次边缘柱失效下预应力混凝土框架抗连续倒塌性能研究

考虑到去柱后弯矩方向在去柱处出现反转并且可能与预应力筋布置形式相反，预应力混凝土结构具有较大的倒塌风险，该文通过拟静力试验和数值模拟研究了次边缘柱失效下无黏结预应力混凝土(PC)梁-柱子结构的抗连续倒塌性能。对2个具有不同预应力筋布置形式(直线型和抛物线型)的1/2缩尺梁-柱子结构进行Pushdown加载，分析了试件的破坏模式、抗力机制演变和极限承载力。为量化预应力筋的影响，制作了一个具有相同几何尺寸和非预应力筋配筋率的钢筋混凝土试件作为参考。结果表明：预应力筋可以显著提高结构承载力，同时改变结构的破坏模式，降低结构变形能力。预应力筋产生的水平拉力加剧了边柱的挠曲P-δ效应，使边柱提早发生大偏心受压破坏。为进一步了解预应力混凝土框架抗倒塌性能，基于有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了精细化有限元模型开展系列参数分析。数值分析表明，预压应力可以增强压拱机制，预应力筋对于大变形阶段承载力的提高贡献显著。     

预应力CFRP筋-螺纹钢筋-型钢/混凝土偏拉构件抗震性能试验

为研究预应力碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)筋-螺纹钢筋-型钢/混凝土(SRC)偏拉构件的抗震性能,对4根预应力CFRP筋-SRC偏拉构件、4根预应力螺纹钢筋-SRC偏拉构件和3根普通SRC受拉构件进行了低周反复荷载对比试验,试验参数包括偏心距、预应力张拉水平、竖向拉力、预应力筋类型.研究结果表明:所有构件的破坏形态...     

配置直线不等长预应力筋简支梁自振频率研究

基于结构振动的基本理论,利用梁的自由振动方程,推导出了直线不等长预应力筋简支梁自振频率的理论计算公式。以某桥为背景,对该桥2片预应力混凝土空心板梁进行了模态试验,并用有限元软件ANSYS对该试验梁进行模态分析。结果表明:实测值、有限元分析值和理论公式计算值三者吻合良好,证明了所推导的公式对计算直线不等长预应力筋简支梁前两阶振动频率是合理准确的。最后结合理论计算公式和有限元模型分析了预加应力和预应力筋偏心距对不等长预应力筋简支梁自振频率的影响。     

体外预应力梁动力特性的能量法分析

不引入解析法中体外筋预拉力增量与梁中点振动位移成正比的假设,提出用能量法分析体外预应力梁动力特性。由于不引入解析法中的假设,梁自振频率也更准确,与数值解吻合良好。计算结果表明：解析法低估了体外筋对第1自振频率效应;高估了对第2自振频率效应;体外预应力筋对第1自振频率影响较大,对高阶的频率影响很小,可以不考虑其影响;随着体外筋面积和偏心距的增加,梁的第1自振频率也随之增加。在理论上,体外预应力能减小梁的自振频率,而体内预应力对梁的自振频率没有影响     

计电磁不平衡拉力的高速电主轴转子偏心特性研究

针对高速电主轴转子偏心状态产生的两种载荷-电磁不平衡拉力与离心力,据电磁理论建立电磁不平衡拉力载荷模型,理论分析两种偏心载荷幅值及频率特性;应用Timoshenko梁理论,建立耦合入轴承动态支撑刚度矩阵并以两种偏心载荷为外力的转子有限元模型;据动力学方程计算转子系统固有频率、振型,研究电磁不平衡拉力载荷与离心力载荷对转子系统动态特性影响;通过实验验证两种偏心载荷为引起高速电主轴转子振动的主要因素及转子系统一阶固有频率随转速升高而升高,实验结果与理论计算误差较小。     

预应力梁,板弯曲振动固有频率的研究

本文应用弹性动力学的理论，在一些基本假定的基础上对应力梁，板弯曲振动的固有频率进行了研究，提出了一种求解决实际工程中预应力梁，权在非中面受力，微弯状态下频率分析的一种实用方法，并在此基础上得到了梁，板在不同边界条件下频率的特征方程，通过与无预应力情况下的比较，分析了预应力及偏心距对梁，板弯曲振动固有频率影响的一般规律。     

节段施工体外预应力混凝土梁弯曲性能研究

节段施工体外预应力混凝土梁接缝受力行为的模拟,是能否进行可靠的有限元分析的关键。根据接缝处不同部位混凝土和钢筋的受力特点,建立了能够模拟接缝工作的计算模型,开发出能够对体外预应力梁进行全过程仿真分析的非线性有限元程序。应用所编程序,对Angel C.Aparicio等人的节段式体外预应力混凝土试验梁,分别改变其相应参数,进行弯曲性能分析。分析结果表明:接缝位置处的单元与普通梁段的单元并没有本质不同,其差异在于决定梁单元刚度亦即参与工作的材料有所不同;普通钢筋配筋率对节段较短的体外预应力梁抗弯性能基本没有影响;体外索初始张拉力、布筋形式和节段划分数目对节段施工体外预应力梁的弯曲性能分别有不同程度的影响。     

预应力对混凝土梁动力特性的影响分析

通过对预应力混凝土梁强迫振动试验与有限元动力分析,得出了预应力混凝土梁的基本动力特性;进一步考察了预应力大小、预应力筋形状和位置对动力特性的影响。结果表明:对于混凝土梁,是否施加预应力和预应力索的位置对频率会产生一定的影响,而预应力大小和预应力索的形状对频率的影响则较小,分析结果有助于结构健康监测和损伤识别。     

预应力简支钢箱梁自振频率研究

建立了预应力钢箱梁振动性能的非线性分析模型,并推导了曲线型布索的预应力简支钢箱梁自振频率计算公式;以曲线型布索的预应力简支钢箱梁试验模型为基础,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了预应力简支钢箱梁模型并对其进行模态分析,通过模型试验的自振频率测试结果和有限元分析结果验证了理论公式推导的正确性;采用理论计算和有限元数值计算相结合的方法研究了预应力钢索索力、锚固位置对预应力简支钢箱梁自振频率的影响。     

有粘结和无粘结相结合的预应力FRP筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力研究

纤维增强塑料筋(简称FRP 筋)是一种高强线弹性材料,非常适合用做侵蚀环境下的预应力筋,采用有粘结和无粘结相结合是提高预应力FRP 筋混凝土梁延性的一种新方法。对有粘结和无粘结相结合的预应力FRP 筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力进行了理论分析和试验研究,基于平衡配筋率定义了有粘结和无粘结相结合的预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的破坏形态,推导了平衡配筋率和相应抗弯承载力的计算公式。为了验证公式的正确性,进行了9 根预应力FRP 筋混凝土梁的试验研究,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究结果表明,在相同配筋的条件下,体内有粘结预应力FRP 筋混凝土梁的承载力最高,体内无粘结预应力FRP 筋混凝土梁的承载力其次,而无转向块的体外无粘结预应力FRP 筋混凝土梁的承载力最低。采用体内有粘结和无粘结预应力相结合,可以改善预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的延性。     

偏心受拉作用下预应力CFRP筋-型钢混凝土构件抗裂试验

为解决我国型钢混凝土桁架转换层拉杆及低层角柱在正常使用阶段易出现大面积拉裂缝的问题,以轻质高强、防腐的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)筋为预应力筋,提出可有效控制裂缝的预应力CFRP筋-型钢混凝土结构体系,并对其偏心受拉作用下的抗裂性能进行系统研究。以预应力水平、偏心距、纵筋直径及型钢翼缘厚度为主要参数制作11个构件,通过自行研发的拉-压转换桁架实现偏拉加载。结果表明:引入CFRP筋后CFRP筋-型钢混凝土构件抗裂度大幅提升,相较于普通偏拉构件,预应力大偏拉构件开裂荷载提高了64.8%~102.3%,预应力小偏拉构件提高了61.7%~117%,其抗裂性能与预应力水平、纵筋直径和型钢翼缘厚度正相关,与偏心距负相关。参照组合结构设计规范,提出构件开裂阶段中和轴的三种位置分布,并推导出开裂荷载公式,与试验值比较吻合度较高,可为其他复合材料筋在预应力偏拉体系的应用提供参考。      

Factors affecting the external prestressing stress in externally strengthened prestressed concrete beams

The wide use of external prestressing system to strengthen reinforced and prestressed concrete members requires the full understanding of the behaviour of the strengthened members. At ultimate the stress in the external prestressing tendons need to be known in order to calculate the ultimate strength of the strengthened member. Several factors that can influence the increase in the ultimate stress in steel external prestressing tendons have been studied and well understood while the effect of these factors on tendons made from fibre reinforced plastics needs more research.

This research was carried out to study the effect of several factors on the increase in the ultimate stress in external Parafil ropes as well as external steel tendons. These factors were related to the external prestressing system, internal prestressed and ordinary bonded steel, beam geometry and material properties. Also, the accuracy of equations proposed by the Eurocode (EC2), ACI318 and BS8110 to calculate the ultimate stress in external steel and FRP prestressing tendons was examined.

The experimental and the analytical results showed that the studied factors have the same effect on both steel (up to yield) and Parafil ropes though this effect is greater in case of steel tendons. Also, factors such as tendon profile (straight or deviated), high strength of the concrete, effective tendon depth, number of deviators should be taken into consideration when calculating the ultimate stress in the external tendons.     

大跨度曲线预应力桥梁预应力钢束的张拉控制研究

预应力在大跨度曲线桥梁中的使用,给预应力的分析研究以及张拉施工提出了新的问题,尤其是施工中的一些问题亟待解决,如摩擦系数、曲率等的改变,都会给预应力的分布带来不利的影响。现有的力学模型又无法满足解决这些问题的需求,建立一种适用于大跨度曲线预应力桥梁预应力钢束张拉施工的新模型是必要的。本文给出了预应力钢束张拉的控制模型,并在施工中得以验证,取得了令人满意的效果。该模型不仅可以解决一些诸如摩擦系数这类可确定因素的变化问题,亦可处理一些不确定因素给施工所带来的影响。按照这一模型所规定的方式进行施工,大大改善了预应力在钢束中的分布情况,提高预应力的使用效果是显著的。     

Evaluation of prestressed basalt fiber and hybrid fiber reinforced polymer tendons under marine environment

This paper studies the degradation of the tensile properties of prestressed basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and hybrid FRP tendons in a marine environment. Two levels of prestressing toward typical prestressing applications were applied in the experiment. The variations of tensile strength, elastic modulus and the relevant coefficient of variation (CV) were first investigated. The effect of prestressing on tensile property degradation was discussed. The characteristics of prestressed hybrid FRP tendons in a marine environment simulated by a salt solution were clarified. Moreover, a prediction model of BFRP tendons with different levels of prestressing in a marine environment was proposed. The results show that the BFRP tendons’ superior resistance to salt corrosion and the degradation rate of their tensile strength is nonlinearly proportional to the prestressing ratios, whereas the elastic modulus remains constant regardless the prestressing ratio and aging duration. Although prestressing on BFRP tendons accelerates degradation, it can still lower the variation of the strength of the BFRP tendon. Hybridization can lower the degradation rate of basalt and carbon FRP (B/CFRP) without prestressing, whereas basalt and steel-wire FRP (B/SFRP) exhibit much faster degradation due to the internal corrosive steel wires. The model regression by the Napierian logarithm equation well represents the degradation trend of BFRP tendons under different levels of prestressing.     

Modeling of magnetic and magnetoelastic behavior of prestressingsteel near saturation

For the design of a magnetoelastic device for force measurements in tendons of prestressed concrete structures, magnetic and magnetoelastic measurement data of the BH-normal induction curve were determined for three prestressing steel specimens using a NPL-permeameter. These data were compared to three saturation models known from the literature: the linear (LSL), the quadratic (QSL) and the square-root (RSL) saturation law. The LSL, which was found to be the most suitable of them, is magnetoelastically generalized to the extended linear saturation law (ELSL). The magnetoelastic magnetization data of three selected prestressing steel specimens agree well with the ELSL-model equation. Model parameters, mechanical data and chemical composition of the three specimens are given     

无粘结预应力CFRP筋钢纤维轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

建立无粘结预应力FRP筋张拉锚固体系,对8根以CFRP筋为非预应力筋的无粘结预应力CFRP筋轻骨料混凝土梁与1根普通混凝土对比试件进行两点对称加载,观察其破坏过程与破坏形态,分析了混凝土种类、预应力度和净跨长度对开裂弯矩、弯矩-跨中挠度曲线、裂缝宽度等受弯性能的影响.从等效轴向刚度思想出发,修正了现有的以钢筋为非预应力...     

Velocity Constants for Ultrasonic Stress Measurement in Prestressing Tendons

There is currently widespread use of high-strength steel tendons for prestressing and post-tensioning of concrete structures and as suspension cables for long-span bridges. Tendons normally consist of one or more seven-wire, helically wound steel strands or solid rods. There are more than 130,000 prestressed bridges in the United States that contain these tendons, and approximately 3,000 new bridges are constructed each year. The prestressing tendons are critical structural elements because the forces in the tendons counteract tensile stresses in the concrete that result from loads acting on a bridge. The tendons are frequently inaccessible for visual inspections and there is currently no accepted nondestructive evaluation technique to assess the condition of these tendons. The goal of this research is to examine ultrasonic stress measurement techniques for the condition assessment of prestressing tendons. This information could be used to compare the actual force in the tendon with its design values to determine if the tendon is performing below expectations. The focus of this paper is the characterization of the relationship between ultrasonic wave velocity and stress level in prestressing tendons. Measurements were made to determine constants that relate the change in ultrasonic velocity to the change in stress. The effects of dispersion in prestressing tendons, which act as circular waveguides for ultrasonic waves, are evaluated.     

Velocity Constants for Ultrasonic Stress Measurement in Prestressing Tendons

Abstract

There is currently widespread use of high-strength steel tendons for prestressing and post-tensioning of concrete structures and as suspension cables for long-span bridges. Tendons normally consist of one or more seven-wire, helically wound steel strands or solid rods. There are more than 130,000 prestressed bridges in the United States that contain these tendons, and approximately 3,000 new bridges are constructed each year. The prestressing tendons are critical structural elements because the forces in the tendons counteract tensile stresses in the concrete that result from loads acting on a bridge. The tendons are frequently inaccessible for visual inspections and there is currently no accepted nondestructive evaluation technique to assess the condition of these tendons. The goal of this research is to examine ultrasonic stress measurement techniques for the condition assessment of prestressing tendons. This information could be used to compare the actual force in the tendon with its design values to determine if the tendon is performing below expectations. The focus of this paper is the characterization of the relationship between ultrasonic wave velocity and stress level in prestressing tendons. Measurements were made to determine constants that relate the change in ultrasonic velocity to the change in stress. The effects of dispersion in prestressing tendons, which act as circular waveguides for ultrasonic waves, are evaluated.