油为原料的合成氨项目，选择碳黑过滤技术，尽管渣油耗量稍高，但不需要石脑油，氧耗也低，使得德士古整个装置的投资降低。过滤...     

碳黑母粒分散机理探讨

采用不同配方和不同生产工艺制备了碳黑母粒，研究了表面活性剂咪唑啉、分散剂聚乙烯蜡的用量和混炼工艺对碳黑母粒分散性能的影响，并通过测定薄膜黑度的方法对碳黑的分散性能进行了分析。     

水性聚氟乙烯涂料配方

在水性聚氟乙烯涂料配方中,碳黑的存在能使涂层增加与金属的粘接性。在含有35%固体份的水性分散体中,每百份树脂添加5份碳黑,并添加1%的Triton(聚乙二醇烷基酚醚系表面活性剂)。将此分散体涂装于铁片上,在260℃下烘烤8分钟。所得到涂层的粘接性比不添加碳黑好,在沸水中煮864小时,粘接性没有变化。     

一种热转印色带中黑颜料的分离及分析

热转印黑色带油墨层是黑颜料与树脂的分散体系 ,采用氧化铝柱层析法分离颜料与树脂 ,得到吸附有颜料的氧化铝 ,经过红外、元素分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和热分析质谱和热分析质谱分析鉴定了黑颜料的成分为碳黑。     

碳黑洗涤水pH值测量系统的改造

以渣油为原料生产合成氨，在油气化过程中会产生大量的碳黑，再用水洗涤原料气中的碳黑，洗涤后的碳黑水呈酸性，必须加碱性水中和以防工艺管道的腐蚀。由于碳黑冷凝水温度高达121℃，压力0．1MPa，其中还带有油、碳黑渣及其它悬浮物，对碳黑洗涤水     

聚乙烯土工膜中碳黑、氧化诱导时间及灰分之间的影响研究

氧化诱导时间(OIT)和碳黑含量、分散以及灰分均为检测聚乙烯复合土工膜材料的重要指标。对聚乙烯土工膜产品碳黑和OIT进行试验研究,得出了聚乙烯土工膜产品中碳黑与OIT的影响关系:当碳黑分散度在1~2级的范围内,随着碳黑含量的增加,OIT数值也不断增大;而碳黑分散度在1~3级的范围内,此时试样的碳黑粒子分布不均匀,并存在聚集体,碳黑含量和OIT数值没有相关联系。在OIT测试时,当试验恒温温度及气体等条件相同时,在试样质量为14.5~15.5 mg的范围内,得出了试样质量的变化对土工膜材料的OIT值并无线性影响。采用GB/T 13021—2000和GB/T 9345.1—2008两种方法对聚乙烯土工膜产品灰分含量进行测定和比较,结果表明:两种方法所测定的试样中灰分含量存在一定的差异,其中采用GB/T9345.1的方法反映了聚乙烯土工膜真实的灰分含量,并建议修订GB/T 17643时增加灰分含量技术要求及方法。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。