北京奥运工程绿色施工示范项目——北京射击馆绿色建筑施工技术

北京射击馆工程建设过程中,通过对绿色建筑施工的策划、实施,减少了场地干扰,保护了周边环境,节约了大量资源,实现了工程质量、安全、文明、效益、环境综合目标;通过对人、机、料、法、环的控制,实现了环境与建筑的和谐,建筑与人的和谐,人与社会的和谐,取得了显著的经济和社会效益。     

国际玻璃钢发展呈2大趋势

世界建材工业相继发生了一系列重大的技术革命,极大地提高了劳动生产率和产品质量,扩大了生产规模,降低了产品热耗、能耗,有效控制了烟尘、粉尘、有害气体的排放,由此引发了世界建材工业快速发展,解决了全球对建材产品的巨大需求。在最近20年,世界建材工业新技术绝大部分是在上世纪几大创新技术的基础上开发或发展的,这些新技术包括降低热耗、提高自动化程度、扩大生产规模、利用废物、环境保护、产品深加工等方面。     

优美的环境 和谐的建筑——澳大利亚、新西兰城市建设管理经验和启示

为学习和借鉴澳大利亚、新西兰城市建设和管理的先进经验,近日我们一行对澳大利亚、新西兰城市建设和管理进行了考察,途经澳大利亚的悉尼、布里斯班、黄金海岸和首都堪培拉以及新西兰的奥克兰、罗托鲁阿、汉密尔顿等城市。通过考察,我们既充分领略了当地优美的自然风光和人文景观,又强烈感受到了不同价值文化的冲击,开阔了视野,拓宽了思路,更新了观念,看到了差距,学到了城市建设和管理方面的经验。     

长大干线桥渡方案选择

对沿线地质、自然、人文、环境进行了分析,从结构受力、经济、景观、施工方式等方面进行了论述,提出了长大干线桥式选择的比较方法,尤其对方案的可行性进行了研究,达到了预期的效果,解决了长大干线桥式选择的问题。     

小学语文教学运用多媒体技术的利与弊

科学技术的日新月异发展,多媒体技术已应用于小学语文教学,彰显了事物变化过程、激发了学生学习的欲望、化解了教学难点、促进了学生主动、积极、创新思维发展、提高了学生整体素质。然而,多媒体技术不是灵丹妙药,存在一定的问题,这些问题亟待解决,本文试就小学语文教学运用多媒体技术的利与弊进行了阐述。     

意趣悠远 魅力无限——新乡

近年来,新乡市建设日新月异,城市基础建设日臻完善,城市布局更加合理,市容市貌焕然一新。各项事业欣欣向荣,取得了很大成绩,获得了很多荣誉。新乡市的园林绿化事业快速发展,来过新乡的朋友都感到,新乡市变美了、变绿了、变亮了、变净了,变得更加朝气蓬勃、生机盎然。     

青岛城市管理发展取向

青岛城市管理变革历程 初步构建了与市场经济相适应的城市管理体制框架.1997年,为适应建立社会主义市场经济和城市各项事业发展的要求,充分发挥城市整体功能和作用,建立科学有序、先进高效的城市管理体制,青岛市委、市政府做出了加强城市管理和区街工作的决定,明确了市、区、街三级管理的职能与职权,在环卫、园林、市政、房管等行业进行了管理体制改革,实行了政企分开、政事分开,初步实现了权责统一.并通过适度引入竞争机制,较好地解决了城管工作中若干突出矛盾,初步构建了与市场经济相适应的城市管理体制框架.     

城市园林中的古树和大树移植探讨

介绍了古树、大树及大树移植等相关概念,论述了古树、大树的意义及重要性,探讨了古树、大树移植的必要性,分析了城市园林中古树、大树移植的来源,提出了古树、大树的应用方式,从而使得城市园林景观更加丰富.     

香港印象--赴香港学习培训收获与体会

通过在香港一年的学习培训,了解了香港的社会、政治、经济、文化及市场运作,了解了香港建筑工程管理的特点,感受到香港人所表现出来的优良品质和拼搏奋斗意识、忧患意识、竞争意识、尊重人才的意识、创新意识;开阔了视野,更新了观念,增强了今后工作的信心。     

信保广场建筑设计

以信保广场建筑设计为例,分析了其总体设计方案,对交通组织与出入口设计作了介绍,详细阐述了建筑平面、实用率、餐厅、避难层等建筑功能设计要点,并简述了立面造型特点,体现了现代、简洁、实用的原则。     

海外石油项目环境合规性规范体系研究

海外石油项目的环境合规性管理意义重大,环境合规性管理的关键问题是识别合适的规范体系。从法学理论分析,资源国法律及其批准的国际公约、投资开发协议所要求的法律法规、金融机构的融资担保合同中所要求的法律法规、投资母国的法律规范构成了对海外石油项目的硬法约束;国际组织通过约束跨国公司行为的协定指南、企业加入的自愿性承诺、国际行业标准以及被视为最佳实践和惯例的标准导则构成了软法约束。本文结合主要国际石油公司的环境合规性实践分析,认为在实际管理中,可以根据规范来源与效力、企业追求目标等因素将上述规范区分为核心规范和其他规范,其中核心规范进一步区分为必选规范和可选规范。     

Human behavior and fires: An introduction

From a selected list of references, the author traces the developments in the research into human behavior in fire situations. This paper includes research approaches, people and design as related to the evacuation process, panic, behavioral tendencies, and decision-making, citing references from the author's paper:Human Behavior and Fire Emergencies: An Annotated Bibliography, NBSIR 81-2438. National Bureau of Standards Reference: Paulsen, R. L., “Human Behavior and Fires: An Introduction”, Fire Technology, Vol. 20, No. 2, May 1984, p. 15.     

Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions - Properties, requirements and possibilities

The advantages and disadvantages of the thermal building insulation materials and solutions have been treated. Both traditional, state-of-the-art and possible materials and solutions beyond these have been investigated. Examples of these may be mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, vacuum insulation panels, gas insulation panels, aerogels, and future possibilities like vacuum insulation materials, nano insulation materials and dynamic insulation materials. Various properties, requirements and possibilities have been compared and studied. Among these are thermal conductivity, perforation vulnerability, building site adaptability and cuttability, mechanical strength, fire protection, fume emission during fire, robustness, climate ageing durability, resistance towards freezing/thawing cycles, water resistance, costs and environmental impact. Currently, there exist no single insulation material or solution capable of fulfilling all the requirements with respect to the most crucial properties. That is, for the buildings of today and the near future, several insulation materials and solutions are used and will have to be used depending on the exact circumstances and specifications. As of today, new materials and solutions like e.g. vacuum insulation panels are emerging, but only slowly introduced in the building sector partly due to their short track record. Therefore it will be of major importance to know the limitations and possibilities of all the insulation materials and solutions, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages. In this respect new conceptual thermal building insulation materials are also discussed.     

Wild Ways and Paths of Pleasure: access to British waterfalls, 1500-2000

In Britain the rise of tourism, largely associated with the Romantic taste for landscape, encouraged travel to relatively inaccessible areas. Among travellers in search of the picturesque and the sublime, waterfalls were particularly popular, but these were commonly difficult and dangerous places to visit. The impact of tourism on the evolution of the landscape at waterfall sites over a period during which people travelled to tourist centres on horseback, by coach, by rail and by motor vehicle is examined. Drawing on topographical, travel and tourist literature from the sixteenth century to 2000, together with extensive field observation, the evolution from the 'natural' to the designed landscape, created to meet the needs of, and to attract, visitors, is considered. It is demonstrated how, while facilitating visits to natural attractions such as waterfalls, improved access and the provision of amenities have changed valued landscapes and, hence, the visitor's experience of them.     

基于GIS与AHP耦合技术的土地沙漠化模型研究

晋陕蒙 (西 )地区的土地沙漠化受控于多种因子 ,在详尽分析了土地沙漠化的各种因子基础上 ,确定了母质类型、植被覆盖、地貌类型、沟壑密度、土地利用类型、矿山开发面积、大风强度七个致灾因子 ,并分别建立了它们各自的子专题层图。利用先进的层次分析法 (AHP)确定了影响沙漠化的各致灾因子的权重系数 ,通过地理信息系统 (GIS)与AHP的耦合技术 ,对各子专题层图进行了加权复合叠加 ,利用频率和频数分布直方图 ,确定出土地沙漠化的分区阈值 ,构建了土地沙漠化危险度评价的多源地学信息复合叠加模型 ,并对土地沙漠化危险度进行了分区评价 ,共划分为五个区 ,即强度区、中度区、轻度区、潜在区、未沙区。土地沙漠化评价模型的建立 ,为土地沙漠化的分区评价与预测提供了理论依据 ,使评价结果更科学、合理、准确。     

Application of real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of selected bacterial pathogens during municipal wastewater treatment

Bacteria were detected at five stages of municipal wastewater treatment using TaqMan(R) real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Thirteen probe and primer sets were tested for diverse pathogens that may be present in wastewater, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity of the assay was 100 fg of genomic DNA (=22 gene copies), based on a standard curve generated using A. hydrophila purified DNA. Samples from five stages of wastewater treatment were collected, including raw wastewater, primary effluents, mixed liquor, waste activated sludge and final effluents. In duplicate samples, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. perfringens and E. faecalis were detected throughout the wastewater process, and their numbers decreased by 3.52-3.98, 4.23-4.33, 3.15-3.39, and 3.24 orders of magnitude respectively, between the raw wastewater and final effluent stage. This qPCR method was effective for the detection of pathogens in wastewater and confirmed that the risk of exposure to pathogens in the wastewater discharge was well within the Environment Canada guidelines.     

Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacteria as contaminants of fresh water from different sources in Araraquara, Brazil

The microbiological quality of various fresh waters in the Araraquara region, state of São Paulo, Brazil was investigated. Ninety-nine water samples were taken from rivers, reservoirs, artesian and non-artesian wells, springs and tap waters, and these waters were analysed using: plate counts of heterotrophic microorganisms (per 1 ml); Most Probable Number (MPN) of fecal coliforms and E. coli (per 100 ml); tests for presence of Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, the E. coli pathogens of classes EPEC, ETEC and EIEC and Mycobacterium, Shigella, Yersinia and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) were not isolated. The other types of microorganisms were isolated in varying proportions. We conclude that the waters investigated represent a potential microbiological health risk.     

Trace metals in Shatt al-Arab River,Iraq

The distribution of 10 trace metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn have been determined along the northern section of the Shatt al-Arab River, Iraq. Analyses were carried out, employing a flameless AAS instrument. The mean concentrations of the dissolved species were as follows (expressed in μg l^?1): 0.25 Cd, 0.9 Cu, 716 Fe, 1.3 Mn, 0.3 Pb, 0.2 V and 1.8 Zn. Mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the particulate matter were 55.2, 6.0, 188, 77, 31 472, 1731, 3807, 93, 207 and 77 μg g^?1 respectively. In the exchangeable fraction of the sediment were 0.15, 5.5, 11.1, 11.9, 1625, 482, 42, 30.5, 25.7 and 6 μg g^?1, whereas in the residual were 0.025, 11.5, 96.1, 22, 5176, 258, 613, 3.9, 162 and 56.8 μg g^?1 respectively. Thus, the exchangeable trace metals represent the following mean percentage of the total; 75% Cd, 33% Co, 10% Cr, 34% Cu, 24% Fe, 63% Mn, 7% Ni, 74% Pb, 14% V and 23% Zn. The concentration of Ni and V were relatively high, this was attributed to the petroleum-rich deposits of the region. The concentrations observed for other metals were lower or equal to those reported for control sites except for Pb which was slightly higher. The data obtained were subjected to simple linear regression analysis and expressed in the form of correlation coefficients. It was found that the inter-elemental relationships are rather complex.     

跨度120m三角锥体钢结构施工滑移监测方法研究

大跨度钢结构的滑移是一个动态过程,滑移推力、环境荷载、轨道承载力、轨道平顺性等因素对结构准确就位均有影响。为此,提出了一种能够监测滑移施工过程结构安全、稳定及滑移同步性的方法,该方法通过模拟分析施工滑移过程,准确预判滑移中结构出现损伤的位置和程度,提前采取措施;通过实时在线监测结构滑移施工过程中多项参数的变化,避免滑移过程中结构的应力集中、局部变形过大、脱轨、失稳及倾覆。以大同美术馆钢结构屋盖滑移施工监测为例,在滑移前对滑移施工过程进行模拟分析和监测系统安装,对滑移阶段结构关键构件的应变、位移、构件变形及环境温度进行实时监测、分析与反馈。结果表明：大跨度钢结构滑移受温度、轨道平顺性、轨道处结构变形值、顶推设备误差影响;采用有限元模拟分析、现场监测、实时分析与反馈的监测方法,可有效控制滑移过程中结构的内力、变形、各轨道滑移的同步性及结构的整体稳定性。     

Lowland Stream Restoration in Denmark: Background and Examples

Since 1982, Danish legislation on streams and drainage has included clauses which make it possible to implement river restoration. In this paper, the Danish shift in policy from drainage to the return of wetlands is described. To illustrate the new beginning on catchment management, two major river-restoration schemes, i.e. the River Brede demonstration project and the River Skjern Nature project, are presented. Both projects have been implemented and consist of many parts, including (a) returning the straight, regulated rivers back to their former meanders, (b) introducing better hydraulic interaction between the river and its meadows, and (c) establishing former lakes, bogs, ponds and marshes. Also, an increase in security against flooding has resulted, as the regulated 'water-motorways'have become more natural, with buffer-zones and retention of water in the restored features.